D\u00fcnya\u2019da G\u00f6r\u00fclen \u0130klim Tipleri<\/p>\n
Bir yerde benzer s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7, r\u00fczgar, nemlilik ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinin uzun s\u00fcre etkili olmas\u0131yla iklim tipleri belirmektedir. \u0130klimi olu\u015fturan bu \u00f6\u011felerden birinin ya da ikisinin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fik iklim tiplerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.
\n D\u00fcnya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen iklimler, s\u0131cak ku\u015fak iklimleri, \u0131l\u0131man ku\u015fak iklimleri ve so\u011fuk ku\u015fak iklimleri olarak \u00fc\u00f6\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131cak Ku\u015fak \u0130klimleri<\/p>\n
S\u0131cak Ku\u015fak \u0130klimlerinin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131 20\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\n \u2022 S\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 Ekvator\u2019dan uzakla\u015fd\u0131k\u00e7a artar.
\n \u2022 So\u011fuk mevsim yoktur.
\n \u2022 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. <\/p>\n
Ekvatoral \u0130klim<\/p>\n
Ekvatoral \u0130klimin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 20\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu ekvatoral iklimde y\u0131l boyunca yaz ko\u015fullar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r.
\n G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, y\u0131l boyunca dik ve dike yak\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131larla geldi\u011finden y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n Y\u0131l boyunca y\u00fckseltici hava hareketlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak konveksiyonel ya\u011f\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 2000 mm\u2019nin \u00fczerindedir. Her mevsimin ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ekvatoral b\u00f6lge akarsular\u0131n\u0131n rejimleri d\u00fczenlidir ve y\u0131l boyunca bol su ta\u015f\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n dik geldi\u011fi Mart ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar artar. Bu nedenle ekinokslarda (21 Mart \u2013 23 Eyl\u00fcl) akarsularda kabarma olur.<\/p>\n
Konveksiyonel Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f : Is\u0131nan havan\u0131n y\u00fckselerek so\u011fumas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Ekvatoral iklimde y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yere de\u011fme a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n az de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle, g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131 ise nem oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
Ekvatoral \u0130klimin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
Y\u0131l boyunca s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ko\u015fullar\u0131 elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fundan s\u00fcrekli ye\u015fil kalabilen yayvan yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan g\u00fcr ormanlard\u0131r. Ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen bu ormanlardaki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n boyu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 40-60 m lere kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Ormanalt\u0131 floaras\u0131 da \u00e7ok zengindir.<\/p>\n
Ormanalt\u0131 Floras\u0131 : Orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda lo\u015f ortamda yeti\u015fen, \u00e7o\u011funlukla ot ve sarma\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bitki toplulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n
Ekvatoral \u0130klimin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
10\u00b0 Kuzey ve G\u00fcney enlemleri aras\u0131nda,
\n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da Amazon Havzas\u0131\u2019nda,
\n Afrika\u2019da Kongo Havzas\u0131\u2019nda ve Gine K\u00f6rfezi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n Asya\u2019da Endonezya Adalar\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yazlar\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Tropikal \u0130klim (Savan)<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 20\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\n Yazlar s\u0131cak ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131\u015flar s\u0131cak ve kurak ge\u00e7er
\n G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n dik a\u00e7\u0131yla geldi\u011fi yaz aylar\u0131nda konveksiyonel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda subtropikal y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nc\u0131n (DYB) etkisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015f kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgindir.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 1000 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Savan ikliminde g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131, nemlilik nedeniyle yaz\u0131n az, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yazlar\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Tropikal \u0130klimin (Savan \u0130klimi) Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
Yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ye\u015feren, uzun boylu, g\u00fcr ot topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlara savan ad\u0131 verilir. Savanlar aras\u0131nda yer yer kurak\u00e7\u0131l a\u011fa\u00e7lar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Akarsu boylar\u0131nda ise galeri ormanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Galeri Ormanlar\u0131 : Savanlardaki, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck akarsu boylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen, \u00e7o\u011funlukla 50-100 m geni\u015fli\u011finde, bir akarsu a\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde uzanan ve s\u00fcrekli ye\u015fil kalabilen nemli ormanlard\u0131r. Galeri ormanlar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n, akarsuyun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc bir galeri \u015feklinde kapatmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yazlar\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Tropikal \u0130klimin (Savan \u0130klimi) G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
10\u00b0 enlemleri ile d\u00f6nenceler aras\u0131nda,
\n Orta Amerika\u2019da,
\n Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc ile Ekvatoral Afrika aras\u0131nda,
\n G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da,
\n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da,
\n Kuzey Avustralya\u2019da,
\n Madagaskar\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Muson \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Muson \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10\u00b0C – 20\u00b0C aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 20\u00b0C nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.
