S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli bir alanda ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131na N\u00fcfus denir. N\u00fcfus, bir \u00fclkenin \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketiminin artmas\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca ekonomik geli\u015fmesinde etkili olmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfus co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca konular \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n \uf0de N\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131
\n \uf0de N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n \uf0de N\u00fcfusun fiziki yap\u0131s\u0131
\n \uf0de N\u00fcfus hareketleri
\n \uf0de N\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fimi
\n \uf0de N\u00fcfusun ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri
\n N\u00fcfus co\u011frafyas\u0131 bu bilgileri daha \u00e7ok n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131ndan, do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fcm ve g\u00f6\u00e7 gibi olaylar\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan elde eder.
\n N\u00fcfusun \u00f6zellikleri, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, n\u00fcfus hareketleri ve n\u00fcfus olaylar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131na Demografya (Demografi) denir. <\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE N\u00dcFUS VE N\u00dcFUS SAYIMLARI:<\/p>\n
Bir yerdeki insan say\u0131s\u0131, insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve zaman i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fiklik, n\u00fcfus hareketleri ve n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu co\u011frafya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00dclke kalk\u0131nmas\u0131nda tutarl\u0131 kararlar\u0131n verilebilmesi i\u00e7in eldeki mevcut insan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi gerekir. Bir \u00fclkedeki n\u00fcfusun e\u011fitim durumu, ekonomik faaliyet kollar\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re durumu vb \u00f6zellikler bilinmezse do\u011fru bir planlama yap\u0131lamaz ve \u00fclke kalk\u0131nmas\u0131nda gerekli olan kararlar al\u0131namaz. Bu bilgilerde ancak n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131yla elde edilir.
\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u01311927 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kincisi 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda, daha sonra her 5 y\u0131lda bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990 dan sonra al\u0131nan kararla her 10 y\u0131lda bir say\u0131m yap\u0131lacakt\u0131. Ancak 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda se\u00e7men ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden dolay\u0131 tekrar say\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131. Son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 ise 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
N\u00dcFUS SAYIMI YAPILMASININ SEBEPLER\u0130:<\/p>\n
1. N\u00fcfusun miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek.
\n 2. N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek.
\n 3. N\u00fcfusun ya\u015f , cinsiyet durumunu,
\n 4. K\u00f6y-kent n\u00fcfusunu,
\n 5. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131,
\n 6. E\u011fitim durumunu,
\n 7. \u0130\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek .
\n 8. Asker \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndakileri ve se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek gibi sebeplerle say\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
NOT:N\u00fcfusu en fazla olan b\u00f6lgemiz Marmara, en az olan b\u00f6lgemiz Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesidir (1997).
\n NOT\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde n\u00fcfusu en fazla olan k\u0131ta Asya, en az olan k\u0131ta Avustralya (Okyanusya) k\u0131tas\u0131d\u0131r. Antarktika k\u0131tas\u0131nda ise yerle\u015fik hayat yoktur.
\n N\u00dcFUSUN DA\u011eILI\u015eINDA ETK\u0130L\u0130 FAKT\u00d6RLER:<\/p>\n
1.\u0130KL\u0130M : \u00c7ok s\u0131cak ve \u00e7ok so\u011fuk iklimler seyrek n\u00fcfusludur. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n fazla , k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7ti\u011fi iklim b\u00f6lgeleri s\u0131k n\u00fcfusludur. \u00d6rnek ; kutup b\u00f6lgeleri , \u00e7\u00f6l b\u00f6lgeleri ve Ekvatorda 1000 m.\u2019nin alt\u0131ndaki yerler (y\u00fcksek nem ve s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan) seyrek n\u00fcfusludur.
