Beylikler D\u00f6nemi <\/p>\n
Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 (1256-1487) <\/p>\n
O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Af\u015far boyuna mensuptular. Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 I.Alaaddin Keykubad taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u00e7-\u0130l’e yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdi. Nure Sof\u0131’dan sonra o\u011flu Karaman Bey, Af\u015farlar\u0131n lideri olmu\u015f ve kurulan beylik onun ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1256’da Ermenek taraf\u0131nda kurulan beylik Mo\u011follara ve Sel\u00e7uklulara kar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z m\u00fccadelelere giri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Karamano\u011flu Mehmet Bey, Sel\u00e7uklulara isyan eden Hatiro\u011flu ve \u015eehzade Cimri ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f; Sel\u00e7uklular’\u0131n elinden Konya’y\u0131 alarak, Cimri’yi (Siyavu\u015f) tahta oturtmu\u015f idi. Mehmet Bey, Fars\u00e7a konu\u015fan devlet adamlar\u0131na ve Mo\u011follara tepkisini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi resm\u00ee dil il\u00e2n etmesiyle tan\u0131n\u0131r.\u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer beylikler ve \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131larla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk Osmanl\u0131-Karaman m\u00fccadelesi Alaaddin Ali Bey zaman\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f (1361) ve beyli\u011fin sonuna kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. Fatih taraf\u0131ndan kesin olarak itaat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 (1473), daha sonra olu\u015fturulan Karaman Eyaleti ile merkeze ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1487).
\nKaramano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc rakibi idi. Kendilerini, Sel\u00e7uklular’\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmekteydiler. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Timur, Meml\u00fbkluler ve Bizans ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015flerdir. Karamano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk tarihindeki yeri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Onlar her d\u00f6nemde h\u00fcrriyet ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembol\u00fc oldular. Anadolu’nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesine ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesine hizmet ettiler. Ermenek, Konya, Karaman, Ni\u011fde vb. \u015fehirleri b\u00fcy\u00fck eserlerle \u00e2deta s\u00fcslemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 (1300-1429) <\/p>\n
Germiyan T\u00fcrkmenleri \u00f6nceleri Malatya civar\u0131nda iken, 1.nci Alaaddin Keykubad zaman\u0131nda K\u00fctahya havalisine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir . Germiyan a\u015firetinin reisi Ali\u015fir Bey ve o\u011fullar\u0131 Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n hizmetinde bulunmu\u015ftur. 1.nci Yakup Bey zaman\u0131nda K\u00fctahya merkez olmak \u00fczere Kula, Simav ve Denizli \u00e7evresinde Germiyan Beyli\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur (1300). 1.nci Yakup Bey zaman\u0131nda Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Ege’ye kadar geni\u015fletmi\u015f; Bizans’\u0131 vergiye ba\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1.nci Yakup Bey’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131, Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 gibi yeni beylikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Germiyan Beyleri, Osmanl\u0131larla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Germiyan Beyi S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Devlet\u015fah Hatun, \u015fehzade Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid ile evlenmi\u015f; \u00e7eyiz olarak Simav, Emet ve Tav\u015fanl\u0131 ve \u00e7evresi Osmanl\u0131lara b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 1.nci Murad’\u0131n Kosova’da \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00fczerine 2.nci Yakup Bey anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozdu. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid bunun \u00fczerine kay\u0131n pederini hapsederek \u00fclkesini topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131 (1390) . Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’nda yenilmesinden sonra Timur, di\u011fer beylikler gibi, Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fini de tekrar canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(1402). 2.nci Yakup Bey yeniden beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7tiyse de, yerine ge\u00e7ecek evl\u00e2d\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00fclkesini Osmanl\u0131lara vasiyet etti. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Germiyan Beyli\u011fi Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ilhak edildi (1429). Bat\u0131 Anadolu’nun \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden olan K\u00fctahya, sonralar\u0131 Anadolu Eyaletinin merkezi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Saruhano\u011fullar\u0131 (1300-1410) <\/p>\n
Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 komutanlar\u0131ndan Saruhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Merkezi Manisa olan beyli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Menemen, Fo\u00e7a ve Kemalpa\u015fa (Nif) da bulunmaktayd\u0131. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid i\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc beyli\u011fe son verdi. Manisa Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fehzade sanca\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 (1390). Fetret devri esnas\u0131nda tekrar canlanmak isteyen beyli\u011fi, \u00c7elebi Mehmet kesin olarak ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131 (1410).<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 (1308-1426) <\/p>\n
Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan (ordu komutan\u0131) Ayd\u0131n o\u011flu Mehmet Bey taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Merkezi Birgi olmak \u00fczere Ayd\u0131n, \u0130zmir ve Manisa \u00e7evresine h\u00e2kim olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Mehmet Bey’den sonra ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en Gazi Umur Bey zaman\u0131, beyli\u011fin en parlak devridir. Kuvvetli bir donanma kuran Umur Bey, Ege adalar\u0131na seferler yapm\u0131\u015f, \u0130zmir’i ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f idi (1328). Ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi \u0130zmir’i tekrar ku\u015fatt\u0131ysa da bu sava\u015fta \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc (1347). Umur Bey’den sonra Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirdi . Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, Karamanl\u0131lar\u0131n kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyli\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine ald\u0131(1390). Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra \u0130zmiro\u011flu C\u00fcneyt Bey, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n fetret devri m\u00fccadelelerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Nihayet 2.nci Murat taraf\u0131ndan beyli\u011fe son verildi (1426).<\/p>\n
Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 (1293–1359) <\/p>\n
Karesi Beyli\u011fi’nin kurucusu, Melik Dani\u015fment Gazi’nin soyundan gelen Kalem Bey o\u011flu Karesi Bey’dir. Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan Bizans ucuna yerle\u015ftirilen bu beyler, Germiyanl\u0131larla beraber fetihlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bal\u0131kesir ve \u00e7evresininin Bizans’tan al\u0131nmas\u0131yla beylik kurulmu\u015ftur. 1302 tarihinden itibaren ele ge\u00e7irilen Bergama, Edremit, Susurluk gibi b\u00f6lgenin m\u00fchim yerle\u015fmelerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrkmen yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Karesi Bey’in o\u011fullar\u0131 Demirhan ve Yah\u015fi Bey, beyli\u011fi Edremit ve Bal\u0131kesir olmak \u00fczere iki kol h\u00e2linde y\u00f6netmi\u015flerdir. K\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olan beylik Orhan Bey taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1359). Hac\u0131 \u0130l Bey, Evrenos Bey gibi beyli\u011fin ileri gelenleri Osmanl\u0131lara kat\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131 (1282-1424) <\/p>\n
Antalya’dan gemilerle Mu\u011fla k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrkmenler, Mente\u015fe Bey isimli uc beyi liderli\u011finde Denizli’ye kadar olan b\u00f6lgeleri fethetmi\u015flerdi. Mu\u011fla ve Ayd\u0131n’\u0131n fethiyle beylik kurulmu\u015f oluyordu (1282). Milas, Fethiye, Denizli b\u00f6lgelerinin de al\u0131nmas\u0131yla Mesut Bey zaman\u0131nda Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131 en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1310). Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, \u00fcnl\u00fc Bat\u0131 Anadolu seferiyle bu beyli\u011fe de son vermi\u015ftir (1390). Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131 ile yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan beylik, Mente\u015feo\u011flu \u0130lyas Bey’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine girdi (1424). Fatih zaman\u0131nda kesin olarak beyli\u011fe son verildi(1451). Denizcilikte ileri giden Mente\u015feo\u011fullar\u0131, G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 Anadolu’nun ve sahillerin T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hamito\u011fullar\u0131 (1280-1423) <\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n bat\u0131daki uc beylerinden Hamito\u011flu \u0130lyas Bey, beraberindeki T\u00fcrkmenlerle, Antalya ve G\u00f6ller B\u00f6lgesinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. \u0130lyas Bey’in o\u011flu D\u00fcndar Bey , \u00f6nce Uluborlu, sonra da E\u011fridir merkez olmak \u00fczere dedesi Hamit Bey’in ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan beyli\u011fi kurmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra beylik Antalya ve E\u011fridir \u015fubeleri olmak \u00fczere iki kola ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u011fridir kolunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en D\u00fcndar Bey, \u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1.nci Murat’\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131yla, Hamit Beyi H\u00fcseyin Bey Ak\u015fehir, Bey\u015fehir, Seydi\u015fehir ve Yalva\u00e7’\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara satmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1374). Tekeo\u011fullar\u0131 ad\u0131yla da bilinen Antalya koluna ise, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid taraf\u0131ndan son verilmi\u015ftir (1391). Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lan beylik, 1423′ de kesin olarak Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Sahibatao\u011fullar\u0131 (1288-1342) <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu veziri Sahib Ata’n\u0131n (Fahreddin Ali) ikt\u00e2’\u0131 olan Afyonkarahisar ve \u00e7evresinde, o\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Sahib Ata’n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi beyli\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir (1288). Nusret\u00fcddin Ahmet (\u0130bni Sahib)’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle, beylik, Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ilhak edilmi\u015ftir (1342) .<\/p>\n
