Nemlilik<\/p>\n
Nem<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki su k\u00fctlelerinden buharla\u015fan su, atmosferin nemlenmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131na hava nemlili\u011fi de denir. \u00d6nemli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k etmeni olan atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131, yere ve zamana g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. <\/p>\n
Atmosferde nemlili\u011fin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen etmenler.<\/p>\n
1) Buharla\u015fma: Atmosferdeki nemin kayna\u011f\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki su k\u00fctleleridir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a, havadaki nem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, su y\u00fczeyi geni\u015fledik\u00e7e, r\u00fczgar estik\u00e7e, bas\u0131n\u00e7 azald\u0131k\u00e7a, buharla\u015fma artar.<\/p>\n
2) S\u0131cakl\u0131k: S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yerlerde havan\u0131n nem alma kapasitesi de y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in buharla\u015fma artar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu yerlerde ise buharla\u015fma azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3) Y\u00fckseklik: A\u011f\u0131r bir gaz olan su buhar\u0131, yer\u00e7ekiminin etkisiyle fazla y\u00fckselemez. Yo\u011funla\u015fma sonucu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f tekrar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fer. Y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e hava so\u011fuyaca\u011f\u0131ndan havan\u0131n su buhar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla buharla\u015fma azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4) Bas\u0131n\u00e7: Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alanlar\u0131nda al\u00e7al\u0131c\u0131 hava hareketi buharla\u015fmay\u0131 engeller. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc al\u00e7alan havan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funun artmas\u0131 su buhar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesini \u00f6nler. Al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 alanlar\u0131nda ise y\u00fckselen havan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu daha az olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in buharla\u015fma daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mutlak Nem (Varolan Nem)<\/p>\n
1 m3 havan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n gram olarak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na mutlak nem denir. Mutlak nem, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, Ekvator\u2019dan kutuplara do\u011fru, denizlerden karalara do\u011fru ve y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Maksimum Nem (Doyma Miktar\u0131)<\/p>\n
1 m3 havan\u0131n belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi nemin gram olarak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hava k\u00fctleleri \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a genle\u015fip hacimleri artar. Bu nedenle nem alma ve ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasiteleri de artar. E\u011fer hava ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi kadar nem al\u0131rsa doyma noktas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r ve doymu\u015f hava ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin: 20 \u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa sahip bir hava k\u00fctlesinin ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi nem miktar\u0131 17,32 gr\/m3\u2019t\u00fcr. Bu hava k\u00fctlesinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 \u00b0C\u2019ye y\u00fckseldi\u011finde havan\u0131n hacmi geni\u015fleyece\u011fi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi nem miktar\u0131 da artar ve doyma noktas\u0131 30,4 gr\/m3\u2019e y\u00fckselir. Bu nedenle hava k\u00fctlesinin doymas\u0131 i\u00e7in aradaki fark (13.08 gr) kadar nem y\u00fcklenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Hava k\u00fctleleri, genellikle doyma noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde nem ta\u015f\u0131yamaz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131l Nem <\/p>\n
Hava her zaman ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi kadar nem y\u00fcklenmez. Genellikle havadaki su buhar\u0131 miktar\u0131yla doyma miktar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir fark bulunur. Bu farka doyma a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 (nem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131) denir.<\/p>\n
Belli s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 1m3 havan\u0131n neme doyma oran\u0131na ise ba\u011f\u0131l nem denir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131l Nem = Mutlak Nem (Varolan Nem) x 100
\n Maksimum Nem (Doyma Miktar\u0131)<\/p>\n
Form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131l Nemi Art\u0131ran Etkenler<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131l nem, mutlak nemin artmas\u0131 ya da hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 nedeniyle artar.<\/p>\n
1) Mutlak Nemin Artmas\u0131: Mutlak nem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakir, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle doyma a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan bir hava k\u00fctlesi denizler \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erken buharla\u015fma yolu ile ya da mutlak nemi kendisinden daha \u00e7ok (doyma noktas\u0131na yak\u0131n) olan bir hava k\u00fctlesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015fma yolu ile mutlak nem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin hale gelir. Hava k\u00fctlesinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeden nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131l nemi de artar.<\/p>\n
2) Hava S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Azalmas\u0131: Hava k\u00fctlesi kendisinden daha so\u011fuk bir hava ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da so\u011fuk bir zemin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti\u011finde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. B\u00f6ylece nem miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeden s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fen hava k\u00fctlesinin ba\u011f\u0131l nemi artar.<\/p>\n
Mutlak Nem, Maksimum Nem ve Ba\u011f\u0131l Nem \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/p>\n
