Depremlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden yakla\u015f\u0131k 12km derinliklere kadar uzanan elastik k\u0131s\u0131mda \u00fcst kabuk i\u00e7inde meydana gelmektedir. Bu derinlikten daha derinliklerde s\u0131cakl\u0131k 400 derecenin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme hareketi depremsiz, krip denilen yava\u015f plastik \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirme enerjisi \u015feklinde yutulur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k elastik \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mda ise her y\u0131l birka\u00e7 cm’lik yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme y\u00fczy\u0131llarca birikerek birka\u00e7 metre birden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremle meydana gelmektedir. Depremler s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilk k\u0131r\u0131lma ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu elastik alan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda meydana geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Deprem yer i\u00e7inde fay olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131r\u0131klar \u00fczerinde biriken bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirme enerjisinin aniden bo\u015falmas\u0131 sonucunda meydana gelen yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme hareketinin neden oldu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k elastik dalga hareketleridir. Bu yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme miktar\u0131 depremin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olup \u00f6zellikle s\u0131\u011f depremlerde belli bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckten sonra faylanma ile ilgili k\u0131r\u0131klar yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Faylanma Teorisi<\/p>\n
A) \u0130ki y\u00f6nden s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kaya<\/p>\n
B) Bu kuvvet alt\u0131nda kayan\u0131n zamanla \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi<\/p>\n
C) Kaya aniden k\u0131r\u0131larak fay olu\u015fur ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan enerji deprem dalgalar\u0131 halinde yay\u0131l\u0131r. Hareket yatay oldu\u011fu gibi d\u00fc\u015fey de olabilir. K\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n oldu\u011fu noktaya “Odak” (i\u00e7 merkez) denir. Odak noktas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fey olarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcne rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktaya “Episantr” (d\u0131\u015f merkez) denir.<\/p>\n
Fay \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/p>\n
Normal faylanma genelde yerkabu\u011funun yatay \u00e7ekme kuvveti sonucu olu\u015fur. Ters faylanma bas\u0131n\u00e7 kuvveti sonucu olu\u015fur. Yatay s\u0131y\u0131rmal\u0131 faylanmada, bloklar birbirlerine nazaran yatay hareket yaparlar. Yatay faylanama hareketinin sa\u011f veya sol at\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu faya \u00fcsten bak\u0131larak anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u00dcstten bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, relatif yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme sa\u011fa do\u011fru ise sa\u011f at\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131, sola do\u011fru ise sol at\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Normal faylanma aras\u0131ndaki blok \u00e7\u00f6kerse buna “Graben” (\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc) denir. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 normal faylanma aras\u0131nda bir y\u00fckselti blo\u011fu kal\u0131rsa buna “Horst” (y\u00fckselti) denir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Depremlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden yakla\u015f\u0131k 12km derinliklere kadar uzanan elastik k\u0131s\u0131mda \u00fcst kabuk i\u00e7inde meydana gelmektedir. Bu derinlikten daha derinliklerde s\u0131cakl\u0131k 400 derecenin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme hareketi depremsiz, krip denilen yava\u015f plastik \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirme enerjisi \u015feklinde yutulur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k elastik \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mda ise her y\u0131l birka\u00e7 cm’lik yerde\u011fi\u015ftirme y\u00fczy\u0131llarca birikerek birka\u00e7 metre birden …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10794,10796,10795],"class_list":["post-5116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-deprem-olusumu","tag-fay-cesitleri","tag-faylanma-teorisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5116\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}