\n Muson r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle yazlar s\u0131cak ve bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er. K\u0131\u015flar ise \u0131l\u0131k ve kurakt\u0131r.
\n \u00c7o\u011funlukla 2000 \u2013 5000 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 baz\u0131 yerlerde 10000 mm\u2019yi ge\u00e7mektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Hindistan\u2019\u0131n \u00c7erapun\u00e7i kasabas\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 12000 mm\u2019yi bulmaktad\u0131r.
\n Yaz aylar\u0131nda orografik ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Orografik Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar : Nemli hava k\u00fctlelerinin bir da\u011f yamac\u0131na \u00e7arparak y\u00fckselmesi sonucunda olu\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Muson \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu yerlerde, k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6ken yayvan yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan ormanlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu ormanlara muson ormanlar\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
Muson \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n Madagaskar\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda,
\n Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda,
\n Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6l \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6l \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
G\u00fcnl\u00fck ve mevsimlik s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131n\u0131n azla olmas\u0131 karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.
\n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131, kayalar\u0131n fiziksel olarak par\u00e7alan\u0131p ufalanmas\u0131na neden olur.
\n Kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme yetersiz oldu\u011fundan toprak olu\u015fumu zordur.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6l \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kurakl\u0131\u011fa uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan kurak\u00e7\u0131l otlar ve \u00e7al\u0131lardan olu\u015fur. Kurakl\u0131\u011fa en iyi uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bitkiler, g\u00f6vdesinde \u00e7ok miktarda su biriktirebilen kakt\u00fcslerdir. \u00dczerlerindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dikenler, bitkinin \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde vahalar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Vaha : \u00c7\u00f6llerde suyun bulundu\u011fu, bitkilerin yeti\u015febildi\u011fi, insanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fip bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Vahalar akarsu boylar\u0131nda, kuyular\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, b\u00fcy\u00fck su kaynaklar\u0131 yan\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6l \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
Asya K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019nda; Arabistan, Gobi, Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6llerinde,
\n Kuzey Amerika\u2019da; Kaliforniya, Nevada, Kolorado, Meksika \u00c7\u00f6llerinde,
\n Afrika\u2019da; B\u00fcy\u00fck sahra, Kalahari, Namibya \u00c7\u00f6lleri\u2019nde,
\n Avustralya\u2019da; B\u00fcy\u00fck Kum \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde,
\n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da; Atakama \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
UYARI : \u00c7\u00f6llerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kuzey yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019dedir. Bu durum, karalar\u0131n Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019de G\u00fcney Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019den daha fazla olmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak \u0130klimleri<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak \u0130klimlerinin Ortak \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131 20\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 belirgindir.
\n 4 mevsim ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri <\/p>\n
Yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ve kurak ge\u00e7er.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k 18\u00b0C – 20\u00b0C aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.
\n Yaz\u0131n geni\u015fleyen subtropikal antisiklon (DYB), Akdeniz iklim b\u00f6lgesinde yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirginle\u015ftirir.
\n K\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda gezici al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7lar cephesel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara neden olur.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 600-1000 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimi d\u00fczensizdir.
\n Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve don olay\u0131 ender g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Don Olay\u0131 : Havan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve durgun oldu\u011fu k\u0131\u015f gecelerinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle toprak donar. Don olay\u0131 tar\u0131msal \u00fcretime b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar verir. Karasal b\u00f6lgelerde don olay\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
K\u0131sa, bodur a\u011fa\u00e7 ve \u00e7al\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne maki ad\u0131 verilir. Yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yapraklar\u0131 genellikle sert, t\u00fcyl\u00fc, ince ve uzundur.
\n Zeytin, defne, ke\u00e7iboynuzu, mersin, lavanta, kekik ve zakkum maki bitki toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u00e7evresindeki \u00fclkelerde,
\n G\u00fcney Portekiz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n Afrika\u2019da Kap B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde,
\n G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Avustralya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n Orta \u015eili\u2019de,
\n Kuzey Amerika\u2019da Kaliforniya y\u00f6resinde,
\n G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin G\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Akdeniz iklimi genellikle 30\u00b0-40\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Okyanus \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Okyanus \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Orta Ku\u015fak k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, bat\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle geli\u015fen bir iklim tipidir.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k 20\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 belirgin de\u011fildir.
