\nHAR\u0130TA B\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130 (KARTO\u011eRAFYA)
\nHAR\u0130TA
\nKu\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn
\n\u00d6l\u00e7ekli
\nD\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nUyar\u0131!
\nYery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ku\u015f bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00e7izilmesiyle elde edilen \u015fekillerin harita \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7izimin belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek dahilinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/p>\n
KROK\u0130
\nKu\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn
\nKabataslak (\u00f6l\u00e7eksiz)
\nD\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Uyar\u0131!
\nD\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131, yer \u015fekillerinin bi\u00e7imini ger\u00e7e\u011fe tam uygun olarak g\u00f6stermez. Alan , a\u00e7\u0131, uzunluk bozulmalar\u0131 meydana gelir. Sebebi: K\u00fcre \u015feklindeki bir y\u00fczeyin d\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Haritalardaki bozulma Ekvator’dan Kutuplara do\u011fru artar.
\nPROJEKS\u0130YON Y\u00d6NTEMLER\u0130
\nHaritalardaki bozulmalar\u0131 en aza indirebilmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlara projeksiyon ya da izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleri denir.<\/p>\n
1.Silindir Projeksiyonu
\nEkvator ve \u00e7evresini ger\u00e7ek alan\u0131 ile haritaya yans\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Kutuplara do\u011fru bozulma artar. Alan bozulur ancak \u015fekil korunur. Deniz ve hava ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2.D\u00fczlem Projeksiyonu
\nDar sahalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalar\u0131n \u00e7iziminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Haritan\u0131n orta k\u0131sm\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe yak\u0131nken, kenarlara do\u011fru bozulma artar. Bu y\u00f6ntemde a\u00e7\u0131lar korunurken, \u015fekil ve alan bozulmalar\u0131 olur. <\/p>\n
3. Konik Projeksiyon
\nOrta enlemlerde yer alan b\u00f6lgeleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe daha yak\u0131n g\u00f6sterir. Bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7izilen haritalarda \u015fekiller bozulur, ancak alanlar korunur. <\/p>\n
Uyar\u0131!
\nBir yerin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fckseklik ve \u00e7ukurluklar dikkate al\u0131narak hesaplan\u0131r. \u0130zd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmde ise her yer d\u00fczl\u00fck kabul edilir.
\nBunun sonucu olarak bir yerin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131nda fark b\u00fcy\u00fck ise o yer engebeli, fark az ise d\u00fczl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Fark Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde en fazla iken, Marmara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde en azd\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Harita \u00c7iziminde Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar
\n\u0130lk olarak haritan\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 belirlenmeli ve amaca uygun konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulmal\u0131
\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme oran\u0131 (\u00f6l\u00e7ek) belirlenmeli.
\nEnlem ve boylam g\u00f6sterilmeli.
\nE\u011fer alan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise y\u00f6n i\u015fareti konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nLejant belirtilmeli
\nLejant: Haritalarda kullan\u0131lan i\u015faret ve renklerin ifade edildi\u011fi tablodur
\n\u00c7izim y\u00f6ntemi belirlenmeli.
\nHAR\u0130TA \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130
\nA-Konular\u0131na G\u00f6re Haritalar
\n1.Genel Haritalar
\nYayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan atlas ve duvar haritalar\u0131 genel haritalard\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131;
\na-Fiziki haritalar: Yer \u015fekillerini g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r. Sadece bu haritalardan yaralanarak; profil \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir ve y\u00fckseltiler tespit edilebilir. <\/p>\n
b-Siyasi (idari) haritalar:S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
c-Be\u015feri haritalar: N\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0131rk, dil, dinlere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r.
\nd-Ekonomi haritalar\u0131: Tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k, sanayi, madencilik gibi \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r.
\n2.\u00d6zel Haritalar
\nKonunun uzmanlar\u0131nca \u00e7izilen haritalard\u0131r. \u0130klim (izoterm, izobar gibi) , turizm, deprem, toprak, karayollar\u0131 ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc haritalar\u0131 \u00f6zel haritalara \u00f6rnektir.
