D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131, tamam\u0131 insano\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc antik yap\u0131 ve yap\u0131tlard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Antik D\u00f6nemin Yedi Harikas\u0131 ad\u0131yla da an\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u0130lk olarak M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda tarih\u00e7i Heredot taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sidon’lu Antipatros taraf\u0131ndan ilk olarak “D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131 \u00fczerine” (\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f19\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70 \u0398\u03b5\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) adl\u0131 eserle olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ge\u00e7erli kabul etti\u011fimiz 7 harika listesi, M.\u00d6. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda son \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131’ndan sadece Keops Piramidi ayaktad\u0131r. Di\u011ferleri yang\u0131n ya da deprem gibi nedenlerle yokolmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131 <\/p>\n
Keops Piramidi
\n Keops PiramidiGiza Piramitleri’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc birden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131 listesine dahil de\u011fildir. Piramitlerden sadece Keops Piramidi bu listeye girmi\u015ftir. Keops Piramidi, 4. Hanedanl\u0131k zaman\u0131nda M.\u00d6. 2560 y\u0131l\u0131nda Firavun Khufu (Keops) taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 20 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Piramit yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 145,75 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011findeydi. Yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren 43 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca d\u00fcnyadaki en y\u00fcksek yap\u0131 olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Keops Piramidi ilk in\u015fa edilen olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ayakta duran tek yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Babil’in Asma Bah\u00e7eleri
\n Babil’in Asma Bah\u00e7eleriMilattan \u00f6nce 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Babil kral\u0131 Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babil’in \u00e7orak Mezopotamya \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda, a\u011fa\u00e7lar, akan sular ve egzotik bitkilerin bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ok katl\u0131 bir bah\u00e7edir. Co\u011frafyac\u0131 Strabo’nun 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
“Bah\u00e7eler birbiri \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen k\u00fcbik direklerden olu\u015fuyordu. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7leri \u00e7ukurdu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bitkilerin ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yeti\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in toprakla doldurulmu\u015ftu. Kubbeler, s\u00fctunlar ve tara\u00e7alar pi\u015fmi\u015f tu\u011fla ve asfalttan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fcksekteki bah\u00e7eleri sulamak i\u00e7in F\u0131rat Nehri’nden zincir pompalarla su yukar\u0131lara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu \u015fekilde \u00fcst seviyelere ta\u015f\u0131nan su, bah\u00e7eleri sulayarak teraslardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru ak\u0131yordu”<\/p>\n
S\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re Nebukadnezar bu yap\u0131y\u0131 s\u0131la hasreti \u00e7eken kar\u0131s\u0131 Semiramis i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Semiramis Medes kral\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re Mezopotamyan\u0131n d\u00fcz ve s\u0131cak ortam\u0131 onu bunal\u0131ma itmi\u015f, kral da kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hasretini sona erdirmek i\u00e7in yapay da\u011flar\u0131n oldu\u011fu, sular\u0131n akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yemye\u015fil bir bah\u00e7e yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden bazen Semiramis’in asma bah\u00e7eleri olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Babil’in asma bah\u00e7elerinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelen kesin izleri yoktur. Fakat, b\u00f6lgede ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan arkeologlar, Babil’deki saray\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc garip olan temel ve tonozlar buldular. Bunlar\u0131n Babil’in Asma Bah\u00e7elerine ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Babil’in Asma Bah\u00e7eleri, klasik yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu tan\u0131mlara g\u00f6re \u00e7izilen resimler bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi bu efsanevi bah\u00e7eler bir yerlere as\u0131l\u0131 fidan de\u011fildir, sadece s\u00fctunlarla desteklenen tara\u00e7alar \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Zeus Heykeli