\n 2.YER \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130: iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 elveri\u015fli olsa bile da\u011fl\u0131k kesimler seyrek n\u00fcfuslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6r. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde Alp-Himalaya da\u011flar\u0131, Yurdumuzda ise Mente\u015fe y\u00f6resi, Ta\u015feli platosu, Teke yar\u0131madas\u0131 Toroslar gibi.<\/p>\n
3.SU \u0130MKANI : Akarsu \u00e7evreleri su imkan\u0131 ve verimli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u0131k n\u00fcfusludur. Bu genellemeye Ekvatoral b\u00f6lge akarsular\u0131 (Amazon, Kongo) ve Kutup iklim b\u00f6lgesindeki akarsular uymaz. Ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede y\u00fcksek nem ve s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan, kutuplarda ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 n\u00fcfus seyrektir. S\u0131k n\u00fcfuslu akarsu havzalar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olarak; \u0130ndus, Ganj, F\u0131rat-Dicle, Nil g\u00f6sterilebilir. <\/p>\n
4.SANAY\u0130: Sanayi nin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu yerler i\u015f imkan\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u0131k n\u00fcfusludur. \u00d6r.\u0130stanbul , Bursa, \u0130zmir, Adana gibi. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ise Japonya, Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ve A.B.D\u2019nin do\u011fusu sanayiden dolay\u0131 s\u0131k n\u00fcfusludur. <\/p>\n
5.TARIM : Tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu yerler s\u0131k n\u00fcfusludur. \u00d6r. Akhisar, \u00c7ukurova, Bafra ,\u00c7ar\u015famba gibi. <\/p>\n
6.ULA\u015eIM :Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu yerlerde ticarette geli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u0131k n\u00fcfuslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
7.TUR\u0130ZM :Turizmin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu yerlerde mevsimlik te olsa n\u00fcfus artar. \u00d6rnek k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde yaz d\u00f6neminde, Bursa-Uluda\u011f, Bolu-Kartalkaya, Kayseri-Erciyes\u2019 te ise k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde n\u00fcfus artar.<\/p>\n
8.YER ALTI KAYNAKLARI: Yer alt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015flendi\u011fi yerler s\u0131k n\u00fcfusludur. \u00d6r. Soma, Ere\u011fli, Karab\u00fck, Seydi\u015fehir gibi.
\n NOT:Bir \u00fclkede n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iklim ve yer \u015fekillerine ba\u011fl\u0131 ise o \u00fclke geri kalm\u0131\u015f, iklim ve yer \u015fekillerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ise geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkedir.
\n 9.B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6RT\u00dcS\u00dc:Ormanlar\u0131n s\u0131k ve g\u00fcr oldu\u011fu alanlar seyrek n\u00fcfuslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00f6rnek Amazon-Kongo Havzalar\u0131 gibi. <\/p>\n
10. KARA VE DEN\u0130ZLER\u0130N DA\u011eILI\u015eI: D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede \u0131l\u0131man ku\u015faktad\u0131r. Sebebi karalar\u0131n geni\u015f alan kaplamas\u0131. <\/p>\n
D\u00dcNYA \u00dcZER\u0130NDEK\u0130 SIK N\u00dcFUSLU B\u00d6LGELER<\/p>\n
\uf0de Muson iklim b\u00f6lgesi (\u0130ndus, Ganj nehirleri, Japonya gibi):iklim ve sanayiden dolay\u0131.
\n \uf0de Avrupa \u00fclkeleri :Sanayinin geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131.
\n \uf0de Kuzey Afrika\u2019da Nil Nehri \u00e7evresi
\n \uf0de A.B.D\u2019nin do\u011fusu :Sanayinin geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
D\u00dcNYANIN SEYREK N\u00dcFUSLANMI\u015e B\u00d6LGELER\u0130<\/p>\n
\uf0de D\u00f6nenceler \u00e7evresindeki \u00e7\u00f6ller.
\n \uf0de Y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeler
\n \uf0de Kutup B\u00f6lgeleri
\n \uf0de Batakl\u0131klar
\n \uf0de Ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede 1000 metrenin alt\u0131ndaki alanlar.<\/p>\n
N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eI VE SONU\u00c7LARI: Bir \u00fclkede n\u00fcfus artmas\u0131nda do\u011fumlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmlerden fazla olmas\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler etkilidir. T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun artmas\u0131nda en fazla do\u011fum oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi etkilidir. Ayr\u0131ca sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerindeki geli\u015fmeler, \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin azalmas\u0131, beslenme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi ile ortalama insan \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzamas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir.