Bir yerdeki ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olu\u015fumu mutlak nem (varolan nem) ile maksimum nem (doyma noktas\u0131) aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in havan\u0131n nem y\u00fcklenerek doyma noktas\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131l neminin % 100 olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
MUTLAK, MAKS\u0130MUM VE BA\u011eIL NEM \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n
Mutlak Nem (Varolan Nem) = Maksimum Nem (Doyma Miktar\u0131) \uf0e0 Ba\u011f\u0131l Nem = %100 Hava neme doymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mutlak Nem (Varolan Nem) > Maksimum Nem (Doyma Miktar\u0131) \uf0e0 Ba\u011f\u0131l Nem > %100 Havada nem fazlas\u0131 bulunur. Bu fazlal\u0131k yo\u011funla\u015farak ya\u011f\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7iminde yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n
Mutlak Nem (Varolan Nem) < Maksimum Nem (Doyma Miktar\u0131) \uf0e0 Ba\u011f\u0131l Nem < %100 Havada doyma a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani nem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunur. Nem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kapanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 ya da havan\u0131n nem y\u00fcklenmesi gerekir.\n\n UYARI: So\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde havan\u0131n doyma miktar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu b\u00f6lgelerde ba\u011f\u0131l nem y\u00fcksektir. \u00c7\u00f6l b\u00f6lgelerinde ise havan\u0131n doyma miktar\u0131 y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, hava k\u00fctlesi so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerden daha \u00e7ok mutlak nem i\u00e7erse bile ba\u011f\u0131l nem miktar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.\n\n\n\n Yo\u011funla\u015fma \n\n Atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n gaz halden s\u0131v\u0131 ya da kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7mesine yo\u011funla\u015fma denir. Yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n temel nedeni s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesidir.\n\n Yo\u011funla\u015fma \u00c7e\u015fitleri\n\n 1) Havan\u0131n Alttan So\u011fumas\u0131na Ba\u011fl\u0131 Yo\u011funla\u015fma: Bu tip yo\u011funla\u015fma ile sis olu\u015fur. Yatay ya da yataya yak\u0131n hareket eden \u0131l\u0131k ve nemli bir hava k\u00fctlesinin kendisinden daha so\u011fuk bir zemin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u00e7indeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n su zerrecikleri \u015feklinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na sis denir.\n\n a) Hava K\u00fctlesi Sisi: Genellikle hava hareketlerinin yatay y\u00f6nde ve yava\u015f oldu\u011fu yerlerdeki \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan sislerdir.\n\n b) Kara Sisi (Radyasyon Sisi): Kara sisleri s\u0131cakl\u0131k terselmesinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerde ve d\u00f6nemlerde kara i\u00e7lerinde olu\u015fur.\n\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k Terselmesi: Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde yerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 enerji kaybetmesi, da\u011flardan \u00e7ukur alanlara so\u011fuk havan\u0131n inmesi, s\u0131cak havan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne so\u011fuk havan\u0131n gelmesi ya da al\u00e7alan havan\u0131n alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin so\u011fumas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle hava tabakas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e d\u00fczenli olarak azalmaz. Belirli bir y\u00fckseltiye kadar artan s\u0131cakl\u0131k sonra yeniden d\u00fczenli olarak azalmaya ba\u015flar. Bu olaya s\u0131cakl\u0131k terselmesi denir.\n\n c) K\u0131y\u0131 ve Deniz Sisi (Adveksiyon Sisi): Yatay hava hareketleri sonucunda \u0131l\u0131k ve nemli hava k\u00fctlesinin kendinden daha so\u011fuk zemin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi k\u0131y\u0131larda ve deniz \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan sislerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bat\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve Gulfstream s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile bu tip sisler y\u0131l boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n d) Yer \u015fekli Sisi (Orografik Sis): Yama\u00e7 e\u011fimi az olan yerlerde \u0131l\u0131k ve nemli hava k\u00fctlesinin yama\u00e7 boyunca y\u00fckselmesi ve bunun sonucunda i\u00e7indeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuyarak yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan sislerdir.\n\n e) Cephe Sisi: S\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 hava k\u00fctlelerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerinde, s\u0131cak hava so\u011fuk hava \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselir. Y\u00fckselen s\u0131cak havada olan yo\u011funla\u015fmalar sonucunda so\u011fuk hava i\u00e7ine su buhar\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131r. Nem miktar\u0131 artan so\u011fuk havan\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131yla sis ya da bulut olu\u015fur.\n\n UYARI: Sis yo\u011funlu\u011fu havan\u0131n nem ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, gece daha fazlad\u0131r.\n\n 2) Y\u00fckselen Havan\u0131n So\u011fumas\u0131na Ba\u011fl\u0131 Yo\u011funla\u015fma: Bu tip yo\u011funla\u015fma ile bulut olu\u015fur. Bir hava k\u00fctlesinin dikey y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yerden y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e i\u00e7indeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n su zerrecikleri \u015feklinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na bulut denir. Bulutlar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici etkisi ile yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p so\u011fumas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.\n\n Bulutluluk Oran\u0131\n\n G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bulutlarla kapl\u0131 olma oran\u0131d\u0131r. Bulutluluk nefometre ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bulutluluk oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu (her mevsim bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan) yerlerde g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 azd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, bat\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle hemen her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 azd\u0131r.