Kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde ve y\u00fcksek da\u011flar \u00fczerinde,ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fekillendirici d\u0131\u015f kuvvet buzullard\u0131r. Bu alanlarda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar genellikle kar \u015feklinde olur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k 00C’nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan ya\u011fan karlar tamam\u0131yla eriyemez, arta kalanlar \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u0131l boyunca ortadan kalkmayan karlara kal\u0131c\u0131 kar (tokto\u011fan kar) ad\u0131 verilir. Kal\u0131c\u0131 kar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 enleme ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede 5000-6000 m’den ge\u00e7en kal\u0131c\u0131 kar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131,T\u00fcrkiye’de kenar da\u011flar \u00fczerinde 3200-3500 m’de eri\u015filir,i\u00e7 kesimlerde ise 4000 m’den ge\u00e7er. Kutuplarda ve da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde meydana gelen buzullar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r.
\n a)Sirk Buzulu:Y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda \u00e7ukurluklar i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck buzullard\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde A\u011fr\u0131, Cilo, Ka\u00e7kar,Sat, Uluda\u011f, Nemrut, Toroslar ve Karadeniz da\u011flar\u0131nda sirk buzullar\u0131na rastlan\u0131r.
\n b)Vadi Buzulu:Y\u00fcksek da\u011flar \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan sirk buzullar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde e\u011fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara do\u011fru iner,vadi i\u00e7lerini doldurur. Buna vadi buzulu denir. Cilo da\u011f\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr vadi buzullar\u0131 bulunur.
\n c)\u00d6rt\u00fc Buzulu:Kutuplara yak\u0131n sahalarda olu\u015fan ve binlerce km alan kaplayan buzullard\u0131r. Antarktika ve Gr\u00f6nland \u00f6rt\u00fc buzullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerdir. Kutup b\u00f6lgelerindeki buzullar,buzul da\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131n denize ula\u015fan k\u0131sm\u0131na aysberg denir. Kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde deniz i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan buzullara bankiz ad\u0131 verilir.
\n BUZUL A\u015eINDIRMA \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130
\n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktirme yoluyla \u015fekillendirirler. Buzullar de\u011fi\u015fen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r,erir yada bas\u0131nc\u0131n veya yama\u00e7 e\u011fiminin etkisiyle hareket ederler. Bu hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bulunduklar\u0131 zeminde cilalama,s\u0131y\u0131rma, s\u00f6kme,koparma \u015feklinde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yaparlar. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 malzemeyi erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde biriktirerek biriktirme \u015fekillerini olu\u015ftururlar.
\n a)Buzul Vadisi:Buzullar t\u00fcm vadiyi doldurarak hareket ettikleri i\u00e7in t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyi a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bu nedenle buzullar\u0131n vadileri akarsular\u0131nkinden farkl\u0131 olarak ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Enine profili “U” bi\u00e7imindedir. Ana buzula ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yan buzullar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu vadilere de as\u0131l\u0131 vadi denir.
\n b)H\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7 Kaya:Buzullar diren\u00e7li kaya s\u0131rtlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fcleyerek h\u00f6rg\u00fcce benzer yuvarlak \u015fekiller olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlara h\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7 kaya ad\u0131 verilir. T\u00fcrkiye’de Do\u011fu Anadolu’da Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131’nda \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n c)Buzul Yala\u011f\u0131 (Sirk):Buzullar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7ukurlard\u0131r. Sonradan buzullar\u0131n erimesi ile bu \u00e7ukurlarda sirk g\u00f6lleri meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\n BUZUL B\u0130R\u0130KT\u0130RME \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130
\n Buzullar a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 materyalleri bir s\u00fcre ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131ktan sonra ba\u015fka bir yerde biriktirirler. B\u00f6ylece, buzul biriktirme \u015fekilleri olu\u015fur. Buzullardan \u00e7\u0131kan akarsular, buzullar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ova \u015feklinde geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fckler olu\u015ftururlar. Bu d\u00fczl\u00fcklere sander d\u00fczl\u00fckleri denir. Buzullar\u0131n,vadi ve yama\u00e7lardan koparm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 kaya par\u00e7alar\u0131na ta\u015f ve topraklara moren (buzulta\u015f) denir. Bunlar,buzullar\u0131n taban\u0131nda buzul dillerinin yanlar\u0131nda ve \u00f6nlerinde birikirler. B\u00f6ylece moren setleri meydana gelir. Da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckseklerinde buzullar\u0131n ilk olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdeki \u00e7ukurluklarda sular toplanarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6ller meydana gelir. Bunlara sirk g\u00f6lleri denir. <\/p>\n
BUZULLAR <\/p>\n
Kutup b\u00f6lgeleri ile y\u00fcksek da\u011flar\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131l hi\u00e7 erimeden kalan karlara Tokta\u011fan kar (daimi) denir. Enlemin etkisiyle tokta\u011fan kar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Ekvatordan Kutuplara do\u011fru azal\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %10 \u2018u (15 milyon km2 si) buzullarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Buzullar\u0131n etki alan\u0131 daha \u00e7ok kutuplara yak\u0131n yerlerdir.