\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en az n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 1940-45 y\u0131llar\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur(%010,59). Sebebi ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun askerde olmas\u0131(seferberlik durumu) ve k\u0131tl\u0131kt\u0131r. En fazla n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 1955-60 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur (%o 28,58). Sava\u015flar\u0131n bitmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerindeki geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6sterilebilir. <\/p>\n
HIZLI N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eININ OLUMSUZ ETK\u0130LER\u0130: <\/p>\n
\uf0de T\u00fcketim artar. \u0130hracat azal\u0131r veya ithalat artar.
\n \uf0de Demografik( N\u00fcfusa yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m-yol su ,elektrik, konut, hastane, okul gibi) yat\u0131r\u0131mlar artar.
\n \uf0de Tasarruflar azal\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flar.
\n \uf0de Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen milli gelir azal\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Konut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olur. Sonu\u00e7ta gecekondula\u015fma olur.
\n \uf0de \u0130\u015fsizlik artar. \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler artar.
\n \uf0de Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 artar.
\n \uf0de \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131 artar.
\n \uf0de Bir \u00fclkede milli gelir s\u00fcrekli olarak artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ,ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen gelir ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde artm\u0131yorsa , o \u00fclkede n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 fazlad\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Bir \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ise , o \u00fclkede do\u011fum oran\u0131 y\u00fcksektir (n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 fazlad\u0131r).
\n \uf0de Bir yerde n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131 ile i\u015f imkanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir paralellik varsa , orada n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler etkilidir. <\/p>\n
HIZLI N\u00dcFUS ARTI\u015eININ OLUMLU ETK\u0130LER\u0130:<\/p>\n
\uf0de Mal ve hizmetlere talep artar.
\n \uf0de Ekonomide \u00e7e\u015fitlilik artar.
\n \uf0de \u00dclke savunmas\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 olur.
\n \uf0de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri d\u00fc\u015fer. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcretim maliyeti azal\u0131r<\/p>\n
N\u00dcFUSUN YAPISI:<\/p>\n
A- YA\u015e YAPISI:
\n 1. GEN\u00c7 N\u00dcFUS (0-14 VEYA 0-24 YA\u015e) : Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131 azd\u0131r. Do\u011fum oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in. Geri kalm\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde do\u011fum oranlar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus fazlad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde bu n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131 %55 \u2018tir. Bu n\u00fcfus ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 (t\u00fcketici) n\u00fcfustur. <\/p>\n
2. OLGUN N\u00dcFUS (15-64 VEYA 25-64 YA\u015e):\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan (etkin ) n\u00fcfustur. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bu n\u00fcfus fazla iken, di\u011ferlerinde azd\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde bu n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131 %41 dir. <\/p>\n
3. YA\u015eLI N\u00dcFUS(65 +):Gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus kadar olmasa da t\u00fcketici n\u00fcfustur. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi daha uzun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. \u00dclkemizde bu n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131 %4 t\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
B-C\u0130NS\u0130YET YAPISI: \u00dclkemizde kad\u0131n erkek n\u00fcfus genelde birbirine yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Fakat g\u00f6\u00e7 alan illerimizde erkek n\u00fcfusunda, g\u00f6\u00e7 veren illerimizde ise kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusunda bir fazlal\u0131k olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
C. E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M DURUMU: Okuma Yazma seferberlikleri ile okur yazar oran\u0131m\u0131z %90 lara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu oranda \u00fcniversite mezunlar\u0131n\u0131 oran\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. D. K\u00f6y-Kent N\u00fcfusu: 1927 y\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusumuzun %76 s\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015farken , 1990 da bu oran %41 lere d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sebebi k\u00f6yden kente olan g\u00f6\u00e7lerdir. E. Ekonomik Faaliyetlere G\u00f6re Durumu: 1927 y\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusun %82 si tar\u0131mda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ,1990 da bu oran %54 e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sebebi, tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin geli\u015fmesidir (sanayi ve kamu hizmetleri). <\/p>\n
N\u00dcFUS YO\u011eUNLU\u011eU:<\/p>\n
1. MATEMAT\u0130K(AR\u0130TMET\u0130K )N\u00dcFUS YO\u011eUNLU\u011eU:Bir \u00fclke veya b\u00f6lgedeki toplam n\u00fcfusun o \u00fclke yada b\u00f6lgenin toplam y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen say\u0131ya Aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu denir.
