N\u00fcfusun ek\u00fcmen saha i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n N\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir haritaya dikkat edilirse, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun bilhassa \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok s\u0131k olarak ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.1- Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Asya 2- Bat\u0131 ve Orta Avrupa 3- Kuzey Amerikan\u0131n do\u011fu taraflar\u0131. Filhakika buralar\u0131 d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun % 80 ini
\n toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asyada ya\u015fayanlar d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, Avrupa’da ya\u015fayanlar d\u00f6rtte birini Kuzey Amerikan\u0131n do\u011fusundakiler on be\u015fte birini meydana getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
Asya da ya\u015fayan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck kitle esas itibariyle iki b\u00f6lgede toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Biri k\u0131tan\u0131n do\u011fusunda di\u011feri g\u00fcneyinde. Bu kalabal\u0131k yerler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. S\u0131k n\u00fcfuslu yerler Avrupa’da , bat\u0131da \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p do\u011fuda Urallara kadar devam eden bir \u015ferit halinde uzanmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Amerika da ise Birle\u015fik Devletlerin kuzeydo\u011fusundan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru uzanmakta kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere do\u011fru \u00f6nemi azalarak devam etmektedir. Ek\u00fcmen saha i\u00e7inde n\u00fcfusun nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in k\u0131t\u2019lar\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saca g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irelim.
\n ASYA :
\n Ayan\u0131n do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneyinde ya\u015fayan insanlar esas itibariyle ge\u00e7imlerini topraktan sa\u011flarlar. Temel besin pirin\u00e7tir. Bu y\u00fczden zengin topraklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ovalara ve nehir kenarlar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu sebeple en kalabal\u0131k b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7inde bulunan ve sulamaya elveri\u015fli olmayan yama\u00e7lar dikkati \u00e7ekecek derecede tenhad\u0131r.
\n \u00c7in
\n Do\u011fu Asyan\u0131n hatta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok n\u00fcfuslu \u00fclkesidir. Fakat her taraf\u0131 ayn\u0131 derecede kalabal\u0131k de\u011fildir. Bat\u0131da Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrkseli, Tibet,Mo\u011folistan da ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 30 milyondan azd\u0131r. Do\u011fuda as\u0131l \u00c7in ad\u0131 verilen ve 4 milyon kilometre kare kadar bir yer kaplayan sahada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n miktar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. Burada bilhassa Sar\u0131 \u0131rmak ( Hoang-Ho) G\u00f6k \u0131rmak (Yang\u00e7e-Kiang) ve K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u0131rmak (Si-Kiang) nehirlerinin deltalar\u0131 ve al\u00fcvyonlu ovalar\u0131 \u00e7ok kalabal\u0131kt\u0131r. N\u00fcfus s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok yerde 800 \u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde baz\u0131 yerlerde ise 1500 \u00fcn yak\u0131n\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kalabal\u0131k yerler bu nehirlere kar\u0131\u015fan ikinci derecedeki akarsular\u0131n etraf\u0131nda uzanan ovalar boyunca ilerleyerek a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdesini and\u0131r\u0131r bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak k\u0131y\u0131larda bilhassa g\u00fcneye do\u011fru kalabal\u0131k bir di\u011fer alan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Buras\u0131 engebeli, tepelik fakat \u00e7ay, \u015fekerkam\u0131\u015f\u0131, baharat, pirin\u00e7 vs\u2026 yeti\u015ftirilen ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi beslenen, denizden fazlaca faydalan\u0131lan bir b\u00f6lgedir. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar buralarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n toplanmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir.
\n Japonya
\n Japonya\u2019da ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 iklimi yumu\u015fak olan g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda (37 derece kuzey paralelinin g\u00fcneyinde ) toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buralarda halk\u0131n %50 si \u015fehirlerde ya\u015famakta ve ge\u00e7imini end\u00fcstri sahas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak sa\u011flamakta, geri kalan\u0131 al\u00fcvyonlu ovalara ve deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, Japonlar\u0131n besinleri aras\u0131nda pirin\u00e7, \u00e7ay kadar \u00f6nemli bir yer i\u015fgal eder. \u00dclkenin kuzey k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ve da\u011fl\u0131k yerler tenhad\u0131r.
\n Hindistan ve Pakistan
\n Bu \u00fclkelerde n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 akarsular boyunca uzanan al\u00fcvyonlu ovalar ile ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Filhakika bu \u00fclkelerin en kalabal\u0131k yerleri Ganj ve \u0130ndus vadileri \u00fczerinde bulunmakta ayn\u0131 kalabal\u0131k saha Himalayalar\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Brahmaputra vadisi boyunca kuzeydo\u011fuya do\u011fru uzanmaktad\u0131r. Buralarda km kareye d\u00fc\u015fen insan say\u0131s\u0131 1000 i a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, Ganj ve Brahmaputra deltas\u0131 \u0131slah edilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u0131smen batakl\u0131klar k\u0131smense i\u00e7ine girilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7 ormanlarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple olduk\u00e7a tenha durumdad\u0131r. Hindistan da kuzeydeki bu kalabal\u0131k saha d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yar\u0131madan\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki oval\u0131k alanlarla, bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan yerler n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu y\u00fcksek yerlerdir. Bu \u00fclkede de da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f esas itibariyle tar\u0131m imkan\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Avrupa
\n Avrupa da n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gayr\u0131 muntazam oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ancak bu k\u0131tada kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfuslu sahalar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Asya da ki gibi keskin de\u011fildir. Ke\u015fif b\u00f6lgelerden az n\u00fcfuslu yerlere do\u011fru 50 inci kuzey paraleli boyunca hemen hemen kesintisiz olarak Urallara kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 yerde az veya \u00e7ok geni\u015f sahalar kaplayan ke\u015fif n\u00fcveler mevcuttur. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131rada\u011flar n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f haritas\u0131nda beyaz \u015feritler halinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte 60. kuzey paralelinin kuzeyinde kalan sahalar kutba do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e tenhala\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfuslu \u015feridin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’nin ortas\u0131nda penin s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n iki taraf\u0131nda bulunur. Buralarda zengin k\u00f6m\u00fcr yataklar\u0131 mevcuttur. Bu sebeple bu b\u00f6lge Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n end\u00fcstrile\u015fmeye ilk ba\u015flayan sahas\u0131 olmu\u015f bu g\u00fcnde bu sahan\u0131n en ileri yerleri olmak vasf\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmemi\u015ftir. Penin b\u00f6lgesinde demir \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisinin hemen her kolu y\u00fcnl\u00fc ve pamuklu dokuma end\u00fcstrisi en fazla g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan end\u00fcstri kollar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sahada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n % 90 \u0131 \u015fehirlerde toplanm\u0131\u015f ve ge\u00e7imini end\u00fcstri ve ticarete ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1500 i bulan yerler vard\u0131r
\n .
