D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z katman gibi tamamen kat\u0131 maddelerden olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.D\u00fcnya;gaz katman\u0131,su katman\u0131 ,yer kabu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekirdek olmak \u00fczere 5 katmandan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Katmanlar\u0131;
\n 1: Gaz katman\u0131(Atmosfer)
\n 2: Su katman\u0131(Hidrosfer)
\n 3: Yer kabu\u011fu(Litosfer)
\n 4: Magma katman\u0131(Pirosfer)
\n 5: \u00c7ekirdek katman\u0131(Barisfer)
\n ATMOSFER (HAVA K\u00dcRE)<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyay\u0131 saran gaz tabakas\u0131d\u0131r,hava k\u00fcre ad\u0131na verilir. Atmosferdeki de\u011fi\u015fik gazlar yer \u00e7ekiminin etkisiyle \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fckseltilerde tutulur.Yer \u00e7ekiminin bitti\u011fi yerde atmosfer de biter.Uzay bo\u015flu\u011fu ba\u015flar.Atmosferi olu\u015fturan gazlar yer \u00e7ekimi etkisiyle a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u00e7 i\u00e7e k\u00fcreler bi\u00e7iminde bulunurlar.A\u011f\u0131r gazlar (iki oksijen -azot-iki kobalt) gibi yere yak\u0131n alt tabakalarda hafif gazlar ise \u00fcst tabakalarda yer al\u0131r.( Yerden 9km y\u00fckseltiden sonra ya\u015famaya yetecek oksijen bulunmaz.17-18km sonra ise oksijen oran\u0131 iyice azal\u0131r ve bu katlarda ate\u015f yakacak kadar bir oksijen kalmaz.)
\n Atmosferin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ekseni etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak,kutuplarda az ekvatorda daha fazlad\u0131r.Ortalama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10.000km kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ATMOSFER\u0130N ROL\u00dc<\/p>\n
1)- \u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi oksijen arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ya\u015fama olanak tan\u0131r.
\n 2)- \u00d6zellikleri sayesinde, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n fazla \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve fazla so\u011fumas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n 3)- G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen k\u0131sa dalgal\u0131 zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u00fczerek d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r hale getirir.
\n 4)- Hava ak\u0131mlar\u0131 yolu ile g\u00fcne\u015f alan yerlerin \u00e7ok s\u0131cak,olmayan yerlerin \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.E\u011fer atmosfer olmasayd\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f alan\u0131 yerlerin tam olarak ayd\u0131nl\u0131k ve \u00e7ok s\u0131cak,g\u00f6lge yerlerin ise tam karanl\u0131k ve so\u011fuk olmas\u0131 gerekirdi.
\n 5)- G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen enerjinin uzaya d\u00f6nmesini \u00f6nleyen bir \u00f6rt\u00fc g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.Atmosfer ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yans\u0131y\u0131p da\u011f\u0131larak g\u00f6lge yerlerinde ayd\u0131nl\u0131k olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1)- TROPOSFER: Atmosferin en alt tabakas\u0131d\u0131r.ortalama13km kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki troposfer yerden ekvatorda 16km kutuplarda 6km y\u00fcksekliktedir.troposferin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fme s\u0131cakl\u0131kla ilgilidir.(Ekvatorda \u0131s\u0131nan hava genle\u015ferek y\u00fcksektir.Kutuplarda ise so\u011fuyan hava a\u011f\u0131rla\u015farak al\u00e7al\u0131r.)
\n * Atmosferdeki gazlar\u0131n %75’i bu katman dad\u0131r.
\n *B\u00fct\u00fcn meteorolojik olaylar burada g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n *Su buhar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 buradad\u0131r.
\n *Atmosfer a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan,y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e s\u0131cakl\u0131k 100m. de 0,5 santigrat derece d\u00fc\u015fer.
\n *Su buhar\u0131 troposferin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn iklim olaylar\u0131 burada g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n *Y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden su buhar\u0131 troposferin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaz.
\n 2)-STRATOSFER:
\n *S\u0131cakl\u0131k her yerde -50 santigrat derecede sabittir.
\n *-Yatay hava hareketleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n *Su buhar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bulut olu\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n
3)-MEZOSFER:
\n a)-Ozonosferksijen g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle (2oksijen) b\u00fcnyesine bir molek\u00fcl oksijen daha alarak (3oksijen) ozonu olu\u015fturur.