\n Buzul \u00c7e\u015fitleri
\n 1. Sirk Buzulu :Y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k alanlardaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ukurluklar\u0131 dolduran buzullard\u0131r. Yurdumuzda baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde vard\u0131r. \u00d6r: Cilo. Sat, A\u011fr\u0131, Tend\u00fcrek, S\u00fcphan , Ka\u00e7kar, Erciyes, Beyda\u011flar\u0131, Geyik Da\u011flar\u0131, Bolkar , Binbo\u011fa da\u011flar\u0131 gibi.
\n 2. Vadi Buzulu: Buzul a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan vadilerin i\u00e7ini dolduran buzullard\u0131r. \u00d6r: Cilo da\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi.
\n 3. \u00d6rt\u00fc Buzulu: Kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Antartika ve Gr\u00f6nland\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi. Kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde denizde y\u00fczen buz da\u011flar\u0131na Aysberg denir. <\/p>\n
4. Takke Buzulu: volkan da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda olu\u015fan buzullard\u0131r. \u00d6r: A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n
Buzul a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 \u015funlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r
\n 1. Buzulun kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na: Kal\u0131nl\u0131k fazla ise a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma oyma \u015feklinde , az ise t\u00f6rp\u00fcleme \u015feklinde olur.
\n 2. Yatak E\u011fimine: Yatak e\u011fimi fazla ise a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma t\u00f6rp\u00fcleme \u015feklinde , az ise oyma \u015feklindedir.
\n 3. Kayalar\u0131n \u00d6zelli\u011fine: Zemin sert kayalardan olu\u015fmu\u015f ise a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma t\u00f6rp\u00fcleme \u015feklinde , yumu\u015fak ise oyma \u015feklinde olur.
\n Buzul A\u015f\u0131n\u0131m \u015eekilleri
\n 1. Buzul Vadisi: Buzul a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan \u201cU\u201d \u015feklindeki vadilerdir. Akarsu vadilerine g\u00f6re boylar\u0131 k\u0131sad\u0131r ve s\u00fcrekli ini\u015f g\u00f6stermezler (ini\u015fli \u2013\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r) <\/p>\n
2. H\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7 Kaya: Farkl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nma sonucu olu\u015fan ve deve h\u00f6rg\u00fcc\u00fcne benzeyen kayalard\u0131r.
\n 3. Sirk (buz yala\u011f\u0131) \u00e7ukurlu\u011fu: Da\u011flar\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma ile olu\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ukurluklad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Buzul Biriktirme \u015eekilleri
\n 1. Moren setti: Buzullar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kum \u00e7ak\u0131l gibi maddelere moren denir. Bunlar\u0131 eridi\u011fi yerde biriktirmesi ile olu\u015fan sette denir.
\n 2. Drumlin: Buzul biriktirmesi ile olu\u015fan al\u00e7ak tepelere denir.
\n 3. Sander Ovas\u0131: Buzullar\u0131n eridi\u011fi yerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan akarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemeleri biriktirmesi ile olu\u015fan d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir.
\n *** T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yer \u015fekillerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda en az etkili olan d\u0131\u015f kuvvet buzullard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
G – BUZULLAR
\n Kutuplarda ve da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kar \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar \u00fcst \u00fcste birikerek kal\u0131n kar ve buz tabakalar\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. Binlerce y\u0131l boyunca kalan ve erimeyen bu \u00f6rt\u00fcye Kal\u0131c\u0131 Kar (Tokta\u011fan) denir. Kutuplarda 0 m’de ba\u015flayan kal\u0131c\u0131 kar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ekvatora do\u011fru y\u00fckselir ve 5000m’ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00dclkemizde bu s\u0131n\u0131r 2500m civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc zamanla so\u011fu\u011fun etkisiyle kat\u0131lar\u015f\u0131r ve Buzul haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
Buzul \u00c7e\u015fitleri
\n 1) Sirk Buzulu : Da\u011f doruklar\u0131 ve yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ukurlar\u0131 dolduran ve uzaktan, yama\u00e7 boyunca beyaz lekeler \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen buzullard\u0131r.