\n\n UYARI: Bulut k\u00fcmelerinin alt\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcz olmas\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n ayn\u0131 seviyede oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.\n\n Nefometre: Bulutluluk g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kaplayan bulutlar\u0131n miktar\u0131 10 ya da 8 e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve nefometre ad\u0131 verilen bir ara\u00e7 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Nefometre ufku kaplayacak \u015fekilde tutularak bulutla kapl\u0131 pencereler say\u0131l\u0131r. Bulutla kapl\u0131 pencere say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm pencere say\u0131s\u0131na oran\u0131 da bulutlulu\u011fu verir.\n\n Bulut Tipleri\n\n Bulutlar y\u00fcksekliklerine g\u00f6re incelenir. Y\u00fcksekliklerine g\u00f6re bulutlar 3 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r:\n\n 1) Y\u00fcksek Bulutlar: 6000m\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki hava katmanlar\u0131nda su buhar\u0131n\u0131n buz \u015feklinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan bulutlard\u0131r. Bu seviyelerdeki su buhar\u0131 azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri t\u00fcy \u015feklindedir. Bunlara genel olarak sirrus ad\u0131 verilir.\n\n UYARI: K\u00fcm\u00fclonimbus bulutlar\u0131 dikey y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareketlerinin fazla olmas\u0131 nedeniyle her \u00fc\u00e7 (al\u00e7ak, orta, y\u00fcksek) seviyeye de yay\u0131labilen bulutlard\u0131r.\n\n 2) Orta Bulutlar: 3000 \u2013 6000 m aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseltilerde yo\u011funla\u015fmalara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan bulutlard\u0131r. Bunlara alto bulutlar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. Genellikle beyaz renklilerdir.\n\n 3) Al\u00e7ak Bulutlar: Yery\u00fcz\u00fc ile 3000 m aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan kal\u0131n, yo\u011fun ve koyu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bulutlard\u0131r. Yo\u011funla\u015fma h\u0131zl\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede olursa k\u00fcme \u015fekilli yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015f b\u0131rakan bulutlar olu\u015fur. E\u011fer yo\u011funla\u015fma yava\u015f ve uzun s\u00fcrede olursa tabaka \u015fekilli ve uzun s\u00fcren \u00e7isinti \u015feklinde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f b\u0131rakan bulutlar olu\u015fur.\n\n\n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\n\n Havadaki nemin doyma noktas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p, su damlac\u0131klar\u0131, buz kristalleri veya buz par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feklinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na ya\u011f\u0131\u015f denir.\n\n 1) Yerde Yo\u011funla\u015fma Bi\u00e7imindeki Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\n\n a) \u00c7iy : Havan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve durgun oldu\u011fu gecelerde, havadaki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuk cisimler \u00fczerinde su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n UYARI: Bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi, hava k\u00fctlesinin y\u00fckselmesi ve havan\u0131n doyma noktas\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Dolu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 orta enlemlerde, genellikle sa\u011fanak ya\u011fmurlara birlikte, ilkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7iy 0\u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fczerindeki, k\u0131ra\u011f\u0131 0\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131ndaki yo\u011funla\u015fmalar ile olu\u015fur.\n b) K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131: So\u011fuyan zeminler \u00fczerindeki yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n buz kristalleri \u015feklinde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in de havan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve durgun olmas\u0131 gerekir.\n\n c) K\u0131r\u00e7: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fumu\u015f su taneciklerinden olu\u015fan bir sis uzun s\u00fcre yerde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, su taneciklerinin so\u011fuk cisimlere \u00e7arparak buz haline ge\u00e7mesidir.\n\n 2) Troposferde Yo\u011funla\u015fma Bi\u00e7imindeki Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\n\n a) Ya\u011fmur: Buluttaki su taneciklerinin damlalar halinde birle\u015ferek yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesidir.\n\n b) Kar: Havadaki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n 0\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015farak ince taneli buz kristallerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesidir.\n\n c) Dolu: Dikey y\u00f6nl\u00fc hava hareketlerinin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bulutlarda, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birdenbire ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle su tanecikleri donar.\n\n\n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f Miktar\u0131 \n\n Y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde birim alana d\u00fc\u015fen toplam ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na denir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, pl\u00fcviyometre ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, kg\/m2 ya da mm olarak ifade edilir.\n\n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f Miktar\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Etmenler\n\n 1) Hava K\u00fctlesi: Bir yerin ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alabilmesi i\u00e7in uygun hava k\u00fctlelerinin ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 cephe sistemlerinin etkisi alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Hava k\u00fctlesi nemli ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 artar. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zlanda Gezici Al\u00e7ak Bas\u0131nc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131\u015f\u0131n daha etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur.\n\n 2) Y\u00fckselti ve Yer \u015fekilleri: Deniz seviyesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 1500 \u2013 2000 y\u00fckseltiye kadar her 100 m\u2019de ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 50 \u2013 400 mm aras\u0131nda artar. Bu y\u00fckseltiden sonra ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar azal\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7indeki nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yamac\u0131n orta b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine b\u0131rakan hava k\u00fctlesi doruklara kuru olarak ge\u00e7er. Nemli hava k\u00fctlelerine d\u00f6n\u00fck yama\u00e7larda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla, ters yama\u00e7larda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n az olmas\u0131 ise yer \u015fekillerinin ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na etkisini kan\u0131tlar.\n\n 3) Denize Etkisine Kapal\u0131l\u0131k: Denizden uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, nemli hava k\u00fctleleri, i\u00e7indeki nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerinde b\u0131rak\u0131r ve i\u00e7erilere daha kuru olarak sokulur.\n\n 4) Ak\u0131nt\u0131lar: S\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p nemlenen hava k\u00fctleleri serin kara \u00fczerine geldi\u011finde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130ngiltere ve Japonya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131nda s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 etkilidir. So\u011fuk su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi k\u0131y\u0131larda ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n 5) Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc: \u00d6zellikle ormanlardaki terleme, nem miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar %3 \u2013 6 oran\u0131nda artar.\n\n\n\n Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f Tipleri :\n\n 1) Y\u00fckselim (Konveksiyon) Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131: Is\u0131narak y\u00fckselen havan\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \n\n Ekvator \u00e7evresinde y\u0131l boyunca orta enlemlerde ilkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda bu tip ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilkbahar ve yaz ba\u015flar\u0131nda kuzeybat\u0131dan gelen nemli ve so\u011fuk hava, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da \u0131s\u0131narak, y\u00fckselir ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara k\u0131rkikindi ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 denir.\n\n 2) Yama\u00e7 (Orografik) Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131: Nemli hava k\u00fctlelerinin bir da\u011f yamac\u0131na \u00e7arparak y\u00fckselmesi sonucunda olu\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\n\n Orografik ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar en \u00e7ok k\u0131y\u0131ya paralel uzanan da\u011flar\u0131n denize d\u00f6n\u00fck yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Toroslar ve Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda yama\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 belirgindir.\n\n UYARI: Egemen r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcne d\u00fck uzanan da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131 orografik ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 al\u0131r.\n\n 3) Cephe Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131: S\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk hava k\u00fctlelerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma alanlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\n\n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bu tip ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar olu\u015fturur.\n\n Bat\u0131 ve Orta Avrupa ile okyanusal iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde her mevsim, Akdeniz iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda cephesel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n\n D\u00fcnya\u2019da Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \n\n A) \u00c7ok Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 B\u00f6lgeler\n\n 1) Ekvatoral B\u00f6lge: Y\u0131l boyunca \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fckselim ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6lgede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan kuzey ve g\u00fcney alizeleri de y\u00fckselim ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede, Mart ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 artar. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f toplam\u0131 2000 mm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.\n\n 2) Muson Asyas\u0131: Yaz musonlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle yaz aylar\u0131nda bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f al\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar, yama\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015feklindedir. K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131 genellikle kurak ge\u00e7er. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 2000 mm\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.\n\n 3) Orta Ku\u015fak Karalar\u0131n Bat\u0131 K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131: Her mevsimin ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerdir. K\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni gezici al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 cephe sistemleridir. Da\u011fl\u0131k k\u0131yalarda yer \u015fekilleri ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yapar. Ayr\u0131ca bu k\u0131y\u0131lar bati r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 ve s\u0131cak su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \n\n UYARI: Kuzey Amerika Kitasi\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda tropikal siklonlar nedeniyle \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n B) Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 B\u00f6lgeler\n\n 1) Akdeniz B\u00f6lgeleri: 30\u00b0 - 40\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, yazlar\u0131 kurak bir ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge, yaz\u0131n subtropikal y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ise bat\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ici al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n etkisinde kal\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131, cephesel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda ise orografik cephesel ya\u011f\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n 2) Orta Ku\u015fak K\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131: Her mevsimi ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar cepheseldir. Ancak yaz mevsiminde konveksiyonal ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. So\u011fuk su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 baz\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131larda \u00e7\u00f6llerin geli\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.