\n Yazlar serin ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.
\n Her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Sonbahar ve k\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha belirgindir.
\n Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve don olay\u0131 ender g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda cephesel, yaz aylar\u0131nda hem cephesel hem de y\u00fckselim ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Okyanus ikliminin belirmesinde temel etken bat\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 ve s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Okyanus \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
Yayvan ve i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan karma ormanlard\u0131r.
\n Yer yer \u00e7ay\u0131rlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Okyanus \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Atlas Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda,
\n Yeni Zellanda\u2019da,
\n Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde,
\n Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda,
\n Tasmanya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klim<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klimin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Yazlar s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar so\u011fuk ve kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.
\n G\u00fcnl\u00fck ve mevsimlik s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 belirgindir.
\n En ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsim ilkbahard\u0131r.
\n Don olay\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n S\u0131cak \u00e7\u00f6llerin kenarlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen karasal iklimde yaz mevsimi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Il\u0131man karasal iklimde k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131ndaki ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, termik y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkili olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yaz\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ise konveksiyoneldir.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klimin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
\u0130lkbahar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ye\u015feren, yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sararan k\u0131sa boylu otlard\u0131r. Bunlara step ya da bozk\u0131r denir. Steplere Kuzey Amerika\u2019da preri, G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da pampa ad\u0131 verilir. Y\u00fcksek yerlerde yer yer i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Il\u0131man Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda,
\n Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda,
\n Irak\u2019ta,
\n \u0130ran\u2019da,
\n T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da,
\n Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda,
\n Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk Ku\u015fak \u0130klimleri<\/p>\n
60\u00b0 – 90\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u0131l boyunca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n \u0130klimin elveri\u015fsiz olmas\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klim<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klimin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Bu iklim iki alt b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131 ve K\u0131\u015f\u0131 So\u011fuk Karasal \u0130klim<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 belirgindir.
\n Yazlar so\u011fuk, yer yer serin ve k\u0131sa, k\u0131\u015flar ise \u00e7ok so\u011fuk, uzun ve karl\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Kar uzun s\u00fcre toprakta kal\u0131r.
\n En ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsim yazd\u0131r ve konveksiyonel ya\u011f\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n Ekvator\u2019a do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu iklim tipi de\u011fi\u015fir ve yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak karasal iklime ge\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
Yazlar\u0131 S\u0131cak Karasal \u0130klim<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f s\u0131caklar\u0131 -10\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131na inmez.
\n Yaz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 20\u00b0C nin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar ve yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha belirgindir.<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klimin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
\u0130\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan ormanlard\u0131r. Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne tayga ad\u0131 verilir.
\n Yer yer \u00e7ay\u0131rlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk Ku\u015fak Karasal \u0130klimin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak karasal iklimi,
\n ABD\u2019nin kuzeydo\u011fusunda,
\n Kanada\u2019da,
\n Kuzey \u00c7in\u2019de,
\n Man\u00e7urya\u2019da,
\n Rusya\u2019da,
\n Orta Sibirya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n So\u011fuk ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n yazlar\u0131 da so\u011fuk karasal iklimi,
\n Asya, Avrupa ve Amerika k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde, tundra ikliminin alt\u0131nda bir ku\u015fak halinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Tundra \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Tundra \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
\u2022 Yazlar \u00e7ok k\u0131sa ve serin ge\u00e7er. Yaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaz.
\n \u2022 Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 250 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n \u2022 K\u0131\u015flar \u00e7ok so\u011fuk ve uzun ge\u00e7er.
\n \u2022 Toprak k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda donmu\u015f haldedir.
\n \u2022 Yaz aylar\u0131nda topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve batakl\u0131klar olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n
Tundra \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ve kurakl\u0131\u011fa uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan k\u0131sa boylu \u00e7al\u0131lar, otlar ve yosunlard\u0131r.
\n Bu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne tundra ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
Tundra \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
60\u00b0-70\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda,
\n Asya\u2019da,
\n Avrupa\u2019da,
\n Kanada\u2019n\u0131n kuzey k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda,
\n G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Kutup \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Kutup \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
S\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u0131l boyunca 0\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 buharla\u015fmay\u0131 engelledi\u011fi i\u00e7in ya\u011f\u0131\u015f az ve kar bi\u00e7imindedir.