\n 2) Takke Buzulu: Da\u011flar\u0131n doruklar\u0131n\u0131 takke gibi kaplayan buzullard\u0131r.
\n 3) Vadi Buzulu : Takke buzullar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru uzanan ve vadileri dolduran kollar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 4) \u00d6rt\u00fc Buzulu : Kutup B\u00f6lgelerinde olu\u015fan ve kara k\u00fctlelerini kaplayan buzullard\u0131r. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc buzullar\u0131ndan kopan buzul par\u00e7alar\u0131na Aysberg (Buzda\u011f\u0131) denir. Deniz y\u00fczeyinin donmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan kal\u0131n buz tabakalar\u0131na Bankiz denir. <\/p>\n
Buzul A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma \u015eekilleri
\n Y\u0131l boyunca erimeden kalan kal\u0131n buz \u00f6rt\u00fcleri mevsimler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeleri ile gev\u015feyip s\u0131k\u0131\u015farak ve da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda e\u011fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hareket ederek \u00fczerinde bulunduklar\u0131 kaya\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ve sert yap\u0131lar\u0131 sayesinde a\u015f\u0131nbd\u0131r\u0131rlar. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 malzemeleri de ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktirme yoluyla \u015fekillendirme yaparlar.
\n 1) Buzul Vadisi : Da\u011f doruklar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sarkam buzul dillerinin hareketiyle yataklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 U \u015fekilli oluklard\u0131r.Bunlara tekne ad\u0131da verilir. (\u00d6rnek)
\n 2) Sirk \u00c7ana\u011f\u0131(Buz Yala\u011f\u0131) a\u011f doruklar\u0131na, yak\u0131n yerlerde kolay a\u015f\u0131nabilen y\u00fczeylerin a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7anaklard\u0131r.Bu \u00e7anaklar 40-50m’den birka\u00e7 km’ye kadar \u00e7apa sahip olabilirler. Bazen de buradaki buzulun erimesiyle Sirk G\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelebilirler.
\n 3) H\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7 Kaya : Buzullar\u0131n kayalar\u0131n yumu\u015fak k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p sert k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan t\u00fcmsek \u015feklindeki ve parlak y\u00fczeyli kayalard\u0131r. (\u00d6rnek)<\/p>\n
Buzul Biriktirme \u015eekilleri
\n 1) Moren Setleri (Buzul\u015fta\u015f) : Buzullar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemeyi (Morenleri) \u00fcst \u00fcste b\u00fcr\u00fcktirmesiyle olu\u015fan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlard\u0131r. Bazen buzul dillerinin eriyerek geri \u00e7ekilmesi sonucu Moren Y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde toplanan sular Moren Set G\u00f6llerini olu\u015ftururlar. (\u00d6rnek)
\n 2) Sander D\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc : Buzullar\u0131n toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemenin, buzullar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmelip ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir.
\n 3) Drumlin : Buzullar\u0131n biriktirdi\u011fi materyallerrin buzulun alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda erimeler sonucu olu\u015fan derelerin i\u015flemesiyle olu\u015fan balina s\u0131rt\u0131na benzeyen yass\u0131 tepeciklerdir. \u00dclkemizde buzul birikim \u015fekillerinden sadece Morenler bulunur. Onlarda akarsular taraf\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kutup b\u00f6lgelerinde ve y\u00fcksek da\u011flar \u00fczerinde,ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fekillendirici d\u0131\u015f kuvvet buzullard\u0131r. Bu alanlarda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar genellikle kar \u015feklinde olur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k 00C’nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan ya\u011fan karlar tamam\u0131yla eriyemez, arta kalanlar \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u0131l boyunca ortadan kalkmayan karlara kal\u0131c\u0131 kar (tokto\u011fan kar) ad\u0131 verilir. Kal\u0131c\u0131 kar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 enleme ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Ekvatoral b\u00f6lgede 5000-6000 m’den ge\u00e7en kal\u0131c\u0131 kar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[11095,3167,3254,4263,4256,3255,4081,3168,11094,3169],"class_list":["post-5401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-buzul-asindirma-sekilleri","tag-buzul-cesitleri","tag-buzul-vadisi","tag-buzul-yalagi","tag-buzullar-ve-etkileri","tag-horguc-kaya","tag-ortu-buzulu","tag-sirk-buzulu","tag-toktogan-kar","tag-vadi-buzulu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}