TERM\u0130K SANTRAL<\/p>\n
TANIMI VE \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI:<\/p>\n
Yanmayla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinden elektrik enerjisi \u00fcreten merkez.Yanma,bir kazan yada buhar \u00fcreticinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve suyun buhara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini,daha sonrada bunun y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda (160 bar),y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta(550\u2019C)\u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Buhar \u00f6nce t\u00fcrbinin y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve daha sonra yeniden \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra orta ve al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde geni\u015fler.Birbirini izleyen bu geni\u015flemeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi mekanik enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.Kondansat\u00f6rde so\u011futulunca su yeniden eski haline ge\u00e7er;t\u00fcrbinden \u00e7ekti\u011fi buharla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyse suyun \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltip kazana g\u00f6nderir.Buhar ve su bir kapal\u0131 devre halinde dola\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in,bu \u00e7evrim sonsuza kadar yenilenir.
\n Duman kazan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u0131s\u0131 yitirir ve havaya verilir;B\u00f6ylece yanma olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.K\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan santrallerde duman\u0131n daha sonra elektrostatik d\u00fczenekler yard\u0131m\u0131yla tozu al\u0131n\u0131r ve bacadan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r.Bu arada t\u00fcrbinde yarat\u0131lan mekanik enerji bir alternat\u00f6re iletilir ve burada elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.T\u00fcrbo-alternat\u00f6r gurubunun uzunlu\u011fu 600 mega voltluk bir g\u00fc\u00e7 i\u00e7in bazen 50m\u2019a\u015far; verilen elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131ysa 20 000 voltluk bir gerilim alt\u0131nda 19 200 ampere ula\u015f\u0131r.Modern bir termik santral\u0131n verimi %40 dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n Bir termik santral\u0131n kurulaca\u011f\u0131 yerin se\u00e7imi bir\u00e7ok etkene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.Bunlardan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131, enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (maden ocaklar\u0131,limanlar,rafineriler, vb.),yak\u0131t\u0131n santrale getirilme y\u00f6ntemleri (demiryolu,denizyolu,vb.) ve \u00f6zellikle so\u011fuk bir kayna\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Elektrik santralleri,ba\u015fka enerji bi\u00e7imler (termik, n\u00fckleer, hidrolik, jeotermal, g\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczgar, gelgit v.b) elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek amac\u0131yla bir araya getirilmi\u015f donan\u0131mlardan olu\u015fan i\u015fletmelerdir.\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u0131nai donan\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu,hidrolik ve termik (klasik ve n\u00fckleer) santrallerden meydana gelmektedir.T\u00fcr\u00fc ne olursa olsun, her elektrik santral\u0131, temel olarak bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131, hareketlendirici bir ayg\u0131t, bir alternat\u00f6r ve bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme istasyonundan meydan gelir.D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme istasyonu, alternat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fcretti\u011fi gerilimi, genel ulusal veya uluslar aras\u0131 interkonnekte \u015febekenin beslenme hatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun bir de\u011fere y\u00fckselir.