\n\n 3) Savan B\u00f6lgeleri: 10\u00b0 - 20\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kurak, yazlar\u0131n ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerdir. Yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 konveksiynal ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni subtropikal y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alan\u0131n\u0131n Ekvator\u2019a do\u011fru kaymas\u0131d\u0131r.\n\n C) Az Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 B\u00f6lgeler\n\n Orta ku\u015fak karasal b\u00f6lgelerde k\u0131\u015f\u0131n, karalar\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda havan\u0131n so\u011fuk olmas\u0131 nedeniyle antisiklon alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fur. Nemli havan\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Buralarda k\u0131\u015flar biraz nemli ancak ya\u011f\u0131\u015fs\u0131zd\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda ise \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 konveksiyonal ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\n\n\n D) Kurak B\u00f6lgeler\n\n 1) Subtropikal Y\u00fcksek Bas\u0131n\u00e7 B\u00f6lgeleri: 20\u00b0 - 30\u00b0 enlemleri aras\u0131nda y\u0131l boyunca ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok az g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hatta baz\u0131 y\u0131llarda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeler vard\u0131r. Al\u00e7al\u0131c\u0131 hava hareketleri nem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr ve kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirginle\u015fmesine neden olur. Bu b\u00f6lgeler, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra, Arabistan ve Avustralya\u2019da geni\u015ftir. G\u00fcney Afrika, G\u00fcney Amerika ve Meksika\u2019da daha dar alanl\u0131d\u0131r.\n\n 2) Orta Ku\u015fak K\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n Deniz Etkisine Kapal\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 K\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131: Denizden \u00e7ok uzak olan bu b\u00f6lgelere nemli r\u00fczgarlar ula\u015famaz. K\u0131y\u0131ya paralel uzanan da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131 da nemli r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 engelledi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu b\u00f6lgelerde kurakl\u0131k belirgindir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Orta Asya \u00e7\u00f6llerinin olu\u015fumu buna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\n\n 3) Kutuplar: Kutuplar \u00e7evresi so\u011fuk oldu\u011fundan havan\u0131n mutlak nemi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 azd\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca buralarda y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alan\u0131n\u0131n egemen olmas\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nler. Buralara daha \u00e7ok so\u011fuk \u00e7\u00f6ller denir.\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\n\n \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de genellikle Akdeniz ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejiminin etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \n \u2022 En \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara gidildik\u00e7e ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. \n \u2022 En az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan yer Konya ve Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi ile baz\u0131 derin yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f akarsu vadilerinin tabanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \n \u2022 Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda sonbahar, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda k\u0131\u015f, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da \u0130lkbahar ve Erzurum \u2013 Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde az ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 belirgindir. \n \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye genelinde k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar cephesel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda Anadolu, gezici al\u00e7ak ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu bas\u0131n\u00e7lar cephesel ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara neden olur. \n\n UYARI: 30\u00b0 Kuzey enlemindeki dinamik y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alan\u0131n\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131nda 40\u00b0 Kuzey enlemine do\u011fru geni\u015flemesi nedeniyle Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur. \n \t\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nemlilik Nem Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki su k\u00fctlelerinden buharla\u015fan su, atmosferin nemlenmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131na hava nemlili\u011fi de denir. \u00d6nemli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k etmeni olan atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131, yere ve zamana g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Atmosferde nemlili\u011fin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen etmenler. 1) Buharla\u015fma: Atmosferdeki nemin kayna\u011f\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki su k\u00fctleleridir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a, havadaki nem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, su y\u00fczeyi geni\u015fledik\u00e7e, r\u00fczgar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2796,3693,2158,3689,3698,3707,3702,3704,3692,3691,3062,10949,3687,3678,2835,3708,3706],"class_list":["post-5269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-atmosfer","tag-bagil-nem","tag-basinc","tag-buharlasma","tag-bulut-tipleri","tag-cephe-yagislari","tag-ciy","tag-kirc","tag-maksimum-nem","tag-mutlak-nem","tag-nem","tag-nem-ve-yagis","tag-nemlilik","tag-sicaklik","tag-troposfer","tag-turkiyede-yagisin-dagilisi","tag-yagis-tipleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5269"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5269\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}