1)YERL\u0130 TOPRAKLAR: \u00dclkemizde yerli topraklar ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n a)\u0130klimin etkili oldu\u011fu yerli topraklar: iklimin etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan bu topraklara ayn\u0131 zamanda zonal veya klimatik topraklar da denir.Buralardaki topraklar\u0131n A ve B katlar\u0131 bulunan yerinde olu\u015fmu\u015f topraklar;\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun ovalar\u0131 ile Karadeniz ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00fcr orman alt\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n A-TERRA \u2013ROSSALAR-(KIRMIZI-TOPRAKLAR):
\n Bu topraklar, Akdeniz ikliminin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6lgelerimizde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kaya \u00fczerinde geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir.Ancak bu topraklar; \u00e7o\u011funlukla kire\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu alanlarda daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Toprak d\u00fcz sahalarda kire\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde e\u011fimli sahalarda kire\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 ve tabaka y\u00fczeyleri boyunca olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Akdeniz topraklar\u0131 Toroslardaki karstik ovalar\u0131n tabanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu da k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 topraklar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Akdeniz topraklar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yeti\u015fmesine uygundur. Topra\u011f\u0131n verimi g\u00fcbre verildi\u011fi takdirde artar.
\n B-ORMAN TOPRAKLARI:
\n Bu topraklar Karadeniz in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde, Y\u0131ld\u0131z da\u011flar\u0131nda, \u0130\u00e7 bat\u0131 Ege\u2019de, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Toroslar da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Organik madde y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00e7ok zengindir ve koyudur. \u0130kiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 1-Kire\u00e7siz Orman Topraklar\u0131: Kuzey Anadolu ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde fazla y\u0131kanmadan dolay\u0131 topraktaki maddeler uzakla\u015f\u0131r, verimsizle\u015fir.
\n 2-Kire\u00e7li Orman Topraklar\u0131: Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneye bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ve i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerdeki me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu sahalarda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fcst kattan ta\u015f\u0131nan karbonatlar altta birikmi\u015ftir. Genel olarak orman topraklar\u0131 tar\u0131m yapmaya uygun olmay\u0131p, ormanlar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesine elveri\u015flidir. Bu topraklar \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131lan tarlalardan ancak bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l iyi verim al\u0131n\u0131r. Daha sonra topra\u011f\u0131n verimi d\u00fc\u015fer. Orman tahrip olmu\u015ftur.
\n C-BOZKIR VE \u00c7AYIR TOPRAKLARI:
\n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, G\u00fcney Do\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu ovalar\u0131nda bozk\u0131rlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kahverengi topraklar bulunur.Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde humus y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin toprak vard\u0131r
\n .Bu topraklar:
\n 1-Kahverengi bozk\u0131r topraklar\u0131: Bunlar \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun al\u00e7ak kesimlerinde bozk\u0131r alt\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f az oldu\u011fundan topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda kire\u00e7 birikimi vard\u0131r. Bu topraklarda tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 2-Kestane renkli topraklar: Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 An.ve D.Anadolu\u2019nun platolar\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu topraklar\u0131n \u00fczerinde uzun otlar ve me\u015feler bulunur.\u00dcst toprak verimlidir.Bu topraklarda da tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 3-\u00c7ernozyomlar(Kara topraklar):Erzurum-Kars platosunda bazalt ve killi araziler \u00fczerinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00d6zellikle Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f,Kars ve G\u00f6le dolaylar\u0131nda. Buradaki uzun boylu otlar yeterince ayr\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcst toprakta birikerek topra\u011f\u0131n koyu renk almas\u0131na neden olur. \u00c7ernezyom \u00fczerinde yeti\u015fen otlar\u0131n verimi y\u00fcksektir.Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.Tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.Bununla beraber tarlalar otlak olarak kullan\u0131lmaya daha elveri\u015flidir.
\n 4-Y\u00fcksek Da\u011flardaki \u00e7ay\u0131r topraklar\u0131: Bu topraklar D.Karadeniz da\u011flar\u0131 ile D.Anadolu\u2019nun Y\u00fcksek platolar\u0131nda ve Hakkari da\u011flar\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir.