\n Penin b\u00f6lgesindeki kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfus sahas\u0131 bir taraftan g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya do\u011fru uzan\u0131r.Bristol kanal\u0131n\u0131n kuzey k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki end\u00fcstri sahas\u0131n\u0131 kaplar.Di\u011fer taraftan g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya do\u011fru ilerleyerek Londra havzas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r.Londra havzas\u0131n\u0131n kalabal\u0131k b\u00f6lgesi,g\u00fcneyde Man\u015f denizi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar yay\u0131l\u0131r.Bu havza,bilhassa k\u00f6m\u00fcre ve di\u011fer hammaddelere ihtiyac\u0131 az olan daha \u00e7ok bilgi ve y\u00fcksek teknik ile fazla de\u011ferlendirilen maddelere istinat eden end\u00fcstri kollar\u0131na sahiptir.Kimya ve elektrikle i\u015fleyen aletler end\u00fcstrileri gibi.Ayr\u0131ca Londra,\u0130ngiltere de ticaretin en fazla geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir \u015fehir,b\u00fcy\u00fck bir antrepo liman\u0131,siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir merkezdir.B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sebepler Londra havzas\u0131na \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n toplanmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere de demir ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve maden end\u00fcstrisinin geli\u015fti\u011fi New Castle \u00e7evresi ile \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da Lowlandbler orta \u0130ngiltere derecesinde kalabal\u0131k yerlerdir.
\n \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u015flayan kalabal\u0131k saha,Man\u015f denizi \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7er,Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyini Bel\u00e7ika ve Hollanda\u2019y\u0131 kaplar.Buralar,yer alt\u0131 zenginli\u011fi \u00f6nemli,tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri,end\u00fcstri ve ticareti geli\u015fmi\u015f sahalard\u0131r.Ortalama n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu 320 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n Kalabal\u0131k saha daha do\u011fuda Almayan\u0131n Ruhr havzas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r.Buras\u0131,bu \u00fclkenin en Kalabal\u0131k yeridir.kilometre kareye isabet eden say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 1200 \u00fc buldu\u011fu Ruhr havzas\u0131nda n\u00fcfusu 100.000 i a\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck end\u00fcstri \u015fehirleri k\u0131sa mesafede yan yana s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ruhr havzas\u0131ndan sonra kalabal\u0131k sahan\u0131n ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Biri Ren nehri boyunca g\u00fcneye uzan\u0131r.\u0130svi\u00e7re yaylas\u0131n\u0131 kaplar ve Ren nehrini takip ederek Fransa ya ge\u00e7er.Gittik\u00e7e incelmek ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu azalmak suretiyle Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r.\u201dBuralarda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 end\u00fcstri sahalar\u0131d\u0131r.Di\u011feri orta Almanya \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erek Silezya ve \u00c7ekoslavakyadaki Bohemya hazas\u0131na,G\u00fcney Polonya \u00fczerinden do\u011fuya do\u011fru ilerleyerek Karpatlar\u0131n kuzeyinden Ukrayna ya ula\u015f\u0131r.Bu saha \u00e7e\u015fitli madenler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan,end\u00fcstri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geli\u015fmi\u015f,zengin topraklar\u0131n mevcudiyeti ve tatbik edilen metotlar\u0131n m\u00fckemmel olu\u015fu gibi sebeplerle tar\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilerlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu yerlerdir.b\u00fct\u00fcn bu sebeplerle buralara toplanm\u0131\u015f olan insanlar n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun 100 \u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00fcfusun ek\u00fcmen saha i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 N\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir haritaya dikkat edilirse, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun bilhassa \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok s\u0131k olarak ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.1- Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Asya 2- Bat\u0131 ve Orta Avrupa 3- Kuzey Amerikan\u0131n do\u011fu taraflar\u0131. Filhakika buralar\u0131 d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun % 80 ini toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asyada ya\u015fayanlar d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, Avrupa’da ya\u015fayanlar d\u00f6rtte birini Kuzey …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[3393,1685,11052,4117,10058,3394,4118],"class_list":["post-5361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-asya","tag-avrupa","tag-dunyada-ki-nufusun-dagilimi","tag-hindistan","tag-japonya","tag-kuzey-amerika","tag-pakistan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5361"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}