\nUyar\u0131!<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn haritalardan faydalanarak;
\n\u0130zd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan ve uzakl\u0131k hesaplanabilir.
\nYerel saat farklar\u0131 bulunabilir.
\nKonum belirlenir.
\nY\u00f6n tayini yap\u0131labilir.
\nB- \u00d6l\u00e7eklerine G\u00f6re Haritalar
\n1-B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar
\na-Planlar: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/20.000 \u2018den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan haritalard\u0131r. En ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 haritalard\u0131r.
\nb-Topo\u011frafya Haritalar\u0131: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/20.000-1\/200.000 aras\u0131nda olan haritalard\u0131r.Yer \u015fekillerini en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2-Orta \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/200.000-1\/500.000 aras\u0131ndaki haritalard\u0131r.
\n3-K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Haritalar: \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi 1\/500.000 \u2018den daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritalard\u0131r.
\nPLAN-HAR\u0130TA
\nBenzer \u00f6zellikleri: Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00e7izilme ve \u00f6l\u00e7ekli olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nFarklar\u0131: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6sterme g\u00fcc\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u00d6L\u00c7EKLER
\n1-Kesir \u00d6l\u00e7ek
\n2-\u00c7izgi (grafik) \u00d6l\u00e7ek
\n1.KES\u0130R \u00d6L\u00c7EK
\nKesirlerle ifade edilen \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdir. Kesir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte birim yaz\u0131lmaz. Her zaman cm cinsindendir. <\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek: Ger\u00e7ekte 90 km olan Manisa-Soma aras\u0131 haritada 6cm ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Haritan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi nedir? <\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek: 1\/200.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritada 16cm ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bir uzunluk ger\u00e7ekte ka\u00e7 km\u2019dir? <\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek: Ger\u00e7ekte 250 km olan bir yol 1\/1.250.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli haritada ka\u00e7 cm ile g\u00f6sterilir? <\/p>\n
Uyar\u0131!
\n\u00d6l\u00e7ek ne kadar de\u011fi\u015firse de\u011fi\u015fsin; ger\u00e7ek alan , ger\u00e7ek uzunluk, enlem- boylam , y\u00fckselti vb de\u011fi\u015fmez.
\n2- \u00c7\u0130ZG\u0130 ( GRAF\u0130K) \u00d6L\u00c7EK
\n\u00c7izgilerle ifade edilen \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00e7entikler aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k fark\u0131 birbirine e\u015fittir. <\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131daki \u00e7izgi \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin boyu 5 cm dir. Kesir \u00f6l\u00e7ek de\u011feri nedir?
\nCevap: 5 \u00e7entik oldu\u011fundan her \u00e7entik 1 cm dir. Bu sebeple<\/p>\n
Harita \u00fczerinde \u00e7izgi \u00f6l\u00e7ek yard\u0131m\u0131yla uzakl\u0131k hesaplamada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131lacak yerlerin aras\u0131 \u015fekildeki gibi belirlenir. Daha sonra \u00e7izgi \u00f6l\u00e7ekte s\u0131f\u0131r ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na konularak hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
YER \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130N\u0130 G\u00d6STERME Y\u00d6NTEMLER\u0130
\n1.RENKLEND\u0130RME Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130
\nBu y\u00f6ntemde yer \u015fekilleri renklerle ifade edilir. Her renk belirli bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fi g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2.TARAMA Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130
\nBu y\u00f6ntemde, y\u00fckselti de\u011ferleri e\u011fim y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7izilen farkl\u0131 boydaki \u00e7izgilerle g\u00f6sterilir. \u00c7izgi gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki halka \u015feklindeki bo\u015fluklar y\u00fckselti basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n\u00c7izgiler e\u011fimin fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde k\u0131sa, kal\u0131n ve s\u0131k olur. E\u011fim az ise uzun, ince ve seyrek olur. D\u00fcz alanlar bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
3. G\u00d6LGELEND\u0130RME Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130
\nYery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin bir y\u00f6nden e\u011fik olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131k ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131k alan yerler a\u00e7\u0131k, \u0131\u015f\u0131k almayan yerler koyu renkte g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Bu y\u00f6ntemde y\u00fckselti basamaklar\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daha \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
4.KABARTMA Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130
\nMaket t\u00fcr\u00fc haritalard\u0131r. Yer \u015fekillerini en iyi g\u00f6steren haritalard\u0131r. Fakat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 zor oldu\u011fundan pek kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n
5.\u0130ZOH\u0130PS Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130
\n\u0130zobat: E\u015f derinlik (deniz ve g\u00f6llerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.)