\n Aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu = toplam n\u00fcfus \/ y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc = ki\u015fi \/ km2<\/p>\n
\uf0de 1997 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re n\u00fcfus miktar\u0131 ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu en fazla olan b\u00f6lgemiz Marmara iken, en az olan b\u00f6lgemiz Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesidir.
\n \uf0de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin aritmetik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu = 67.844.903 \/ 774.815 = 87 ki\u015fi \/ km2\u2019dir.(2000 verileri)<\/p>\n
2.TARIMSAL N\u00dcFUS YO\u011eUNLU\u011eU:Bir \u00fclke veya b\u00f6lgede tar\u0131mla ge\u00e7inen n\u00fcfusun tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilir. Bu y\u00f6ntem ekonomisi tar\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in daha ge\u00e7erli bir y\u00f6ntemdir.
\n Tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu = Tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus \/ Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 = ki\u015fi \/ km2
\n \uf0de Tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu en fazla olan b\u00f6lgemiz Do\u011fu Anadolu, en az olan b\u00f6lgemiz \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesidir.
\n \uf0de \u00dclkemizin tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu = 24.670.000 \/ 240.000 = 103 ki\u015fi \/ km2\u2019dir.(1990 verileri)<\/p>\n
3.F\u0130ZYOLOJ\u0130K N\u00dcFUS YO\u011eUNLU\u011eU:Bir \u00fclke veya b\u00f6lgedeki toplam n\u00fcfusun tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yo\u011funlu\u011fa fizyolojik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu denir.
\n Fizyolojik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu = Toplam n\u00fcfus \/ Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 = ki\u015fi \/ km2
\n \uf0de Bir \u00fclkede tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, fizyolojik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funa yak\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorsa, o \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor demektir.
\n \uf0de \u00dclkemizin fizyolojik n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu = 67.844.903 \/ 240.000 = 282 ki\u015fi \/ km2\u2019dir.(2000 verileri)
\n YERLE\u015eME:<\/p>\n
KONUT T\u0130P\u0130NDE ETK\u0130L\u0130 FAKT\u00d6RLER:
\n \uf0de \u0130klim ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: Nemli iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde genellikle ah\u015fap evler, kurak iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde ise toprak ve kerpi\u00e7 evler vard\u0131r.\u00f6rnek ; Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde ah\u015fap , \u0130\u00e7, Do\u011fu ve G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgelerinde kerpi\u00e7 evler hakimdir.
\n \uf0de Do\u011fal \u00e7evrede en fazla bulunan yap\u0131 malzemesi
\n \uf0de Ekonomik ve sosyal yap\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenlerde konut genelde \u00e7ad\u0131rd\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Deprem b\u00f6lgeleri <\/p>\n
YERLE\u015eME T\u0130PLER\u0130:<\/p>\n
A-KIRSAL YERLE\u015eME:<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusu 3.000 \u2018e kadar olan yerle\u015fim birimleridir. Ekonomisi tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc , alt yap\u0131 hizmetleri, e\u011fitim \u2013sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir. K\u0131rsal yerle\u015fmelerde en b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fim birimi k\u00f6yd\u00fcr. K\u00f6yden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan yerle\u015fim birimleri (k\u00f6y alt\u0131 yerle\u015fmeleri) : \u00c7iftlik , mezra. Kom , divan , yayla, oba gibi adlarla adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Yayla:Yaz\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatmak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 alanlard\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Mezra:Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir arada yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmelerdir.
\n \uf0de Kom:Hayvan yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ev ve eklentileridir.
\n \uf0de A\u011f\u0131l:Koyun ve ke\u00e7i s\u00fcr\u00fclerinin gecelemesi i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bar\u0131naklard\u0131r.
\n \uf0de Oba:Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan aile ve a\u015firetlerin kurdu\u011fu ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmelerdir.
\n \uf0de Divan:Bir k\u00f6y\u00fc olu\u015fturan, birbirinden uzakta kurulmu\u015f mahallelerdir.
\n \uf0de \u00c7iftlik:Tar\u0131m arazileri i\u00e7inde ve kenar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f \u00e7iftlik evleridir.
\n \uf0de Damaha \u00e7ok hayvan yeti\u015ftirilen ge\u00e7ici yerle\u015fmelerdir.
\n \uf0de Ba\u011f evleri:Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerini geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f evlerdir.