\n S\u00fcrekli donmu\u015f halde olan toprak kar ve buz ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kutup \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
Toprak , s\u00fcrekli kar ve buz \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ile kapl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnden s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n
Kutup \u0130kliminin G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerler<\/p>\n
Kutuplar \u00e7evresinde,
\n Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da,
\n Antartika\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130klim ve Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de G\u00f6r\u00fclen \u0130klim Tipleri<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye, matematik ve \u00f6zel konumu nedeniyle \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim tiplerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u00fclkedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00e7evresindeki denizlerin, kara k\u00fctlelerinin, bas\u0131n\u00e7 merkezlerinin, enlemin ve yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin etkisiyle 3 ana iklim tipi belirmi\u015ftir. Ana iklim tipleri aras\u0131nda her iki iklim tipinin de \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan ge\u00e7i\u015f iklimleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Karadeniz \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Karadeniz \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. En \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sonbahar ile k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fer.
\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen iklimler i\u00e7inde y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 en fazla oland\u0131r.
\n Yazlar serin ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n Bulutluluk oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek, g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n Karadeniz iklimi yer \u015fekillerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 3 alt tipe ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Karadeniz iklimi s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ko\u015fullar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan okyanusal iklime benzer. Bu iklim tipinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n konumuna ve y\u00fckseltilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Karadeniz Tipi<\/p>\n
Da\u011flar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131dan hemen sonra y\u00fckselmesi, uzan\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nleri ve bunlar\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015f getiren r\u00fczgarlara d\u00f6n\u00fck olmas\u0131 gibi etkenlerden dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve b\u00f6lgenin en ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 14\u00b0C – 15\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 7\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 23\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 1500-2500 mm<\/p>\n
Orta Karadeniz Tipi<\/p>\n
Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde da\u011flar k\u0131y\u0131dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00fckseltileri azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 azd\u0131r.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 14\u00b0C – 15\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 7\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 23\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 700 \u2013 900 mm<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 Karadeniz Tipi<\/p>\n
Yaz ve k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 Orta ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz tipine g\u00f6re biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131, Orta Karadeniz\u2019dekinden daha azd\u0131r.
\n Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile don olay\u0131 Do\u011fu ve Orta Karadeniz\u2019e g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 13\u00b0C – 14\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 5\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 21\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 1000-1500 mm<\/p>\n
Karadeniz \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
S\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00fcr ormanlar\u0131n ve ormanalt\u0131 floras\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Orta Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc zay\u0131flar.<\/p>\n
Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi Bitki Katlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan orman
\n Geni\u015f ve i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan orman
\n \u0130\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan orman
\n Alpin \u00e7ay\u0131rlar<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130klimi<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130kliminin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.
\n Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve don olay\u0131 ender g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n En ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsim k\u0131\u015f, en kurak mevsim yazd\u0131r.
\n Yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgindir.
\n Akdeniz iklimi s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 2 tipe ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Akdeniz ikliminin etki alan\u0131 Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle dar, Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde ise da\u011flar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya dik uzanmas\u0131 nedeniyle geni\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
As\u0131l Akdeniz Tipi<\/p>\n
Akdeniz ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Da\u011flar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131dan hemen sonra y\u00fckseldi\u011fi yerlerde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 artar.
\n K\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yerler Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 18\u00b0C – 19\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 8\u00b0C – 9\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 28\u00b0C – 30\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 750 \u2013 1000 mm<\/p>\n
Bozulmu\u015f Akdeniz Tipi (Marmara Tipi)<\/p>\n
Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ile G\u00fcney Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda daha yayg\u0131n olan bu iklim tipi, Trakya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Akdeniz iklimi ile Karadeniz iklimi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir.
\n Enlem fark\u0131 nedeniyle s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131 As\u0131l Akdeniz tipine g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve don olay\u0131 As\u0131l Akdeniz tipine g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 12\u00b0C – 15\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 5\u00b0C – 6\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 24\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 600 \u2013 800 mm<\/p>\n
UYARI : Akdeniz \u0130kliminin Marmara tipinde s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131, enlem fark\u0131 ve kuzeyden gelen r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n etkisiyle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r, Karadeniz ikliminin etkisiyle yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz \u0130kliminin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
K\u0131sa, bodur a\u011fa\u00e7 ve \u00e7al\u0131lardan olu\u015fan makilerdir. Maki b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l boyunca ye\u015fil kal\u0131r.