E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 (1280-1326) <\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklu uc beylerinden olan E\u015frefo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Bey taraf\u0131ndan Bey\u015fehir ve Seydi\u015fehir taraflar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur . \u0130lk merkezleri Gurgurum iken daha sonra Bey\u015fehri merkez yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcleyman Bey’in yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu Mehmet Bey, Ak\u015fehir ve Bolvadin taraflar\u0131n\u0131 da ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.\u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu valisi Timurta\u015f Bey, 1326 y\u0131l\u0131nda beyli\u011fe son vermi\u015ftir. E\u015frefo\u011fullar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda Bey\u015fehir ve \u00e7evresi imar edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Canik Beylikleri <\/p>\n
Samsun, Giresun, Ordu, Niksar’\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine Canik ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Canik b\u00f6lgesi daha \u00e7ok O\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u00c7epni boyu taraf\u0131ndan isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lma devrinde, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ailelerden gelen beyler Canik Beylikleri ad\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2kimiyet kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bayramo\u011fullar\u0131, Kubado\u011fullar\u0131, Ta\u015fano\u011fullar\u0131, Taceddino\u011fullar\u0131 bunlardan en \u00f6nemlileridir. Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Ahmet ve Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleye sahne olan bu b\u00f6lge 2.nci Murad devrinde kesin olarak Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015ftir (1427).<\/p>\n
Taceddino\u011fullar\u0131 (1378-1428) <\/p>\n
N\u00fcfuzlu bir bey oldu\u011fu bilinen Emir Taceddin beyli\u011fin kurucusudur. Beyli\u011fin merkezi Niksar olup , Bafra ve Ordu’ya kadar s\u0131n\u0131rlar uzanmaktayd\u0131 . Emir Taceddin, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar b\u00f6lgenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletini kuran Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin ile m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir (1387). Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin Niksar’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011finde Taceddin’in o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 yerinde b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Taceddino\u011fullar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131lar. Taceddino\u011fullar\u0131’n\u0131n son beyi Mahmut, \u00fclkeyi Osmanl\u0131lara b\u0131rakmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece beylik tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1428 ).<\/p>\n
Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 (1292-1461) <\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklu Beylerinden \u015eemseddin Yaman Candar, beyli\u011fin kurucusudur. Bir hizmetine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u0130lhanl\u0131lar, Kastamonu ve \u00e7evresini kendisine vermi\u015f; b\u00f6ylece beyli\u011fin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra Sinop’un da al\u0131nmas\u0131yla beylik iki kola ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sinop kolunda \u0130sfendiyar Bey bulunuyordu. Osmanl\u0131lar bu sebeple beyli\u011fe \u0130sfendiyar Beyli\u011fi de demi\u015flerdir. Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131, Samsun ve Bafra beyli\u011fe dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Fatih, Trabzon seferi esnas\u0131nda bu beyli\u011fe son vermi\u015ftir ( 1461). Ayr\u0131ca Sinop ve \u00c7evresinde Pervaneo\u011fullar\u0131, Kastamonu civar\u0131nda \u00c7obano\u011fullar\u0131 ve Ankara’da Ahiler k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli h\u00e2kimiyetler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Beylikler D\u00f6nemi Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 (1256-1487) O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Af\u015far boyuna mensuptular. Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 I.Alaaddin Keykubad taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u00e7-\u0130l’e yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdi. Nure Sof\u0131’dan sonra o\u011flu Karaman Bey, Af\u015farlar\u0131n lideri olmu\u015f ve kurulan beylik onun ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1256’da Ermenek taraf\u0131nda kurulan beylik Mo\u011follara ve Sel\u00e7uklulara kar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z m\u00fccadelelere giri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Karamano\u011flu Mehmet Bey, Sel\u00e7uklulara isyan eden Hatiro\u011flu ve \u015eehzade Cimri ile i\u015f birli\u011fi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1464,1731,1463,1734,1462,1733,266,1732],"class_list":["post-512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-aydinogullari","tag-beylikler-donemi","tag-germiyanogullari","tag-hamitogullari","tag-karamanogullari","tag-menteseogullari","tag-mogollar","tag-saruhanogullari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}