Y\u00fczey sular\u0131n\u0131n yer alt\u0131na s\u0131zarak tabakalar aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklarda ya da ge\u00e7irimsiz tabaka \u00fcst\u00fcndeki ge\u00e7irimli tabakada birikmesine yer alt\u0131 suyu denir. S\u0131zma olay\u0131 sonucu yer alt\u0131nda depolanan bu sular\u0131n yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere ise kaynak denir. Kaynak sular\u0131, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u0131l\u0131k, yaz\u0131n so\u011fuk olurlar. Ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar i\u00e7mesuyu sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fczeysel sulara oranla daha temiz olan yer alt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, gittik\u00e7e y\u00fczeysel su kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fczeysel su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artan bir h\u0131zla evsel, tar\u0131msal ve \u00f6zellikle end\u00fcstri at\u0131klar\u0131 ile kirletildi\u011fi, bunun sonucunda da halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehdit edildi\u011fi, ekolojik dengenin bozuldu\u011fu ve sular\u0131n ekonomik de\u011ferinin yitirildi\u011fi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. Bu da y\u00fczeysel su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in gerekli ar\u0131tma masraflar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n
Vali \u00c7e\u015fmesi (Cankurtaran), Kocap\u0131nar (Honaz), De\u011firmen\u00f6n\u00fc (Ye\u015filk\u00f6y), Kestane deresi (Buldan, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fc, I\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, G\u00fcrp\u0131nar (\u00c7ivril), G\u00fcney suyu, Akg\u00f6z p\u0131nar\u0131 (I\u015f\u0131kl\u0131), G\u00f6z ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan sular (Honaz), K\u0131rkp\u0131nar (Karahisar-Tavas).<\/p>\n
Daha 1960-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda il merkezinde akmakta olan, Yenimahalle semtinde Akp\u0131nar (E\u011fitim Fak. bat\u0131s\u0131), Benli p\u0131nar\u0131 (E\u011fitim Fak. do\u011fusu), Muttas\u0131p p\u0131nar\u0131 (K\u0131br\u0131s \u015eehitleri Cad.) ayr\u0131ca Ku\u015fp\u0131nar, Ba\u015fp\u0131nar (Askeri Gazino’nun kuzeybat\u0131), F\u0131nd\u0131ksuyu (\u00c7aml\u0131k-At\u0131\u015f Poligonu aras\u0131), Kozp\u0131nar (Zeytink\u00f6y bat\u0131s\u0131) gibi kaynaklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kent i\u00e7me suyu \u015febekesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 az da olsa ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131m s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte, piknik yeri olarak faydalan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kaynak sulan \u00fczerinde de k\u00fclt\u00fcr bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 amac\u0131yla tesisler kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bolu’da bilhassa D\u00fczce ve Bolu ovalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen da\u011flar ormanca zengin olup ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n topra\u011fa kolayca s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak yer alt\u0131 su tabakas\u0131n\u0131n zenginle\u015fmesini sa\u011flarlar. Bu sulardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 diplere kaymadan yama\u00e7lar boyunca y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7e\u015fitli tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131 ve p\u0131narlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n sular fayl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde toplanm\u0131\u015fsa altta ma\u011fmadan gelen k\u0131zg\u0131n gazlar\u0131n etkisi ile \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r ve baz\u0131 mineralleri eriterek b\u00fcnyelerine al\u0131p yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karlar. bu durumda s\u0131cak su kaynaklar\u0131 ile maden sular\u0131 olu\u015fur. Bolu’da da maden sular\u0131na rastlan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc arazi tektonik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ve faylarla par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Maden sular\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n a) \u00d6merler Maden Suyu: Bolu’ya 16 km. Abant yolu \u00fczerindedir. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 14o dir. Bile\u015fiminde kalsiyum bikarbonat ve magnezyum yer al\u0131r. Radyoaktivitesi 6,4 olup mide ve b\u00f6brek rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na iyi gelir. Modern \u015fi\u015feleme tesisleri ile \u00e7evre illere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
b) Akkaya Maden Suyu: Bolu’ya 6 km. mesafede bir tepeden \u00e7\u0131kar. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20o olup karbonik asit bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. Su, tara\u00e7al\u0131 bir y\u00fczeyden akarken i\u00e7indeki karbon gaz\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7mas\u0131 ile eriyik halindeki kire\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karak dalga dalga traverten \u00f6rt\u00fcler olu\u015fturmakta ve \u00fcnl\u00fc Pamukkale’ ye benzeyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
c) Kapl\u0131ca yolu \u00fczerinde Bolu taraf\u0131nda birka\u00e7 yerden \u00e7\u0131kar. Bol k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve hidrojeni ihtiva eder. \u0130\u00e7ilmesi tavsiye edilmez. Berk K\u00f6y\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kan maden suyundan ac\u0131 su bazlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ekmek hamurunu kabartmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hidrokarbonat\u00e7a zengin ve kalevidir. Radyoaktivitesi 6,8 dir. <\/p>\n
d) K\u0131n\u0131k Maden Suyu: K\u00f6y yolu \u00fczerinde soldad\u0131r. Fazla kullan\u0131lmaz radyoaktivitesi 2,5 olup ekonomik de\u011feri pek yoktur. <\/p>\n