\n b-Ana Materyalin Etkili Oldu\u011fu Yerli Topraklar:
\n Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu e\u011fimli yama\u00e7larda toprak a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, geriye s\u0131\u011f bir toprak tabakas\u0131 kal\u0131r. Bu topraklar\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fini ana madde etkiler. Ana materyalin etkisini yans\u0131tan bu topraklara intrazonal topraklar denir. Bu toprak;
\n 1-Kumlu Topraklar: Karadeniz de kumta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu araziler \u00fczerinde bulunan bu topraklar, \u00f6zellikle Bolu, Samsun ve Bart\u0131n aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Ayr\u0131ca Isparta(G\u00f6lc\u00fck) \u0130\u00e7 An. \u00dcrg\u00fcp-Nev\u015fehir aras\u0131nda Do\u011fu An. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, \u0130zmir(Fo\u00e7a) ve K\u0131z\u0131lcahamam dolaylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Su ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi fazla,
\n havalanmas\u0131 iyi,verimsizdir. Tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 bitkilerin yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u00d6rnek: \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da. \u00fcz\u00fcm ve patates, Isparta da g\u00fcl,kumlu topraklarda iyi yeti\u015fir. Granit, gnays, mika\u015fist, trakit ve kuvarsit, kayalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle kumlu topraklar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur .\u00d6r: D.Karadeniz da\u011f, G.D.Toroslarda,Y\u0131ld\u0131z da.
\n 2- Killi ve Kire\u00e7li Topraklar: Genellikle \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, \u0130\u00e7 bat\u0131 An ve D.Anadolu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc havzalar\u0131nda kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. \u0130ki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n a)Vertisoller: Mu\u015f, Alt\u0131nba\u015fak ovalar\u0131nda, Ergene havzas\u0131nda, Bursa \u2013 Karacabey aras\u0131nda,Menemen ovas\u0131nda ve Konya da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Killi topraklard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden, yaz\u0131n kurudu\u011funda \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fur. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n suya doygun hale gelince \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan topraklar y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu topraklara d\u00f6nen toprak anlam\u0131na gelen vertisol denmi\u015ftir. Anadolu da bu topraklara ta\u015f do\u011furan topraklar denir. Topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 organik madde bak\u0131mdan zengindir.Altta kire\u00e7 birikimi vard\u0131r. S\u00fcr\u00fclmesi zordur.
\n b)Rendzinalar: Bu topraklar killi ve kire\u00e7li g\u00f6l tortular\u0131 veya yumu\u015fak kire\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu sahalarda olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Koyu renkli rendzinalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde kire\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131 da bulunur. Toprak, besin maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengindir. Bu topraklarda tah\u0131l yeti\u015ftiren e\u011fimli sahalarda yer yer ormanlar yeti\u015fir. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu Trakya Ege ve D.Anadolu da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n 3-\u00c7orak (tuzlu ve Alkali)Topraklar: Deniz suyu ile tuzlu taban suyu etkisinde kalan sahalarda ve i\u00e7inde tuzlu veya alkoll\u00fc madde bulunduran tortul arazilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Konya havzas\u0131nda Ak g\u00f6l ve \u00c7umra\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde \u00e7orak topraklar vard\u0131r. Taban suyunda bulunan s\u00fclfat ve klor\u00fcrler y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karak birikir. Toprak y\u00fczeyinde k\u00fcmeler olu\u015fur. Bu topraklar havan\u0131n nemini alarak yaz\u0131n bile \u0131slak y\u00fczey olu\u015fturur. Erzurum ovas\u0131nda, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes deltas\u0131nda ince tuz tabakas\u0131 ile kapl\u0131 topraklar olu\u015fur. Oltu, Ka\u011f\u0131zman-I\u011fd\u0131r aras\u0131nda,ispir ve \u015eebinkarahisar civar\u0131nda da \u00e7orak topraklar bulunur. Bu t\u00fcr topraklar\u0131n tar\u0131msal de\u011feri yoktur.