\n G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen canl\u0131lar i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 olan k\u0131sa dalgal\u0131 (mor \u00f6tesi,ultravole) \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ozon taraf\u0131ndan tutulur.
\n b)-Kemosfer:
\n * Yer y\u00fcz\u00fcnden y\u00fckselen gazlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 lutra vole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131l\u0131r.\u0130yonla\u015fma sonucu \u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131cakl\u0131k 100santigratderece \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n *G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da burada tutulur. <\/p>\n
4)- \u0130YONOSFER:
\n * Gaz molek\u00fcllerinin lutra vole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle par\u00e7alanarak iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan enerji s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 200 santigrat derece a\u015famas\u0131nda yol a\u00e7ar.
\n * Atmosferdeki gazlar bu katmanda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n * \u0130yonosfer in \u00fcst kat\u0131na “Egzosfer” denir.
\n * Egzosfer den sonra uzay bo\u015flu\u011fu ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
ATMOSFER\u0130 OLU\u015eTURAN GAZLAR:
\n 1)-ATMOSFERDE HER ZAMAN BULUNAN,M\u0130KTARI DE\u011e\u0130\u015eMEYEN GAZLAR:
\n Azot % 78
\n Oksijen % 21
\n * Asal gazlar % 1 (neon,argon,helyum,kripton,hidrojen)
\n * Oksijen suda erime \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermesi,sularda canl\u0131 ya\u015fama yol a\u00e7ar.
\n * So\u011fuk sularda oksijen oran\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r.
\n * Hava \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a erimi\u015f olan oksijen sudan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya verilir.Onun i\u00e7in yaz mevsiminde deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda oksijen oran\u0131 azda olsa artar.
\n * Havadaki oksijen oran\u0131 yaz\u0131n k\u0131\u015fa oranla biraz daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2)- ATMOSFERDE HER ZAMAN BULUNAN,M\u0130KTARI DE\u011e\u0130\u015eMEYEN GAZLAR:
\n Ozon
\n Tozlar
\n * Ozon g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n yere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler,\u00e7ok azda olsa v\u00fccutta D vitamini olu\u015fumuna olanak tan\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mesine izin verir.
\n * Tozlar,havada fazla olduklar\u0131 zaman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve solunumu g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir.
\n * Tozlar,havada yo\u011funla\u015fma \u00e7ekirdekleri olu\u015fturarak,ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flar.
\n * Tozlar havada fazla miktarda bulunduklar\u0131 zaman renkli ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olurlar.
\n 3)- ATMOSFERDE HER ZAMAN BULUNAN M\u0130KTARI DE\u011e\u0130\u015eEN GAZLAR:
\n Co2 su buhar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n * Atmosferde miktar\u0131 yer ve zamana g\u00f6re en fazla de\u011fi\u015fen gaz su buhar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n * Su buhar\u0131 oran\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lardan i\u00e7erilere ve al\u00e7aklardan y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r.
\n * S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a su buhar\u0131 oran\u0131 artar.
\n Su buhar\u0131n\u0131n etkileri:
\n 1)-Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n 2)-Atmosferin s\u0131cakl\u0131k emmesi ve alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n 3)-Koruyucu bir \u00f6rt\u00fc olu\u015fturarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzaya ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.
\n 4)-Su buhar\u0131 bo\u011faz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve derimizin fazla kurumas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.
\n 5)-Hava i\u00e7indeki bakterilerin ya\u015famas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n
SU K\u00dcRE (H\u0130DROSFER)<\/p>\n
Okyanuslar ve denizler:Okyanuslar k\u0131talar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck su k\u00fctleleridir.Denizler ise okyanuslar\u0131n k\u0131ta i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru uzanan kollar\u0131d\u0131r.Okyanus ve denizleri birbirinden ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n * Derinlik
\n * Kaplad\u0131klar\u0131 alan
\n * Tuzluluk
\n * Ak\u0131nt\u0131 sistemleri
\n * S\u0131cakl\u0131k
\n * Karalar\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinde etkilenme
\n Her adan\u0131n belli bir k\u0131tan\u0131n mal\u0131 ve par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi,her denizde belli bir okyanusun par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.Bu nedenle denizleri,okyanusla meydana getirdi\u011fi ba\u011flant\u0131ya dayanarak \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ay\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z.
\n a)- Kenar denizler:Okyanuslar\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda,k\u0131talara sokulmu\u015f k\u00f6rfezler durumundad\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011fin;,umman denizi vb.