\n\u0130ZOH\u0130PSLER\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 e\u011frilerdir. Birbirini kesmezler.
\nY\u00fckselti d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru artar.
\nAralar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 birbirine e\u015fittir (Equdistance).
\n\u0130zohipslerin s\u0131k veya seyrek ge\u00e7mesi yer \u015fekillerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u0130zohipslerin s\u0131k ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerde e\u011fim fazlad\u0131r. Seyrek ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerde e\u011fim azd\u0131r.
\nE\u011fim artt\u0131k\u00e7a yatay mesafe (ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu) k\u0131sal\u0131r.
\nAyn\u0131 izohips \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalarda y\u00fckselti ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u0130zohips \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde olmayan bir noktan\u0131n kesin y\u00fckseltisi bilinemez.
\nDa\u011f doruklar\u0131 (zirveler ) nokta halinde g\u00f6sterilir.
\nAkarsu vadilerinde y\u00fckseltinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne do\u011fru girinti olu\u015fur.
\nAkarsudan sonraki ilk y\u00fckseltiler birbirine e\u015fittir.
\nDelta, akarsuyun denize d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde biriktirmesi ile olu\u015fan d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir. <\/p>\n
Da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi yerlere s\u0131rt denir. Y\u00fckseltinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne do\u011fru “U ” harfi \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler.
\nDoruk veya doruklar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen yama\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerine tepe denir.
\nK\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7izgisi (deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131) s\u0131f\u0131r metredir.
\nTaban y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ayn\u0131 olan iki tepe aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe boyun denir.
\nOk i\u015fareti \u00e7evresine g\u00f6re \u00e7ukur olan (kapal\u0131 \u00e7ukur-\u00e7anak-krater) yerleri g\u00f6sterir. <\/p>\n
PROF\u0130L \u00c7IKARMA<\/p>\n
Profili \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak olan noktalar\u0131n aras\u0131na bir do\u011fru \u00e7izilir.
\nBu do\u011frunun kesti\u011fi izohipslerin y\u00fckselti de\u011ferleri, alt k\u0131sma \u00e7izilecek y\u00fckselti \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ile kesi\u015ftirilir.
\nKesi\u015fen noktalar birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde profil \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
HAR\u0130TA B\u0130LG\u0130S\u0130 (KARTO\u011eRAFYA) HAR\u0130TA Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00d6l\u00e7ekli D\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Uyar\u0131! Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ku\u015f bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00e7izilmesiyle elde edilen \u015fekillerin harita \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7izimin belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek dahilinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. KROK\u0130 Ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn Kabataslak (\u00f6l\u00e7eksiz) D\u00fczleme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Uyar\u0131! D\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131, yer \u015fekillerinin bi\u00e7imini ger\u00e7e\u011fe tam uygun olarak g\u00f6stermez. Alan , a\u00e7\u0131, uzunluk bozulmalar\u0131 meydana …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10689,2887,3081,3076,10688,10692,10691,10687,2933,10690,3756],"class_list":["post-5036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-beseri-haritalar","tag-ekvator","tag-fiziki-haritalar","tag-harita-bilgisi","tag-harita-ciziminde-dikkat-edilecek-hususlar","tag-izobat","tag-kesir-olcek","tag-kusbakisi-gorunum","tag-marmara-bolgesi","tag-olceklerine-gore-haritalar","tag-ozel-haritalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5036\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}