\n Makilerin y\u00fckselti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 enlemin etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz\u2019de 700 \u2013 800 m
\n Ege\u2019de 400 \u2013 500 m
\n G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019da ise 250 \u2013 300 m\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Karasal \u0130klim<\/p>\n
Karasal \u0130klimin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
Kuzey Anadolu ve Toros Da\u011flar\u0131 denizel etkilerin i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere girmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7 kesimlerde iklim karasalla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 az, s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 belirgindir.
\n Karasal iklim, enlem ve y\u00fckselti fark\u0131 nedeniyle 3 tipe ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
UYARI : Karasal iklimde yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, Akdeniz ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejiminin etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu Tipi<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu, G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi ve Ergene Havzas\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Yazlar s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar so\u011fuk ve kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7er.
\n En ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsim ilkbahard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 10\u00b0C – 12\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 2\u00b0C – 4\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 25\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 250 \u2013 500 mm<\/p>\n
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Tipi<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en s\u0131cak iklim b\u00f6lgesidir.
\n Yazlar \u00e7ok s\u0131cak, kurak ve uzun, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k, yer yer so\u011fuk ve k\u0131sa ge\u00e7er.
\n Yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en belirgin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedir.
\n B\u00f6lgenin bat\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131, do\u011fusunda ilkbahar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 belirgindir.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 15\u00b0C \u2013 19\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 1\u00b0C – 2\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 :30\u00b0C den y\u00fcksek
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 400 \u2013 700 mm<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Anadolu Tipi (Yaz\u0131n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Tip)<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgenin y\u00fcksek b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde karasal iklim \u00f6zellikleri daha belirgindir.
\n K\u0131\u015flar \u00e7ok so\u011fuk, karl\u0131 ve uzun, yazlar serin, ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve k\u0131sa ge\u00e7er.
\n En ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsimler, yaz ve ilkbahard\u0131r.
\n Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve don olay\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Y\u00fckseltinin etkisiyle kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re erken ba\u015flar.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 3\u00b0C – 6\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : -12\u00b0C\u2019den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 :21\u00b0C – 22\u00b0C
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 400 \u2013 600 mm<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Anadolu Tipi (Yazlar\u0131 Kurak Tip)<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgenin \u00c7ukurda kalan alanlar\u0131nda (Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat, Orta ve Yukar\u0131 Murat B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri) k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 biraz daha y\u00fcksektir. Ancak \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu tipine g\u00f6re k\u0131\u015flar sert ge\u00e7er.
\n \u0130lkbahar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 belirgindir.
\n Yazlar daha s\u0131cak ve kurak ge\u00e7er.
\n Bu iklim tipi y\u00fckseltisi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131nda ve akarsularca derin yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vadi tabanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : 12\u00b0C \u2013 12\u00b0C
\n Ocak ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 : -8\u00b0C
\n Temmuz ay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 :25\u00b0C den y\u00fcksek
\n Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 : 300 \u2013 500 mm<\/p>\n
Karasal \u0130klimin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
\u0130lkbahar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ye\u015feren, yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile fazla boy atmadan sararan ve step (bozk\u0131r) ad\u0131 verilen bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc geni\u015f yer kaplar. Step alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc antropojendir.
\n Y\u00fcksek yerlerde yer yer i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan olu\u015fan ormanlar bulunur. Da\u011f doruklar\u0131na yak\u0131n yerlerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k nedeniyle da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Antropojen Step (Bozk\u0131r) : A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n tahrip edildi\u011fi alanlarda geli\u015fen steplere antropojen step (bozk\u0131r) ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin \u0130nsan ve \u00c7evre \u00dczerindeki Etkileri<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, ekonomik etkinliklerini belirleyen en \u00f6nemli etken iklimdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne Etkisi<\/p>\n
Bir b\u00f6lgede orman\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi do\u011frudan iklimin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Orman\u0131n yataydaki (enleme ba\u011fl\u0131) ve dikeydeki (y\u00fckseltiye ba\u011fl\u0131) \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k belirler. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ise orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen \u00f6nemli bir iklim eleman\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 orman\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fczerinde etkindir. Bir yerde bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcndeki \u00e7e\u015fitlilik de iklim elemanlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Tar\u0131m Ko\u015fullar\u0131na Etkisi<\/p>\n
Bir b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ko\u015fullar\u0131 tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, sulamaya duyulan gereksinimi etkilemektedir.Yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirgin oldu\u011fu bir yerde sulamaya duyulan gereksinim fazlad\u0131r. Buna kurakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 denir.
\n Tar\u0131msal etkinlikleri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran di\u011fer bir etken de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.
