\u00c7\u00f6ller,geni\u015f karasal alanlarda;metrekareye d\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 25 cm\u2019nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu,az say\u0131da bitki ve hayvan\u0131n uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kurak alanlard\u0131r.Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri \u00e7\u00f6llerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r.Bu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7ok az say\u0131da insan ya\u015far.\u00c7\u00f6ller;s\u0131cak,so\u011fuk ve orta ku\u015fak \u00e7\u00f6ller diye ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.Orta ku\u015fak \u00e7\u00f6llere \u00f6rnek olarak Orta Asya\u2019da ve ABD\u2019deki Great Basin (B\u00fcy\u00fck Havza)d\u0131r.Bu y\u00f6relerde k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok so\u011fuktur. So\u011fuk \u00e7\u00f6l olarak \u00c7in\u2019deki Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc.S\u0131cak \u00e7\u00f6llere \u00f6rnek olarak \u015eili\u2019deki Atakama \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc.
\n\u00c7\u00f6ller nas\u0131l olu\u015fur?
\n\u00c7\u00f6ller; yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki her k\u0131tada g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6llerin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00e7ok az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f almalar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00c7\u00f6llerin olu\u015fumu,y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7tan kaynaklanan kuru havad\u0131r.
\nS\u0131cak ve nemli hava,y\u00fckselerek tropikal b\u00f6lgelere do\u011fru hareket eder.Y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r,so\u011fur ve her iki yar\u0131mk\u00fcredeki 30. enlemlerde al\u00e7alan hava,\u00fczerindeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 nedeniyle s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r.Nem tutma kapasitesi artar.Bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u011fmur ort.y\u0131ll\u0131k 200 mm\u2019nin alt\u0131nda ya\u011far.Olu\u015facak \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn \u00fczerinde bulutsuz bir ortam olu\u015fur.G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 da direkt topraktaki suyu buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.\u00c7\u00f6llerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na gereli olan nedenlerden biridir.
\n\u00c7\u00f6llerin olu\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgili nedenlerden ikisini a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z:Okyanustaki so\u011fuk ak\u0131nt\u0131lar ve ya\u011fmur g\u00f6lgesi. Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerdeki karalar\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fclen so\u011fuk su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131,deniz y\u00fczeyinin so\u011fumas\u0131na neden olur. Bu y\u00fczden hava k\u00fctlesi so\u011fur.So\u011fumu\u015f olan bir hava k\u00fctlesi su tutma kapasitesi azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ya\u011fmur k\u0131y\u0131lara ula\u015fmaz.\u00d6rnek olarak \u015eili\u2019deki Atakama \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc ,G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki Namib \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6sterilir.Ya\u011fmur g\u00f6lgesi olay\u0131 da bu \u015fekildedirenizlerden karalara do\u011fru ilerleyen nemli hava k\u00fctlesi,k\u0131y\u0131da da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca,yama\u00e7 boyu y\u00fckselir.Do\u011fa ya\u011fmuru olarak ya\u011f\u0131\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131r.Da\u011f\u0131 a\u015fan bulutlar i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeye ilerledi\u011fin de hava kuru olur,al\u00e7al\u0131rken \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r.Bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6ller California\u2019daki Nevada da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesindeki Mojave \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rnektir.
\n\u00c7\u00f6lde ya\u015fayanlar
\nD\u00fcnya\u2019daki insanlar\u0131n %5\u2019i \u00e7\u00f6llerde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.Bu insanlar ya g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015farlar ya da vaha denilen,su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki verimli b\u00f6lgelerde yerle\u015fmektedirler.
\n\u00c7\u00f6lde ya\u015fayan hayvanlar \u00e7\u00f6l \u015fartlar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar.Kabuklu domuz,akrepler,de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6cekler ve \u00f6r\u00fcmcekler gibi hayvanlar\u0131n terlemeyi s\u0131n\u0131rlayan sert ve ge\u00e7irimsiz bir kabu\u011fa sahiptirler;develer ve ceylanlar da su kayb\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek amac\u0131yla idrar \u00e7ok yo\u011fundur.Arap develeri ,normalde v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n %30\u2019unu yitirebilirler(insanlar i\u00e7in bu oran tehlikelidir).Sonra 120 litreye kadar su i\u00e7erler.S\u0131caktan ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in y\u0131lanlar yar\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7lerine saklan\u0131rlar;kertenkelelerde kumun i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak kazarlar;piramit faresiyle kanguru-fare z\u0131playarak hareket ederek \u00e7\u00f6lde ya\u015famaya uyum sa\u011flayanlardand\u0131r.Bu hayvanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kutlar,tilkiler,\u00e7\u00f6l kaplumba\u011falar\u0131,ku\u015flar (bayku\u015f,a\u011fa\u00e7kakanlar\u0131)gibi hayvanlarda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.Hayvanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu geceleri bar\u0131naklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ya\u015farlar.G\u00fcnd\u00fczleri \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011fle vakitlerinde bar\u0131naklar\u0131na girerler.Kertenkeleler v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dengelemek i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fle vak- tine kadar bar\u0131naklar\u0131na girmezler.
\nKakt\u00fcs bitkisi susuz ya\u015far,k\u00f6kleri \u00e7evresinde olur ve b\u00f6ylece ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha fazla su toplayabilir.Toplanan sular g\u00f6vde de ya da yapraklarda depolan\u0131r.Kakt\u00fcslerin y\u00fczeyleri su kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektedir.
\n\u00c7\u00f6l bitkilerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131:Kakt\u00fcs,feorocact\u00fcsler,gasteria bekeri,cereuslar,carnegia,hurma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi.\u00c7\u00f6l \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri de vard\u0131r:Echinopsis,hodtricia ve chamacerus rhodatric.Baz\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l bitkileri hayvanlara hem besin hem de bar\u0131nak sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7\u00f6ller,geni\u015f karasal alanlarda;metrekareye d\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 25 cm\u2019nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu,az say\u0131da bitki ve hayvan\u0131n uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kurak alanlard\u0131r.Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri \u00e7\u00f6llerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r.Bu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7ok az say\u0131da insan ya\u015far.\u00c7\u00f6ller;s\u0131cak,so\u011fuk ve orta ku\u015fak \u00e7\u00f6ller diye ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.Orta ku\u015fak \u00e7\u00f6llere \u00f6rnek olarak Orta Asya\u2019da ve ABD\u2019deki Great Basin (B\u00fcy\u00fck Havza)d\u0131r.Bu y\u00f6relerde k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok so\u011fuktur. So\u011fuk …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10696,10698,10697,5592],"class_list":["post-5048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-coller","tag-coller-nasil-olusur","tag-karasal-alanlar","tag-piramit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5048"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5048\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}