\n TA\u015eINMI\u015e TOPRAKLAR:
\n Akarsu,r\u00fczgar,buzul gibi d\u0131\u015f kuvvetleri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 materyallerin birikmesiyle olu\u015fan topraklara denir. Bu gruba giren topraklar \u015funlard\u0131r.
\n 1-Al\u00fcvyal topraklar: Bu t\u00fcr topraklar; delta ovalar\u0131nda ve akarsular\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Akarsular ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemeleri geni\u015f sahalara yayar ve biriktirir.Malzemelerin boyutuna g\u00f6re al\u00fcvyon topraklarda; kumlu, killi bazende kumlu- killi katlar bulunur. S\u00fcrekli birikmenin oldu\u011fu al\u00fcvyon topraklarda horizonla\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu kenar k\u0131s\u0131mlarda s\u0131\u011f topraklar vard\u0131r.\u00d6rnek:Bafra ve \u00c7ar\u015famba ovalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde al\u00fcvyon \u00fczerinde geli\u015fmi\u015f topraklar vard\u0131r.
\n Mu\u015f ve Erzurum ovalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle taban suyunun y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yerlerde ve delta ovalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre su alt\u0131nda kalan sulu al\u00fcvyal topraklara rastlan\u0131r. Al\u00fcvyal topraklar; mil ve kumdan olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in kolay i\u015flenir. Verimli topraklard\u0131r. Karadeniz delta ovalar\u0131nda sebze, meyve ve akarsu kenarlar\u0131nda \u00e7eltik, Ege ve Akdeniz deltalar\u0131nda sebzecilik, meyvecilik ve serac\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ukurova da iklimin etkisinden dolay\u0131 y\u0131lda birden fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131n\u0131r.
\n 2-Yama\u00e7 Topraklar\u0131: Da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nan maddeler yama\u00e7lar\u0131n eteklerinde birikir. Bu biriken toprakta yama\u00e7 deposu, bu depolar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki topraklara yama\u00e7 topraklar\u0131 denir.Bu topraklar\u0131n fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini yama\u00e7tan gelen malzemenin \u00f6zelliklerini etkilemektedir. Yama\u00e7 depolar\u0131ndaki kaba malzemeler yama\u00e7ta sellerin olu\u015ftu\u011funu, ince malzemeler do\u011fal dengenin bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Yama\u00e7 topraklar\u0131n da\u011f ku\u015faklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n etekleri boyunca yer yer g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar, Toros Da\u011f., Akdeniz eteklerinde, Ege\u2019 de Bozda\u011flar ve Ayd\u0131n Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n eteklerinde depolar ve yama\u00e7 topraklar\u0131 bulunur.Bu topraklar \u00fczerinde;ormanlar,\u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131 ve meyve bah\u00e7eleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedirEge\u2019 deki zeytin, incir a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve t\u00fct\u00fcn tarlalar\u0131 ile Toroslardaki turun\u00e7gillerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu topraklar \u00fczerinde yeti\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1)YERL\u0130 TOPRAKLAR: \u00dclkemizde yerli topraklar ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. a)\u0130klimin etkili oldu\u011fu yerli topraklar: iklimin etkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan bu topraklara ayn\u0131 zamanda zonal veya klimatik topraklar da denir.Buralardaki topraklar\u0131n A ve B katlar\u0131 bulunan yerinde olu\u015fmu\u015f topraklar;\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun ovalar\u0131 ile Karadeniz ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00fcr orman alt\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A-TERRA \u2013ROSSALAR-(KIRMIZI-TOPRAKLAR): Bu topraklar, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2790,10123,11028,11027,11026,11025,11024,11023,11029],"class_list":["post-5329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akdeniz-iklimi","tag-aluvyal-topraklar","tag-cernozyomlar","tag-kahverengi-bozkir-topraklari","tag-kirecli-orman-topraklari","tag-kirecsiz-orman-topraklari","tag-kirmizi-akdeniz-topraklari","tag-toprak-tipleri","tag-yamac-topraklari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5329\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}