\n \u00dclkemizin enerji gereksiniminin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131layan ve T\u00fcrkiye Elektrik \u00dcretim A.\u015e.(TEA\u015e) taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fleten termik santraller, fuel-oil, ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc linyit, motorin, jeotermal ve do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcrde enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 kullanmakta olup say\u0131lar\u0131 30\u2019u a\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\n Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re ait fuel-oil kullanan Mersin Termik santrali ile,kamu ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan salt kendi tesisleri i\u00e7in elektrik enerjisi \u00fcreten irili ufakl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok otoprod\u00fckt\u00f6r termik santraller da bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n Termik santraller i\u00e7inde linyitli olanlar di\u011ferlerinden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olup,\u00fclkemizin toplam elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7inde linyite dayal\u0131 termik santrallerin paray\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r.Yerli enerji kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7inde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de \u00f6nemini koruyan linyit yataklar\u0131,\u00fclkemizin hemen her yerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizdeki enerjiye ba\u011fl\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fi,daha \u00e7ok, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalorili linyitlerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan gazlar\u0131n atmosfere kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.Yanma gazlar\u0131, karbondioksit (Co2), karbonmonoksit (CO), azot oksitler (NOx), u\u00e7ucu organik bile\u015fikler (VOC), k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit (SO2), ****n (CH4) v.b. gazlar ile tanesel madde i\u00e7ermektedir. Yak\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr, bu kirliliklerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra k\u00fcl ve k\u00fcl\u00fcn i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kadmiyum, civa, kur\u015fun, arsenik v.b. a\u011f\u0131r ****llerin \u00e7evreye yay\u0131larak kirletmesine sebep olmaktad\u0131r.Linyitlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle termik santrallerin \u00e7evre hava kalitesine etkisinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fan kirleticilere kar\u015f\u0131 kontrol sistemlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00dclkemizde elektrik \u00fcretimi yakla\u015f\u0131k %60\u2019\u0131 termik santrallerden elde edildi\u011finden ve linyitlerimizin k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve k\u00fcl i\u00e7eriklerinin de y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle,b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kullanan termik santrallerin kirletici emisyonlar\u0131 da \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmakta ve \u00e7evreye verdikleri zarar da buna orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
TERM\u0130K SANTRALLER\u0130N \u00c7EVREYE ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/p>\n
Termik santraller kalitesiz linyit yataklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine neden olur.Termik santrallerin bacalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fck\u00fcrt,azot ve karbon oksitleri havada su buhar\u0131 ile birle\u015ferek asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar.Topra\u011f\u0131n ve sular\u0131n kirlenmesine neden olurlar;at\u0131k madde olan k\u00fcllerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 birikimi topra\u011f\u0131n kirlenmesine sebep olur.U\u00e7ucu k\u00fclleri tutmak i\u00e7in bacalar\u0131na tak\u0131lan filtreler \u00e7o\u011fu kez yetersiz kal\u0131r ve atmosferi kirletir, A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131na neden olduklar\u0131ndan tercih edilmemesi gerekir. Fakat \u00fclkemizde elektrik enerjisi gereksinimini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7emeyece\u011fimiz enerji \u00fcretim kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Termik santrallerden ba\u015fka hidroelektrik, n\u00fckleer santraller gibi elektrik enerjisi \u00fcreten santraller vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
AVANTAJLARI <\/p>\n
1-) Kalitesiz linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc,k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozlar\u0131 ve yak\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 fuel-oil kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ekonomiktir.
\n 2-) Yak\u0131t\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nabildi\u011fi her yere kurulabilir.<\/p>\n
DEZAVANTAJLARI<\/p>\n
3-) Kurulu\u015f masraflar\u0131 azd\u0131r.Fakat;
\n \u00c7ok a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toprak,su ve hava kirlili\u011fine neden olurlar.
\n Termik Santraller Yerine;a-) Modem teknoloji ile g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6n plana al\u0131narak kurulmu\u015f n\u00fckleer santralleri,
\n b-) Hidroelektrik santraller,
\n c-) G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan,r\u00fczgarlardan,dalg alardan ve yer alt\u0131 s\u0131cak sular\u0131ndan (jeotermal enerji) elde edilecek enerji santralleri kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
TERM\u0130K SANTRAL TANIMI VE \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI: Yanmayla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinden elektrik enerjisi \u00fcreten merkez.Yanma,bir kazan yada buhar \u00fcreticinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve suyun buhara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini,daha sonrada bunun y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda (160 bar),y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta(550\u2019C)\u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Buhar \u00f6nce t\u00fcrbinin y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve daha sonra yeniden \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra orta ve al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde geni\u015fler.Birbirini izleyen bu geni\u015flemeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3683,2277,2254,2719,3135,2730,3785,3132,3133,4766,2259,2708,3134,3131,3784],"class_list":["post-5283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-alcak-basinc","tag-arsenik","tag-civa","tag-elektrostatik","tag-gelgit","tag-gunes","tag-hidroelektrik-santraller","tag-hidrolik","tag-jeotermal","tag-kadmiyum","tag-kursun","tag-nukleer","tag-ruzgar","tag-termik","tag-termik-santral"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5283\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}