ANT\u0130K TAR\u0130H <\/p>\n
Ankara, 3000 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce kurulmu\u015ftu. Galatlar bu kente, “durduran, yol kesen” anlam\u0131na gelen Ankyra ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Bu deyim daha sonra gemicilikte kullan\u0131larak gemi \u00e7apas\u0131 (Anchor) anlam\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Deyimin, bug\u00fcn Kale’nin bulundu\u011fu kayal\u0131k alan\u0131n konumu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n Bir de Eng\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r Ankara’n\u0131n isimleri aras\u0131nda. S\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re bu ad\u0131n asl\u0131 Fars\u00e7a “\u00fcz\u00fcm” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan “Eng\u00fcr”d\u00fcr. Eng\u00fcr\u00fc ad\u0131 da, bir zamanlar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131k bah\u00e7elik Ankara’s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlatan adlardand\u0131r. S\u0131ras\u0131 gelmi\u015fken belirtelim ki, Ankara ve \u00e7evresi \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn anavatan\u0131d\u0131r. En iyi \u015faraplar\u0131n da \u00c7ankaya’n\u0131n Kavakl\u0131dere’sinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Kim bilir, belki de Anadolulu Bak\u00fcs \u00c7ankaya’da do\u011fmu\u015ftur.
\nAnkara’n\u0131n kurucular\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddialar bir de\u011fil, ikidir. Uzmanlar Ankara’y\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc bir baba o\u011ful aras\u0131nda kime mal edeceklerini \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re, Ankara’n\u0131n kurucusu Frig Kral\u0131 Gordios’tur. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re de onun o\u011flu Midas’t\u0131r.
\n Hititler d\u00f6neminde Ankara bir askeri garnizon olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra bu alanda
\nFrigyal\u0131lar egemen oldular ve kenti kuran da onlar oldu.
\n M.O. 700’den sonra kentin yeni hakimleri olarak Lidyal\u0131lar’\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. M.O. 547 tarihinden itibaren de iki y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar kent ve b\u00f6lge Pers egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.
\n M.O. 333 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender kenti Makedon-Helen egemenli\u011fine soktu. Gordion’un \u00fcnl\u00fc ve efsanevi k\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zemeyince k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla kesen \u0130skender’in, y\u00f6rede bir s\u00fcre kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Ankara Kalesi de bu d\u00f6nemde Anadolu’ya gelen Galatlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\n M.O. 189 y\u0131l\u0131nda Romal\u0131 Komutan Vulso, Galatlar’\u0131 yenerek Ankara’y\u0131 Roma egemenli\u011fine ald\u0131. Ankara’y\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar egemenlikleri alt\u0131nda tutan Romal\u0131lar zaman\u0131nda kente \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Ankara’da, Roma d\u00f6neminden kalma hamam, tap\u0131nak, sur, agora, hipodrom, s\u00fctun, tiyatro gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da eser g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ulus’ta, H\u00fck\u00fcmet Meydan\u0131’ndaki Julianus s\u00fctunu bunlardan biridir. Roma \u0130mparatoru Julianus’un M.O. 362’de Ankara’dan ge\u00e7i\u015fi an\u0131s\u0131na dikilen bu s\u00fctun, yivli ta\u015flardan olu\u015fmu\u015f ve yaprak bi\u00e7iminde bir ta\u00e7la s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Yeri, bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, iki y\u00fcz metre kadar kuzeye ta\u015f\u0131narak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Halen kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulunan Roma Hamam\u0131, d\u00f6neminin d\u00fcnyadaki \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck hamam\u0131ndan biri olarak nitelendirilir. 1939’da ba\u015flanan bir kaz\u0131 sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, 12 k\u00fclhanl\u0131, dev boyutlardaki bu hamam\u0131n M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ile 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Hamamda, y\u0131lan tutan kocaman bir elin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131n\u0131n, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Asklepius ad\u0131na in\u015fa edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Hamam\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda Roma \u0130mparatoru Caracalla ve annesi Julia Domna ad\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok miktarda sikkeye rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta\u015f temeller \u00fczerine oturan hamam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f duvarlar\u0131, d\u00f6rt s\u0131ra tu\u011flan\u0131n \u00fcs t\u00fcste konmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 duvarlar ise mermerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Kente 60 km. uzaktaki Elmada\u011f’dan ta\u015f borularla getirilen su, bu hamamla birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn mahallelere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu.
\n Hac\u0131bayram Camii’nin yan\u0131nda yer alan Augustus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 konusunda Prof. Dr. Akurgal \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:
\n“Roma \u0130mparatoru Augustus (M.\u00d6. 27-M.S. 14), \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden on alt\u0131 ay \u00f6nce Vesta Rahibelerine d\u00f6rt belge teslim eder. Bunlardan biri vasiyetnamesidir; ikincisi cenaze t\u00f6reni hakk\u0131ndaki buyruklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc imparatorlu\u011fun parasal ve askeri durumu ile ilgili kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamakta, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri (icraat\u0131) anlatmakta idi.
\n “Bunlardan ancak sonuncusu, ‘index rerum gestarum’, Ankara Augustus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131nda iki dilde, Latince ve Helence yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin gelmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k madenden iki levha \u00fczerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 olup Roma’da imparatorun mezar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alan orijinal metin ise tamamen yok olmu\u015ftur.