\n Olimpia’daki Zeus HeykeliZeus Heykeli M.\u00d6. 450 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, ad\u0131na olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n kral\u0131 Zeus i\u00e7in, Olimpiyatlar’a ismini veren Olimpia’da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zeus Heykeli, bir tahta iskelet \u00fczerine alt\u0131n, fildi\u015fi ve metal par\u00e7alar yerle\u015ftirilerek Partenon’un i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Heykelin oturdu\u011fu taban 6,5 m. geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 1 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, heykelin kendisi ise 13 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011findeydi. Olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131 391 y\u0131l\u0131nda Theodosius I taraf\u0131ndan putperestlik olarak de\u011ferlendirilip sona erdirilince, Zeus Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 da kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Heykel, zengin Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Constantinople\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve 462 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nda yok olana dek orada kald\u0131. Bug\u00fcn temelleri [1], birka\u00e7 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kolon[2] ve enkaz[3] t\u00fcm kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131
\n Efes’de Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n temelleri milattan \u00f6nce 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar gitmektedir. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Artemis’e ithafen yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tamamiyle mermerden olu\u015fuyordu. Lidya kral\u0131 Croesus taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131, Yunan mimar Chersiphron taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar\u0131 Pheidias, Polycleitus, Kresilas ve Phradmon taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bronz heykellerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015fti. Tap\u0131nak hem bir pazaryeri, hem de bir dini m\u00fcessese olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 M.\u00d6. 21 Temmuz 356’da ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek isteyen Herostratus adl\u0131 bir Yunanl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 gece B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender do\u011fmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Anadolu\u2019yu fethetti\u011finde Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yard\u0131m teklif etmi\u015f fakat reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Rodos Heykeli <\/p>\n
Rodos Heykeli32 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, demir ve ta\u015fla desteklenmi\u015f bronzdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir heykeldir. Rodoslular taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 [Helios]’a ithafen yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yok olu\u015funa kadar yaln\u0131zca 56 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, Rodos Heykeli d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131ndan biri olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebi, devasa bir heykel olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra Rodos adas\u0131ndaki insanlar i\u00e7in beraberli\u011fin simgesi olmas\u0131 idi. Rodos Heykeli\u2019nin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 tam 12 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve heykel M.\u00d6. 282 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirilmi\u015ftir. Liman giri\u015finde bulunan heykel M.\u00d6.226 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir deprem sonucunda en zay\u0131f noktas\u0131 olan dizinden k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Rodoslular, Firavun Ptolemy III Eurgetes\u2019den restorasyon i\u00e7in yard\u0131m teklifi ald\u0131larsa da, bir k\u00e2hine ba\u015fvuruldu ve yard\u0131m reddedildi. Neredeyse 900 y\u0131l boyunca heykel harabe halinde kald\u0131. 654 y\u0131l\u0131nda Araplar Rodos\u2019u feth ettiler. Heykelden kalanlar\u0131 Suriyeli bir Yahudi\u2019ye satt\u0131lar. S\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131 Suriye\u2019ye 900 devenin s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderiye Feneri
\n \u0130skenderiye FeneriAna madde: \u0130skenderiye Feneri
\n Tehlikeli k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi boyunca gemicileri y\u00f6nlendirmek amac\u0131 ile M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n \u0130skenderiye kenti k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Faros (Pharos) adas\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Proje B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in komutanlar\u0131 Ptolemy Soter zaman\u0131nda M.\u00d6 290 y\u0131llar\u0131 sonunda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011flunun h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131nda bitirilmi\u015ftir. \u015eehrin bat\u0131 liman\u0131nda bulunan fener yakla\u015f\u0131k 166 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir. Sadece harikalar\u0131n de\u011fil bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fenerlerin de en y\u00fckse\u011fidir. Gemicilik i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir ortam sa\u011flamak isteyen Yunanl\u0131 t\u00fcccar Sostratus taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmi\u015ftir. Fener\u2019in en gizemli yan\u0131, g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri bile g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denize yans\u0131tmak amac\u0131 ile tasarlanm\u0131\u015f cilal\u0131 bronz aynalar\u0131yd\u0131. Geceleri ise aynalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ate\u015fler yak\u0131l\u0131yor, b\u00f6ylece aynan\u0131n yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k gece yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 km. mesafeden g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyordu. Yap\u0131 bir dizi depreme kadar bozulmadan kald\u0131. Fakat depremler ve do\u011fal \u015fartlar sonunda \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u00dcst k\u0131sm\u0131 955 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir deprem ve f\u0131rt\u0131nada kopan fenerin g\u00f6vde k\u0131sm\u0131 da 1302’de ba\u015fka bir depremde \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. En sonunda 1480 y\u0131l\u0131nda Meml\u00fck Sultan\u0131 Kait-bay taraf\u0131ndan fenerin oldu\u011fu yere yap\u0131lan bir kalede malzemeleri kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tamamen y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
