K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, d\u00fcnya atmosferi ve okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda belirlenen art\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. Bu olay son 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r iyice saptanabilir duruma gelmi\u015f ve \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n atmosfere yak\u0131n y\u00fczeyinin ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 0.6 (\u00b1 0.2)\u00b0C artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00fczerindeki yayg\u0131n bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, “son 50 y\u0131lda s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n insan hayat\u0131 \u00fczerinde farkedilebilir etkiler olu\u015fturdu\u011fu” y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya, atmosferde artan sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Karbondioksit, su buhar\u0131, metan gibi baz\u0131 gazlar\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen radyasyonun bir yandan d\u0131\u015f uzaya yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek ve di\u011fer yandan da bu radyasyondaki \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 so\u011furarak yerk\u00fcrenin fazlaca \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Su buhar\u0131, di\u011fer sera gazlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen radyasonun \u015fiddetine ve gezegenin ortalama \u0131s\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re sabit olan ba\u011fl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma konusunda pasif etkiye sahiptir. Ancak di\u011fer sera gazlar\u0131, yer yer ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fken olarak k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma \u00fczerinde aktif bir etki yaratabilirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin karbondioksit, yo\u011fun volkanik etkinlik sonucu ya da insanlar taraf\u0131ndan fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla yo\u011fun olarak atmosfere sal\u0131nabilir. Bu durum, gezegenin ortalama \u0131s\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilen ve ortalama \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furan bir etken olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in bilim \u00e7evrelerinde k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmadan ba\u015fat rol\u00fcn atmosferde karbondioksit oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar atmosferdeki karbondioksit,<\/p>\n
* ye\u015fil bitkilerin fotosentez olay\u0131nda,
\n * karbondioksitin litosfer y\u00fczeyinde suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle,<\/p>\n
atmosferden \u00e7ekilmekte ise de, bu mekanizmalar\u0131n kapasitesinin \u00fczerinde karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, gezegen \u00fczerinde sera etkisi yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Su buhar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sera gazlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gezegen y\u00fczeyindeki ortalama \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, buharla\u015fman\u0131n artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Bu ise atmosferde daha fazla su buhar\u0131, yani bulut olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bulutlar, g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen radyasyonun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0131\u015f uzaya yans\u0131t\u0131rken bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc so\u011furarak \u0131s\u0131n\u0131rlar, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ge\u00e7irirler. Litosfer ve hidrosfere ula\u015fan bu radyasyonun da bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc so\u011furularak \u0131s\u0131nmaya yol a\u00e7arken bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc d\u0131\u015f uzaya yans\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f uzaya yans\u0131yan radyasyon yeniden bulut k\u00fctlesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 olaylar ya\u015fan\u0131r, yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, so\u011furulur, d\u0131\u015f uzaya ka\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
Bu mekanizma, su buhar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferde artmas\u0131 sonucu bulutlar\u0131n sera etkisini art\u0131rmakta, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya yeni bir katk\u0131ya yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131<\/p>\n
* 1 Etkileri
\n * 2 D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nma tarih\u00e7esi
\n * 3 Nedenleri
\n * 4 Kaynaklar
\n * 5 d\u0131\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/p>\n
Etkileri
\n Laguna San Rafael’deki buzulun, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma sonucu 1990 ile 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki geri \u00e7ekili\u015fin, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri.
\n Laguna San Rafael’deki buzulun, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma sonucu 1990 ile 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki geri \u00e7ekili\u015fin, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri.<\/p>\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 2 kat, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 4 kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda atmosferdeki 315 ppm\/m3 karbondioksit oran\u0131 2004’te 379 ppm\/m3 olmu\u015ftur. ABD d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun %4’\u00fcne sahipken karbondioksit \u00fcretiminin %25’ini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
The Observer gazetesinin \u015eubat 2004’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pentagon’a ait K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma Raporu’na g\u00f6re \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Avrupada bir\u00e7ok k\u0131y\u0131 kenti sular alt\u0131nda kalacakt\u0131r. Guardian gazetesinde 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda yer alan k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma haritas\u0131na g\u00f6re bundan en az etkilenen b\u00f6lgeler T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu ile k\u0131y\u0131 kesimleri hari\u00e7 Kuzey Afrika’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nma tarih\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re 1860-1900 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, denizde ve karadaki k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k her ikisinde de 0,75\u00b0C y\u00fckseldi. 1979’dan beri kara s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 deniz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131 h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi. Uydudan yap\u0131lan s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re alt troposferdeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k 1979’dan beri 0.12 ile 0.22\u00b0C aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
NASA’n\u0131n hesaplamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, g\u00fcvenilir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin yap\u0131labildi\u011fi 1800’lerden beri 2005 y\u0131l\u0131, 1998’i ge\u00e7erek, en s\u0131cak y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji Organizasyonu ve BK \u0130klim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Biriminin hesaplamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re ise 2005, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan hala ikinci s\u0131radad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nedenleri<\/p>\n
\u0130klim sistemi i\u00e7sel ve d\u0131\u015fsal (insani etkiler, g\u00fcne\u015f hareketleri ve sera gazlar\u0131, vb.) nedenlerden etkilenmektedir. Klimatologlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnlerde \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hemfikirdirler. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin detayl\u0131 nedenleri a\u00e7\u0131k bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131d\u0131r ama bilimsel \u00e7o\u011funluk sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n son zamanlardaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n atmosferine karbondioksit (CO2) ve metan (CH4) eklenmesi d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmektedir. Atmosferdeki CO2 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fczeyini \u0131s\u0131tmakta ve kutuplara yak\u0131n buzlar\u0131n erimesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Buzlar eridik\u00e7e, yerini kara veya a\u00e7\u0131k sular almaktad\u0131r. Her ikisi de buzdan daha az yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece daha fazla solar radyasyon emmektedirler. Bu da daha fazla \u0131s\u0131ya, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla erimeye yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, d\u00fcnya atmosferi ve okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda belirlenen art\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. Bu olay son 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r iyice saptanabilir duruma gelmi\u015f ve \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n atmosfere yak\u0131n y\u00fczeyinin ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 0.6 (\u00b1 0.2)\u00b0C artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00fczerindeki yayg\u0131n bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, “son 50 y\u0131lda s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n insan hayat\u0131 \u00fczerinde farkedilebilir etkiler olu\u015fturdu\u011fu” …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2796,2498,2338,3900,2961,3901],"class_list":["post-5244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-atmosfer","tag-fotosentez","tag-karbondioksit","tag-kuresel-isinma","tag-litosfer","tag-su-buhari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5244\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}