\n \uf0de Dalyaneniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bal\u0131k \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerle\u015fmelerdir. <\/p>\n
KIRSAL YERLE\u015eMELER:<\/p>\n
1.TOPLU YERLE\u015eME: Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve suyun az oldu\u011fu alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar su ba\u015flar\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yurdumuzun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesiminde toplu yerle\u015fme hakimdir.<\/p>\n
2.DA\u011eINIK YERLE\u015eME: Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n bol oldu\u011fu , su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nemli iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde e\u011fimli arazilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Evler aras\u0131nda tarla , ba\u011f ve bah\u00e7eler vard\u0131r. Yurdumuzda en fazla Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
NOT: Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve toplu yerle\u015fme \u00fczerinde etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler: Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve yer \u015fekilleridir.
\n B-KENTSEL YERLE\u015eME:N\u00fcfusu 10.000 den fazla olan yerle\u015fim birimleridir.Sanayi, ticaret, e\u011fitim ve y\u00f6netim alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fim birimleridir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kentsel n\u00fcfus s\u00fcrekli olarak artmaktad\u0131r. Sebebi ; k\u00f6yden kente olan g\u00f6\u00e7lerdir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kentle\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 , sanayile\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu durum gecekondula\u015fmay\u0131 (\u00c7arp\u0131k kentle\u015fme) beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca trafik, e\u011fitim-sa\u011fl\u0131k problemleri , hava kirlili\u011fi ve fabrikalar\u0131n kent i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131 gibi durumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kentle\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgemiz Marmara iken, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgemiz Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesidir.<\/p>\n
\u015eEH\u0130RLER FONKS\u0130YONLARINA G\u00d6RE \u015eU GRUPLARA AYRILIR: <\/p>\n
1.TARIM \u015eEH\u0130RLER\u0130: Ege B\u00f6lgesinde; Akhisar, Turgutlu, Salihli, Ala\u015fehir, \u00d6demi\u015f, Tire gibi. Marmara B\u00f6lgesinde ; K\u0131rklareli, \u0130neg\u00f6l, L\u00fcleburgaz gibi. Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde; Bafra, \u00c7ar\u015famba, Giresun ,Rize, D\u00fczce, Niksar gibi.
\n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesinde; Karaman ,Aksaray, Ak\u015fehir, K\u0131r\u015fehir, Nev\u015fehir, Ni\u011fde gibi.<\/p>\n
2. T\u0130CARET \u015eEH\u0130RLER\u0130: \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Denizli, Manisa, Ayd\u0131n, Ankara, Konya, Bursa, Kayseri, Eski\u015fehir, Afyon, Malatya, Van ,Elaz\u0131\u011f, \u015e.Urfa, G.Antep gibi.<\/p>\n
3. SANAY\u0130 \u015eEH\u0130RLER\u0130: \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmit, Adapazar\u0131, Bursa, \u0130zmir. Adana, Batman, Karab\u00fck ,Ere\u011fli, K\u0131r\u0131kkale, Seydi\u015fehir, \u0130skenderun gibi.
\n 4. L\u0130MAN \u015eEH\u0130RLER\u0130: \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Mersin, Antalya, Samsun, Trabzon, \u0130skenderun, Zonguldak gibi<\/p>\n
5. TUR\u0130ZM \u015eEH\u0130RLER\u0130: \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir,\u00c7e\u015fme, Antalya, Bodrum; Marmaris,Fethiye, Ku\u015fadas\u0131 , Alanya, Mersin, Bursa, Bolu, Nev\u015fehir (\u00fcrg\u00fcp-G\u00f6reme) gibi.
\n 6. \u0130DAR\u0130 \u015eEH\u0130RLER: Ankara (ba\u015fkent), \u0130stanbul, Bursa, Konya, Edirne (ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ba\u015fkent olmalar\u0131)
\n 7. ASKER\u0130 \u015eEH\u0130RLER: Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, \u00c7orlu, Erzurum, Konya, Malatya , K\u0131rka\u011fa\u00e7, Manisa gibi. <\/p>\n
8. K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL \u015eEH\u0130RLER: \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Ankara ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 yerle\u015fim merkezlerimizin geli\u015fmesinde o merkezlerde bulunan \u00fcniversiteler de etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
NOT:\u0130l ile \u015fehir kavramlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130l idari bir birim, \u015fehir ise ilin merkezidir. (Sakarya ilinin merkezi Adapazar\u0131d\u0131r) <\/p>\n
G\u00d6\u00c7LER:<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00c7 G\u00d6\u00c7LER:\u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler 1950 \u2018den sonra Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ve sanayile\u015fme ile art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\u0130\u00c7 G\u00d6\u00c7\u00dcN (K\u00d6YDEN KENTE) SEBEPLER\u0130: <\/p>\n
1. H\u0131zl\u0131 N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131,
\n 2. Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n miras yoluyla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131,
\n 3. Tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme ile i\u015fsizli\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131 (bu genelleme Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirir.).