\n “G\u00fczel bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu ‘Res Gestae Divi Augusti’ (yani tanr\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f Augustus’un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu kitabenin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin bilinen di\u011fer iki kopyas\u0131na ait par\u00e7alar yine Anadolu’da ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesi’nde saklanmakta olan bu par\u00e7alar Ankara Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n baz\u0131 eksik b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin tamamlanmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r…
\n “Augustus’un u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Latince metin, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n Pronaos (\u00f6n oda) ad\u0131 verilen iki yan duvar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fczeylerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131t Hac\u0131bayram Camii’ne yak\u0131n olan duvar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde halen okunakl\u0131 iri harfler halinde ‘Re-rum gestarum divi Augusti’ (yani tanr\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f Augustus’un icraat\u0131) s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri ile ba\u015flar ve duvar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kaplar. Latince yaz\u0131t\u0131n arkas\u0131, onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kalan duvar\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcnde devam eder. Latince metnin Helence \u00e7evirisi ise bu duvar\u0131n, yani bat\u0131-do\u011fu do\u011frultusundaki tap\u0131nak duvar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcndedir. 0 tarihlerde Ankara’da konu\u015fulan dil Helence oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaz\u0131t\u0131n Helenceye \u00e7evrilmesi gerekiyordu…
\n “Eski tarih boyunca Ankara’n\u0131n akropolisi (tepe kenti) Hac\u0131bayram Camii’nin bulundu\u011fu yerde idi. Roma d\u00f6neminde Ankara kenti, Roma ve Augustus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bu kutsal tepenin etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eviriyordu. \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Caddesi \u00fczerindeki Roma Hamam\u0131, Kale dibindeki Roma Tiyatrosu ve Hisar’daki Kale’nin kendisi Roma kenti s\u0131n\u0131rlan i\u00e7indeydi. Kentin kuzey ucu Radyoevi’ne do\u011fru uzan\u0131yordu. Roma d\u00f6nemi sikkelerindeki tasvirlerden ve yaz\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Ankara’da Romal\u0131lardan \u00f6nce Tanr\u0131 kad\u0131n Kybele’ye (bereket tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131na) ve Ay Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Men’e tap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Kybele, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck’te g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere, daha neolitik \u00e7a\u011fda, yani M.\u00d6. 7. ve 6. binlerde Anadolu halklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca Tanr\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, Frigler’in de en \u00f6nemli Tanr\u0131s\u0131 idi. Men de bir Anadolulu Tanr\u0131 olup b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Luvi k\u00f6kenlidir. Ona \u00f6zellikle Frigya ile Lydia b\u00f6lgelerindeki yerli halklar tap\u0131n\u0131yordu. Helenler’in Ay Tanr\u0131s\u0131 di\u015fi olup ad\u0131 Selene idi. Bununla beraber ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan Helenler de Men’e tap\u0131yorlard\u0131.
\n “Augustus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’nda cephenin ve giri\u015f yerinin Helen kutsal yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki gibi do\u011fuya de\u011fil de, bat\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fck olu\u015fu da buras\u0131n\u0131n eski Anadolu gelene\u011fine, yani Helenler’den \u00f6nceki
\nd\u00f6nemlere ait bir tap\u0131nma yeri oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir…
\n “Bizans \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda Augustus ve Roma Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 kiliseye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren H\u0131ristiyanlar, cella’n\u0131n (ortadaki b\u00fcy\u00fck odan\u0131n) g\u00fcney duvar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 pencere a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar ve cella ile opisthodomos’un (arka odan\u0131n) aras\u0131ndaki duyan y\u0131karak oray\u0131 bir Krypta haline sokmu\u015flard\u0131r.” (Ankara Dergisi, s. 1. 1990)
\n T\u00fcrkler, Augustus ve Roma Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131na hi\u00e7 dokunmad\u0131lar; ona sayg\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stererek Hac\u0131bayram Camii’ni kilisenin hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda in\u015fa ettiler.
\n Kentin onar\u0131l\u0131p g\u00fczelle\u015ftirildi\u011fi d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur Roma d\u00f6nemi. Hatta \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n imparator Neron, Ankara’y\u0131 Metropol yani Ba\u015fkent ilan etmi\u015fti. Bu d\u00f6neme ait yaz\u0131t ve sikkelerde Ankara’n\u0131n ba\u015fkent oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka Roma \u0130mparatoru Caracalla da, kenti \u00e7evreleyen surlar\u0131 onarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n Ankara Kalesi’nin eteklerinde bir bedesten ve iki han\u0131n onar\u0131l\u0131p m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle kazan\u0131lan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir yap\u0131da, ta\u015f devrine ait bulgulardan, an\u0131lan Roma d\u00f6nemi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok eser sergilenmektedir. M\u00fcze \u015fimdilerde Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANT\u0130K TAR\u0130H Ankara, 3000 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce kurulmu\u015ftu. Galatlar bu kente, “durduran, yol kesen” anlam\u0131na gelen Ankyra ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Bu deyim daha sonra gemicilikte kullan\u0131larak gemi \u00e7apas\u0131 (Anchor) anlam\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Deyimin, bug\u00fcn Kale’nin bulundu\u011fu kayal\u0131k alan\u0131n konumu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir de Eng\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r Ankara’n\u0131n isimleri aras\u0131nda. S\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re bu ad\u0131n asl\u0131 Fars\u00e7a “\u00fcz\u00fcm” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1759,1758,1762,1760,1761,1559],"class_list":["post-529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-ankara","tag-antik-tarih","tag-augustus-tapinagi","tag-farsca","tag-hacibayram-camii","tag-hititler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/529\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}