Yer Alt\u0131 Sular\u0131n\u0131n Beslenmesinde Etkili Olan Fakt\u00f6rler <\/p>\n
1) Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131, <\/p>\n
2) Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc (Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile beslenme fazla olur.) <\/p>\n
3) Zeminin ge\u00e7irimlili\u011fi ( al\u00fcvyal ve karstik alanlarda ge\u00e7irimlilik fazlad\u0131r). <\/p>\n
4) Arazinin e\u011fimi :e\u011fimin az oldu\u011fu alanlarda beslenme daha fazlad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
5) Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: Y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131m\u0131 engelledi\u011fi i\u00e7in. <\/p>\n
Taban Suyu: Al\u00fcvyal ovalar\u0131n taban\u0131nda bulunurlar. Altta ge\u00e7irimsiz tabaka ile<\/p>\n
s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7irimli tabaka \u00fczerinde biriken sulard\u0131r. Beslenme durumuna g\u00f6re taban sular\u0131 bazen y\u00fczeye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Yer alt\u0131 su seviyesinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu alanlarda ise
\n kuyu a\u00e7mak suretiyle bu sulardan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye taban sular\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. \u00d6r: Ege B\u00f6lgesinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131, Konya,Kayseri, Erzurum, Erzincan, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Bursa, Adapazar\u0131 gibi. <\/p>\n
KAYNAKLAR<\/p>\n
Yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n tekrar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere kaynak denir. <\/p>\n
Sular\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00f6re Kaynaklar 2 Grupta \u0130ncelenebilir: <\/p>\n
A-SO\u011eUK SU KAYNAKLARI: <\/p>\n
Sular\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarla yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden al\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n
Sular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ak\u0131mlar\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca de\u011fi\u015fir. <\/p>\n
1)Tabaka Kayna\u011f\u0131 (yama\u00e7): Ge\u00e7irimli tabaklar\u0131n u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131ndan sular\u0131n y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. <\/p>\n
2)Vadi Kayna\u011f\u0131: Vadi tabanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kaynaklard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
3)Karstik Kaynak (Vokl\u00fcz): Kalkerli arazilerde yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan kaynaklard\u0131r. En fazla Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6r: D\u00fcden suyu <\/p>\n
Bu kaynaklar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi sular\u0131n\u0131n bol miktarda kire\u00e7 i\u00e7ermesidir. <\/p>\n
4)Artezyen Kayna\u011f\u0131: Tekne bi\u00e7imindeki iki ge\u00e7irimsiz tabaka aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7irimli*
\n tabakaya a\u00e7\u0131lan bir sondaj ile sular\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrerek yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer*
\n kaynaklardan ayr\u0131lan yan\u0131 be\u015feri fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. * <\/p>\n
B-SICAK SU KAYNAKLARI
\n Sular\u0131n\u0131 ma\u011fmaya yak\u0131n alanlardan al\u0131rlar.
\n Sular\u0131 geldi\u011fi derinli\u011fe g\u00f6re s\u0131cak veya \u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.
\n Sular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Ak\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olmaz.
\n Bol miktarda eriyik madde i\u00e7erir. <\/p>\n
1)Fay Kayna\u011f\u0131: Fay hatt\u0131 boyunca yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan kaynaklard\u0131r. Halk aras\u0131nda bu*
\n kaynaklara \u0131l\u0131ca, kapl\u0131ca,\u00e7ermik, i\u00e7me ve maden sular\u0131 denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6r: Manisa (Kur\u015funlu, Urganl\u0131, Ala\u015fehir, Demirci), Denizli (Pamukkale, Karahay\u0131t,
\n Sarayk\u00f6y, Buldan), K\u00fctahya (Simav),Bal\u0131kesir (Edremit, G\u00f6nen), Sivas (Bal\u0131kl\u0131 \u00c7ermik)*
\n gibi merkezlerde vard\u0131r. Bu yerlerin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi yer yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. <\/p>\n
2)Gayzer Kayna\u011f\u0131: Etkin haldeki volkan da\u011flar\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fik aral\u0131klarla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrerek \u00e7\u0131kan kaynaklard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6rneklerine rastlanmaz. *<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u00fczey sular\u0131n\u0131n yer alt\u0131na s\u0131zarak tabakalar aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklarda ya da ge\u00e7irimsiz tabaka \u00fcst\u00fcndeki ge\u00e7irimli tabakada birikmesine yer alt\u0131 suyu denir. S\u0131zma olay\u0131 sonucu yer alt\u0131nda depolanan bu sular\u0131n yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere ise kaynak denir. Kaynak sular\u0131, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u0131l\u0131k, yaz\u0131n so\u011fuk olurlar. Ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar i\u00e7mesuyu sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle yer alt\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[4197,10761,10762,10763,4199,4196,4194],"class_list":["post-5090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akkaya-maden-suyu","tag-artezyen-kaynagi","tag-fay-kaynagi","tag-gayzer-kaynagi","tag-kinik-maden-suyu","tag-omerler-maden-suyu","tag-yer-alti-su-kaynaklari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5090\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}