Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131<\/p>\n
Sultan Alparslan\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Kara Arslan Kavurd Bey taraf\u0131ndan, Kirman\u2019da kurulan devlet.
\n B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck olan Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Merv\u2019de toplanan Sel\u00e7uklu b\u00fcy\u00fckleri, o zamana kadar ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve ge\u00e7irilecek topraklar\u0131n idaresini, hanedan \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu payla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Tabes vilayeti ile Kirman b\u00f6lgesi ve Kuhistan havalisi, Kara Arslan Kavurd Beye verilmi\u015fti. Melik Kavurd, maiyetinde bulunan be\u015f-alt\u0131 bin T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarisi ile, kendisine verilen Kirman b\u00f6lgesine girdi. B\u00f6lgeye hakim bulunan B\u00fcveyh\u00ee em\u00eerinin naibi Behram bin Le\u015fkeristan, T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 koyamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131 ve Kirman\u2019\u0131n merkezi olan Berdes\u00eer\u2019e \u00e7ekilerek m\u00fcdafaaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre sonra, Melik Kavurd ile anla\u015fmak mecburiyetinde kald\u0131. Behram, eman dileyerek \u015fehri teslim etmeye ve k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 Kavurd Beye vermeye raz\u0131 oldu. Bunun \u00fczerine Kirman, 1048 senesinde, Kavurd\u2019un idaresi alt\u0131na girdi. B\u00f6ylece, 1186 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam edecek olan Kirman Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin temeli at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Melik Kavurd\u2019un hakim oldu\u011fu Serd-s\u00eer b\u00f6lgesi, burada ya\u015fayan halk\u0131 besleyecek kadar verimli de\u011fildi. Kirman\u2019\u0131 besleyen Germ-s\u00eer b\u00f6lgesi, Kufs denilen da\u011fl\u0131 kavmin elinde idi. Melik Kavurd, takip etti\u011fi siyaset neticesinde, ani bir bask\u0131nla Kufs kavmini da\u011f\u0131tarak Kirman\u2019a tamam\u0131yla hakim oldu (1051). <\/p>\n
Melik Kara Arslan Kavurd, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Em\u00eeri Bedr \u0130sa \u00c7\u00e2\u015f\u00fb\u2019nun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemilerle, Umman\u2019a sefer d\u00fczenledi. Bu, Sel\u00e7uklu tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ilk deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 seferdi. Sel\u00e7uklu ordusu, Umman sahillerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7inde kalan B\u00fcveyh\u00ee em\u00eeri, askerini toplamaya f\u0131rsat bulamad\u0131 ve gizlenmeyi tercih etti. Kavurd, hi\u00e7bir mukavemetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan Umman\u2019a hakim oldu. <\/p>\n
Kavurd, bundan sonra Fars b\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Fars b\u00f6lgesinde o s\u0131rada \u015eebankare emirlerinden Fazl\u00fbye hakimdi. Kavurd, ilk \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgenin merkezi olan \u015eiraz \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Fazl\u00fbye, \u015fehri terk ederek Cehrem Kalesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. \u015eiraz\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Kavurd, 1062 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Fars b\u00f6lgesine de hakim oldu. <\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Tu\u011frul Bey’in 1063 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine Kavurd da, amcas\u0131n\u0131n yerine sultan olmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Fakat, karde\u015fi Alparslan\u2019\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber al\u0131nca \u0130sfahan\u2019dan geri d\u00f6nerek onun sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Fazl\u00fbye, Fars\u2019\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti ise de, Kavurd\u2019a ma\u011flup olarak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bunun \u00fczerine Sultan Alparslan\u2019dan yard\u0131m istedi. Kavurd\u2019un daha fazla kuvvetlenmesini ve hakimiyet sahas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesini istemeyen Sultan Alparslan, Fars \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek, b\u00f6lgeyi Fazl\u00fbye\u2019ye iade etti. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Melik Kavurd, vezirinin te\u015fviki ile isyan etti. Alparslan, bu durumu \u00f6\u011frenince, hemen Kirman \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00d6nc\u00fc kuvvetler aras\u0131ndaki muharebeyi kaybeden Kavurd, ka\u00e7t\u0131 ise de, Sultan Alparslan taraf\u0131ndan affedildi. <\/p>\n
Melik Kavurd, 1073 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bu defa Sultan Melik\u015fah\u2019la giri\u015fti\u011fi m\u00fccadeleyi kaybetti ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Kavurd, \u00e2dil bir komutan ve devlet adam\u0131 idi. C\u00f6mertli\u011fi ve iyi idaresi ile halk\u0131 memnun etmi\u015f, zaman\u0131nda Kirman halk\u0131 bolluk ve refaha kavu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Onun zaman\u0131nda Kirman, en parlak devirlerinden birini ya\u015fad\u0131. Melik Kavurd\u2019un vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu Kirman\u015fah\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sene s\u00fcrd\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Kirman\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, Kavurd\u2019un k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu H\u00fcseyin tahta