\n b)- Karalar ve k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f denizler:Bu tip denizlere en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnek Akdeniz’dir.Okyanusla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131,bir e\u015fik meydana getiren dar bir bo\u011faz iledir.Afrika,Avrupa ve Asya k\u0131talar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan Akdeniz geni\u015f anlamda Marmara ,Karadeniz ve zad denizi de i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.
\n c)-Kapal\u0131 denizler:Bunlar asl\u0131nda sular\u0131 tuz olan g\u00f6llerdir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc okyanusla hi\u00e7bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yoktur.Hazar denizi gibi.
\n Deniz sular\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelikleri:
\n Tuzluluk:Bir litre deniz suyunda erimi\u015f halde bulunan madensel tuzlar\u0131n gr olarak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011finkyanuslar\u0131n ortalama tuzlu\u011fu 35\u2019tir,denildi\u011finde,1litre okyanus suyunda 35gr \u00e7e\u015fitli erimi\u015f madde bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Deniz suyundaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca kimyasal maddeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Sodyum klor\u00fcr: %78,32
\n Potasyum klor\u00fcr: %1,69
\n Magnezyum klor\u00fcr: %9,44
\n Magnezyum s\u00fclfat: %6,40
\n Kalsiyum s\u00fclfat: %3,94,
\n Toplam : 99,79<\/p>\n
Deniz suyunun tuzluluk oran\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.S\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015fmaya bu da tuzluluk oran\u0131n artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.Deniz suyu tuzluluk oran\u0131 ortalama %35tir.Deniz suyu tuzlulu\u011funu \u00e7ok azda olsa denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen akarsular ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarda etkiler.Deniz suyu tuzlulu\u011fu en fazla olan deniz %65 ile K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz,en az olan denizde %01 ile Balt\u0131k denizidir.
\n Yurdumuz da Akdeniz\u2019den,Karadeniz\u2019e do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e enleme ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tuzluluk oran\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Ayn\u0131 durum gidildik\u00e7e de g\u00f6zlenir. <\/p>\n
YER KABU\u011eU KATMANI<\/p>\n
Yer kabu\u011fu,\u00e7e\u015fitli ta\u015f ve kayalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu katmand\u0131r.En \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131m toprakla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr.Baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ise sularla kapl\u0131d\u0131r.Canl\u0131lar yer kabu\u011fu \u00fczerinde ya\u015farlar.<\/p>\n
MA\u011eMA KATMANI
\n Magma katman\u0131,yer kabu\u011funun alt\u0131ndaki tabakad\u0131r.S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2000 santigrat derecedir.Bu katman,yer kabu\u011funun ergimi\u015f maddelerle \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f gaz ve buharlar\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7EK\u0130RDEK KATMANI\u00c7ekirdek katman\u0131 yerk\u00fcrenin en i\u00e7 katman\u0131d\u0131r.S\u0131cakl\u0131k 5000 santigrat derecedir.\u00c7ok s\u0131cak oldu\u011fu halde bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisiyle buradaki maddeler erimemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z katman gibi tamamen kat\u0131 maddelerden olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.D\u00fcnya;gaz katman\u0131,su katman\u0131 ,yer kabu\u011fu ve \u00e7ekirdek olmak \u00fczere 5 katmandan olu\u015fur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Katmanlar\u0131; 1: Gaz katman\u0131(Atmosfer) 2: Su katman\u0131(Hidrosfer) 3: Yer kabu\u011fu(Litosfer) 4: Magma katman\u0131(Pirosfer) 5: \u00c7ekirdek katman\u0131(Barisfer) ATMOSFER (HAVA K\u00dcRE) D\u00fcnyay\u0131 saran gaz tabakas\u0131d\u0131r,hava k\u00fcre ad\u0131na verilir. Atmosferdeki de\u011fi\u015fik gazlar yer \u00e7ekiminin etkisiyle \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fckseltilerde …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2796,3457,10713,3455,5451,2837,2961,10714,10715,2164,3456,4965,4543,3901],"class_list":["post-5060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-atmosfer","tag-barisfer","tag-dunyanin-katmanlari","tag-hidrosfer","tag-kalsiyum-sulfat","tag-kemosfer","tag-litosfer","tag-magnezyum-klorur","tag-magnezyum-sulfat","tag-oksijen","tag-pirosfer","tag-potasyum-klorur","tag-sodyum-klorur","tag-su-buhari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5060"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5060\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}