\n 4. E\u011fitim hizmetleri, alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerinin yetersizli\u011fi,
\n 5. Kan davalar\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r.
\n 6. \u0130klim ve yer \u015fekillerinin olumsuz etkileri.
\n 7. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yetersizli\u011fi (en az etkili).
\n 8. \u0130\u015f imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131.
\n 9. Kentlerde sanayinin geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131
\n K\u00d6YDEN KENTE G\u00d6\u00c7\u00dcN SONU\u00c7LARI:1. N\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dengesizlik olur.
\n 2. Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dengesizlik olur.
\n 3. \u0130\u015fsizlik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n 4. Konut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olur. Sonu\u00e7ta gecekondula\u015fma olur.
\n 5. Sanayi tesisleri (fabrikalar) kent i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r.
\n 6. \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131 artar.
\n 7. Trafik, e\u011fitim-sa\u011fl\u0131k problemleri olur.
\n 8. Alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerinin g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi zorla\u015f\u0131r.
\n 9. K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olur.
\n 10. K\u0131rsal kesimdeki yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda verimsizlik olur. <\/p>\n
K\u00d6YDEN KENTE G\u00d6\u00c7\u00dc \u00d6NLEMEK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N;<\/p>\n
1. Sulamal\u0131 tar\u0131m yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131,
\n 2. Modern tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.
\n 3. Besi ve ah\u0131r hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmeli.
\n 4. E\u011fitim \u2013sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri geli\u015ftirilmeli.
\n 5. Tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 sanayi kollar\u0131 k\u0131rsal kesime kayd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131
\n 6. Alt yap\u0131 hizmetleri geli\u015ftirilmeli (yol ,su, elektrik, haberle\u015fme). <\/p>\n
DI\u015e G\u00d6\u00c7LER:\u00dclkeler aras\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lerdir.<\/p>\n
DI\u015e G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130N NEDENLER\u0130: <\/p>\n
1)Sava\u015flar, bask\u0131, zul\u00fcm, tehdit.
\n 2)Tabii afetler (Depremler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, k\u0131tl\u0131k gibi)
\n 3)Ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131
\n 4)S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi
\n 5)Uluslar aras\u0131 antla\u015fmalarla sa\u011flanan n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimi. <\/p>\n
DI\u015e G\u00d6\u00c7LER\u0130N SONU\u00c7LARI: <\/p>\n
1. \u00dclkeler aras\u0131 ekonomik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fir.
\n 2. K\u00fclt\u00fcr al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi olur.
\n 3. Turizmin geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n 4. D\u00f6viz girdisi artar.
\n 5. \u0130\u015fsizlik k\u0131smen azal\u0131r.
\n 6. Aileler b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\n 7. G\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u00fclkede n\u00fcfus artar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli bir alanda ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131na N\u00fcfus denir. N\u00fcfus, bir \u00fclkenin \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketiminin artmas\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca ekonomik geli\u015fmesinde etkili olmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfus co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca konular \u015funlard\u0131r: \uf0de N\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131 \uf0de N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \uf0de N\u00fcfusun fiziki yap\u0131s\u0131 \uf0de N\u00fcfus hareketleri \uf0de N\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fimi \uf0de N\u00fcfusun ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri N\u00fcfus co\u011frafyas\u0131 bu bilgileri …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[10833,2988,3990,10835,4104,10832,3397,10834],"class_list":["post-5161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-demografi","tag-deprem","tag-himalaya-daglari","tag-mezra","tag-nufus-artisi","tag-nufus-ve-yerlesme","tag-okyanusya","tag-yayla"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5161"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5161\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}