\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k kutuplara do\u011fru ve y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fer. Belli bir yerden sonra tar\u0131msal etkinlik sona erer. Ancak, baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 kutuplara daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Tar\u0131m\u0131n y\u00fckselti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, tropikal ku\u015fakta 4000 m, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2000 m civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Toprak Olu\u015fumuna Etkisi<\/p>\n
Bir b\u00f6lgedeki topra\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc, olu\u015fum s\u00fcresi ve derinli\u011fi iklimle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. De\u011fi\u015fik iklim b\u00f6lgelerindeki topraklar birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin nemli bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve y\u00fczey sular\u0131 ile topra\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7indeki kire\u00e7 ve mineraller y\u0131kan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6llerde ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle topraktaki y\u0131kanma minimum d\u00fczeydedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Kara ve Deniz Sular\u0131na Etkisi<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin, karalardaki sular\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkisi vard\u0131r. Akarsular, g\u00f6ller, yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131 ve kaynaklardan olu\u015fan kara sular\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri ile su potansiyelleri iklimle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. \u0130klim, ak\u0131nt\u0131lar, denizlerin su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tuzluluk oran\u0131 \u00fczerinde de etkilidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Yer \u015fekillerine Etkisi<\/p>\n
Bir b\u00f6lgede etkili olan d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler (akarsular, buzullar, r\u00fczgarlar) b\u00f6lgenin iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.
\n \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de akarsular\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yer \u015fekilleri yayg\u0131nken, \u0130sve\u00e7, Norve\u00e7 gibi so\u011fuk enlemlerdeki \u00fclkelerde buzul \u015fekilleri yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin N\u00fcfus ve Yerle\u015fmeler \u00dczerine Etkisi<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iklimin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. N\u00fcfusun yatay da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerin Orta Ku\u015fak\u2019ta topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cak ve kurak \u00e7\u00f6ller ile kutuplarda n\u00fcfus yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Yerle\u015fmelerin dikey da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise y\u00fckseltiye ve denize olan uzakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca n\u00fcfusa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fmelerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de iklimle ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Konut Tiplerine Etkisi<\/p>\n
Bir yerin iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile konut tipleri ve yap\u0131 malzemesi aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkin oldu\u011fu yerlerde evler dik \u00e7at\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, s\u0131cak ve kurak iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n etkin oldu\u011fu yerlerde kal\u0131n duvarl\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pencereli ve d\u00fcz \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kent yerle\u015fmelerinde ise yap\u0131la\u015fma, iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimin Turizme Etkisi<\/p>\n
Y\u0131l boyunca s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygun oldu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri deniz turizminin geli\u015fti\u011fi yerlerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Akdeniz\u2019e k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde deniz turizmi \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n Ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek da\u011flarda ve y\u00fcksek enlemlerdeki kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan k\u0131\u015f turizmi de iklimin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : \u0130klim \u00f6zellikleri benzer b\u00f6lgelerde;
\n do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc,
\n tar\u0131msal etkinlikler,
\n akarsu rejimleri,
\n konut tipleri ve yap\u0131 malzemesi,
\n turizm etkinlikleri,
\n insanlar\u0131n gereksinimleri (giyim beslenme) benzer \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnya\u2019da G\u00f6r\u00fclen \u0130klim Tipleri Bir yerde benzer s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7, r\u00fczgar, nemlilik ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinin uzun s\u00fcre etkili olmas\u0131yla iklim tipleri belirmektedir. \u0130klimi olu\u015fturan bu \u00f6\u011felerden birinin ya da ikisinin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fik iklim tiplerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur. D\u00fcnya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen iklimler, s\u0131cak ku\u015fak iklimleri, \u0131l\u0131man ku\u015fak iklimleri ve so\u011fuk ku\u015fak iklimleri olarak \u00fc\u00f6\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2790,10749,3778,3769,3773,10746,2789,2791,3774,10748,3776,10745,2972,3771,10747,3779],"class_list":["post-5078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akdeniz-iklimi","tag-akdeniz-ikliminin-ozellikleri","tag-col-iklimi","tag-dunyada-iklim-ve-dogal-bitki-ortusu","tag-ekvatoral-iklim","tag-iliman-kusak-iklimleri","tag-karadeniz-iklimi","tag-karasal-iklim","tag-konveksiyonel-yagis","tag-kutup-iklimi","tag-muson-iklimi","tag-ormanalti-florasi","tag-savan","tag-sicak-kusak-iklimleri","tag-tundra-iklimi","tag-vaha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5078\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}