Halikarnas Mozolesi
\n Halikarnas Mozolesi, Kral Mausollos i\u00e7in kar\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u0131z karde\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir mezar. Bodrum civar\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yap\u0131m\u0131 M.\u00d6. 350 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f. Taban\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde kenarlar\u0131 heykellerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f basamakl\u0131 bir podyum bulunuyordu. S\u00fcsl\u00fc su mermerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f lahit ve mezar odas\u0131, podyumun \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunuyordu ve \u0130yonya tarz\u0131 kolonlarla \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti. S\u0131ra s\u00fctunlar, yine heykellerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f bir piramit \u00e7at\u0131y\u0131 destekliyordu. D\u00f6rt tane sava\u015f arabas\u0131yla \u00e7ekilen bir sava\u015f arabas\u0131 heykeli ise piramidin tavan\u0131n\u0131 donat\u0131yordu. Halikarnas Mozolesi’nin toplam y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 45 m. idi ve 4 taraf\u0131ndaki 4 heykelin her birini ayr\u0131 bir heykelt\u0131ra\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu heykeller, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n de\u011fil de insanlar ve hayvanlar\u0131n heykelleri olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tarihte \u00f6zel birer yer tutarlar. 16 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Halikarnas Mozolesi iyi bir durumda korundu. 15.yy da Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda St.John \u015f\u00f6valyeleri b\u00f6lgeye geldiler ve bug\u00fcn Bodrum Kalesi olarak ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kale yapt\u0131lar. Bu kalenin yap\u0131m\u0131nda Halikarnas Mozolesi’nin nerdeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn ta\u015flar\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer listeler <\/p>\n
Yeni harikalar [de\u011fi\u015ftir]Ana madde: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yeni Yedi Harikas\u0131
\n \u0130svi\u00e7re merkezli “New7Wonders Vakf\u0131”, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni 7 harikas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fmaya 21 finalist eser kat\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyon ki\u015fi cep telefonu ve Yeni Yedi Harika [4] adl\u0131 internet sitesinde 6 y\u0131l boyunca oy kullanarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni 7 harikas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Oylama 7 Temmuz 2007’de (07\/07\/07) sona erdi. Cep telefonu ve internet oylar\u0131yla belirlenen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni 7 harikas\u0131, Portekiz’in ba\u015fkenti Lizbon’da ilan edildi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni 7 harikas\u0131; \u00dcrd\u00fcn’deki Petra Antik Kenti, \u00c7in Seddi, Brezilya’daki Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 \u0130sa Heykeli, Peru’daki Machu Picchu Antik Kenti, Meksika’daki Chichen Itza Piramidi, \u0130talya’n\u0131n Roma kentindeki Kolezyum ve Hindistan’daki Tac Mahal an\u0131tmezar\u0131 \u015feklinde s\u0131raland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka harikalar Bu listeler \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve resmi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n sekizinci harikas\u0131 – (Orijinal listedeki eserlerle yar\u0131\u015fabilecek yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan genel terimdir)
\n Modern d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131 – (Amerikan \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisler Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f liste)
\n Do\u011fal harikalar
\n Turistik seyahat harikalar\u0131
\n Su alt\u0131 harikalar\u0131
\n \u0130nsan harikalar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131, tamam\u0131 insano\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc antik yap\u0131 ve yap\u0131tlard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Antik D\u00f6nemin Yedi Harikas\u0131 ad\u0131yla da an\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u0130lk olarak M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda tarih\u00e7i Heredot taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sidon’lu Antipatros taraf\u0131ndan ilk olarak “D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131 \u00fczerine” (\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f19\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70 \u0398\u03b5\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd) adl\u0131 eserle olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ge\u00e7erli kabul …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[11005,11003,11002,11008,11007,1715,11006,11004],"class_list":["post-5311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-artemis-tapinagi","tag-babilin-asma-bahceleri","tag-dunyanin-yedi-harikasi","tag-halikarnas-mozolesi","tag-iskenderiye-feneri","tag-keops-piramidi","tag-rodos-heykeli","tag-zeus-heykeli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5311\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}