ge\u00e7ti. Fakat Hemedan\u2019da tutuklu bulundu\u011fu hapisten ka\u00e7an Kavurd\u2019un di\u011fer o\u011flu Sultan\u015fah, karde\u015fini tahttan indirerek yerine ge\u00e7ti (1074). Bir s\u00fcre sonra Sultan Melik\u015fah, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu ile Kirman \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Kaynaklarda bu seferin sebebi zikredilmemektedir. Kalabal\u0131k Sel\u00e7uklu ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 koyamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Sultan\u015fah, Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131 kendisi kar\u015f\u0131layarak, ona b\u00fcy\u00fck hediyeler takdim etti. Bunun \u00fczerine Melik\u015fah, onu affederek yerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve itaat edece\u011fi hususunda verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zde durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yemin ettirdi. Melik\u015fah, Berdesir \u00f6n\u00fcnde on yedi g\u00fcn kald\u0131ktan ve k\u0131zlar\u0131ndan birini Sultan\u015fah ile evlendirdikten sonra \u0130sfahan\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc (1080). Sultan\u015fah, 1085 senesi Ocak ay\u0131nda hastalanarak \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Sultan\u015fah\u2019\u0131n yerine karde\u015fi Turan\u015fah ge\u00e7ti. Turan\u015fah, askeri i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015flalar yapt\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli imar faaliyetlerinde bulundu. Di\u011fer yandan, Kavurd\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Fars eyaletinin hakimiyetini kaybetmi\u015flerdi. Sultan Melik\u015fah, bu b\u00f6lgenin idaresini Emir\u00fcddevle Humar Tigin\u2019e vermi\u015fti. Bu em\u00eerin idaresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Fars b\u00f6lgesinde asayi\u015f bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Durumdan faydalanan Turan\u015fah, Fars \u00fczerine iki sefer d\u00fczenledi. Birincisinde ma\u011flup oldu ise de, ikincisinde zafer kazanarak bu b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130syan eden Umman halk\u0131n\u0131 itaat alt\u0131na ald\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u00c7ok \u00e2dil ve iyi ahl\u00e2kl\u0131 olan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r olan Turan\u015fah, on \u00fc\u00e7 senelik bir saltanattan sonra 1097\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Turan\u015fah\u2019\u0131n yerine o\u011flu \u0130ran\u015fah ge\u00e7ti. \u0130ran\u015fah \u00e7evresindeki baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin etkisi ile, bir m\u00fcddet sonra, sap\u0131k B\u00e2t\u0131n\u00ee yolunu kabul edince, halka k\u00f6t\u00fc davranmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, kad\u0131 ve \u00e2limlerden baz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu duruma dayanamayan halk, \u015feyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m ve kad\u0131lara m\u00fcr\u00e2caat etti. \u015eeyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m ve zaman\u0131n kad\u0131lar\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sebebiyle, \u0130ran\u015fah\u2019\u0131n tahttan indirilmesi i\u00e7in fetva verdiler. Halk, verilen fetva \u00fczerine ayakland\u0131. \u0130ran\u015fah \u00f6nce af diledi. Sonra ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ise de, yakalanarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (1101). Bu olaylar ve \u015fehzadeler aras\u0131ndaki taht m\u00fccadeleleri, Kirman Sel\u00e7uklu Devletini y\u0131k\u0131lma noktas\u0131na getirmi\u015fti. Ancak, bu s\u0131rada tahta \u00e7\u0131kan Kirman\u015fah\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu birinci Arslan\u015fah, Sultan Sencer\u2019in hakimiyetini tan\u0131d\u0131. Saltanatta bulundu\u011fu 1101-1142 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, parlak bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fad\u0131. Fars b\u00f6lgesini hakimiyeti alt\u0131na ald\u0131. \u0130mar faaliyetleri artt\u0131. Arslan\u015fah, 1142\u2019de isyan eden o\u011flu Muhammed taraf\u0131ndan tahttan indirildi. <\/p>\n
Muhammed (1142-1156) ve ondan sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan Tu\u011frul\u015fah (1156-1170) d\u00f6nemlerinde, saltanat m\u00fccadeleleri ve i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar sonucu, devlet zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce Irak Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131’n\u0131n hakimiyeti alt\u0131na giren devlet, 1180 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren O\u011fuzlar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131. Bilhassa Tu\u011frul\u015fah\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 \u0130kinci Arslan\u015fah, Behram\u015fah ve \u0130kinci Tu\u011frul\u015fah aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan saltanat m\u00fccadelesinden faydalanan O\u011fuzlar, Kirman\u2019a \u00fcst \u00fcste ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlediler. 1186 senesinde, Kirman\u2019a giren O\u011fuz Beyi Melik Dinar, \u0130kinci Muhammed\u015fah\u2019\u0131n Irak\u2019a gitmesinden de istifade ederek, Kirman Sel\u00e7uklu Devletine son verdi. <\/p>\n
Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bir melik bulunmakta idi. Melikten sonra atabeg gelirdi. Atabeg, vilayetleri idare ile g\u00f6revlendirilen, hen\u00fcz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta olan \u015fehzadelere hoca s\u0131fat\u0131yla tayin ediliyor ve onlar\u0131n devlet i\u015flerinde yeti\u015fmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Saray te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklulardaki gibiydi. Sarayda; \u00dcst\u00e2d-\u00fcd-D\u00e2r, Sil\u00e2hd\u00e2rl\u0131k, Ahurdarl\u0131k, em\u00eer-i c\u00e2mehane, Hans\u00e2l\u00e2rl\u0131k, Cand\u00e2rl\u0131k, B\u00e2zd\u00e2rl\u0131k, Ned\u00eemlik, serhengler, Saray muallimli\u011fi, Mutripler, S\u00e2k\u00eeler ve Hademeler bulunurdu. <\/p>\n
Devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 da, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devletininki gibiydi. Devlet i\u015fleri D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00e2\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp, kar\u00e2ra ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fka B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00eev\u00e2n, \u0130n\u015f\u00e2 D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131, \u0130stif\u00e2 D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131, \u0130\u015fr\u00e2f D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131, D\u00eev\u00e2n-\u0131 Arz, Ber\u00eed D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet i\u015flerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurulu\u015flar da vard\u0131. <\/p>\n
Kirman ordusu, \u00e7e\u015fitli unsurlardan meydana gelirdi. Ordunun \u00e7ekirde\u011fini \u00e7e\u015fitli boylardan toplanm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrklerin te\u015fkil etti\u011fi boy birlikleri meydana getiriyordu. Gul\u00e2mlar, (k\u00f6lelikten yeti\u015ftirilenler), ordunun ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 meydana getiriyordu. Her sultan\u0131n, \u015fehzade, atabeg, emir, sivil ve asker\u00ee devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 gul\u00e2mlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Bunlar sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan yeti\u015ftirilirlerdi. <\/p>\n
Kirman Sel\u00e7uklu melikleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve imar faaliyetlerine \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermi\u015fler, halk\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi. Melikler ve devlet adamlar\u0131 bir \u00e7ok \u00e2lim, \u015f\u00e2ir ve ilim adam\u0131n\u0131 himaye etmi\u015flerdir. Efdaledd\u00een Eb\u00fb Hamid Ahmed, Ezr\u00e2k\u00ee, Burh\u00e2n\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcseyn Kutbulevliy\u00e2, \u015eeyh Cem\u00e2ledd\u00een Ahmed, \u0130m\u00e2m Eb\u00fb Abdullah Muhammed, \u0130sm\u00e2il bin Ahmed Ni\u015f\u00e2b\u00fbr\u00ee, \u015eeyh Burh\u00e2nedd\u00een Eb\u00fb Nasr Ahmed, K\u00e2d\u0131 Eb\u00fc\u2019l-\u00c2l\u00e2 Ali Sem\u00e2n\u00ee, Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yeti\u015fen belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u00e2limlerdendir. <\/p>\n
Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131nda imar faaliyetleri, Kavurd zaman\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. Kavurd, \u00f6nce Sistan ve Derre yolu \u00fczerine bir derbend in\u015fa ettirdi ve Derre\u2019ye bir han ile hamam yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Melik Kavurd\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra imar faaliyetleri bir s\u00fcre durdu ise de Birinci Turan\u015fah devrinde yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce kendisi i\u00e7in bir saray ve k\u00f6\u015fk, bu saray\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda Ulu Cami ve birbirine biti\u015fik olmak \u00fczere medrese, hank\u00e2h, b\u00eem\u00e2rist\u00e2n, hamam ve ribat gibi hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131 yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Birinci Arslan\u015fah da, babas\u0131 gibi, imar faaliyetlerine devam ederek, Berdesir, Bem ve Ciruft \u015fehirlerinde medrese, rib\u00e2t ve mescitler yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Onun yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli eser, Mescid-i Melik\u2019deki k\u00fct\u00fcphanedir. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanede fen ilimleri ile ilgili be\u015f bin kitap vard\u0131. Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 da, onlar\u0131n atabegleri de imar faaliyetlerinde bulundular. Kirman\u2019da bug\u00fcn var olan ve Sel\u00e7uklu devrinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan, fakat kimin yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen bir\u00e7ok sanat eseri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kirman Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Sultan Alparslan\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Kara Arslan Kavurd Bey taraf\u0131ndan, Kirman\u2019da kurulan devlet. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck olan Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Merv\u2019de toplanan Sel\u00e7uklu b\u00fcy\u00fckleri, o zamana kadar ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve ge\u00e7irilecek topraklar\u0131n idaresini, hanedan \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu payla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Tabes vilayeti ile Kirman b\u00f6lgesi ve Kuhistan havalisi, Kara Arslan Kavurd …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1514,1779,1542,1780],"class_list":["post-539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-buyuk-selcuklu-devleti","tag-kirman-selcuklulari","tag-sultan-alparslan","tag-tugrul-bey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/539\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}