Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi<\/p>\n
On d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc as\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131nda Ayd\u0131n ve \u00e7evresinde kurulan T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi. <\/p>\n
Germiyan ordusu suba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Ayd\u0131no\u011flu M\u00fcbariz\u00fcddin Mehmed Bey kurmu\u015ftur. Germiyano\u011flu Birinci Yakub Bey taraf\u0131ndan, Ayd\u0131n ve \u00e7evresini fethetmekle g\u00f6revlendirilen Mehmed Bey, \u00f6ncelikle Sasa Beyin elindeki Tire, Ayaslu\u011f (Sel\u00e7uk) ve Birgi\u2019yi ele ge\u00e7irdi. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Sasa Bey \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (1307). Bundan sonra Birgi\u2019yi kendisine merkez se\u00e7erek beyli\u011fini ilan eden Mehmed Bey, gaza harekat\u0131na devam etti. 1310\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u0130zmir\u2019i, 1328\u2019de G\u00e2vur \u0130zmir\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi. Mehmed Bey, bundan sonra orta\u00e7a\u011f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk gelene\u011fine uyarak, \u00fclkesinin idaresini, be\u015f o\u011flu aras\u0131nda pay etti. Kendisi, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar s\u0131fat\u0131 ile Birgi\u2019de oturdu. Ayaslu\u011f\u2019da kurdu\u011fu tersane ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir donanma meydana getirdi. \u0130zmir valisi tayin etti\u011fi o\u011flu Umur Bey, bu donanmayla Sak\u0131z, A\u011fr\u0131boz, Bozcaada, Mora ve Rumeli k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenledi. (Bkz. T\u00fcrk Denizcili\u011fi)<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Mehmed Beyin 1334\u2019te bir av s\u0131ras\u0131nda attan d\u00fc\u015ferek hastalanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, yerine, karde\u015flerinin de ittifak\u0131yla Gazi Umur Bey ge\u00e7ti. Umur Bey, 14 y\u0131ll\u0131k beyli\u011finde, devlet merkezi Birgi\u2019de ancak \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn oturabilmi\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn saltanat\u0131 sava\u015flarla ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Umur Beyin devri, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n en parlak devri olmu\u015ftur. Saruhano\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Beyle beraber giri\u015fti\u011fi Yunanistan ve Mora seferlerinden, pek \u00e7ok esir ve ganimetlerle d\u00f6nd\u00fc (1335). <\/p>\n
Bizans \u015fehri olan Ala\u015fehir (Philadelphia), yar\u0131m asra yak\u0131n zaman, T\u00fcrk taarruzlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015ftu. Zor durumda kald\u0131klar\u0131nda, kaleyi ku\u015fatanlara cizye ve hara\u00e7 veriyorlard\u0131. Bu \u015fehri almay\u0131 muhakkak arzu eden Umur Bey, 1335 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yaral\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015fehri ku\u015fatt\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede fethetti. Bizans \u0130mparatoru ile dost\u00e7a ge\u00e7inen Umur Bey, adalardaki isyanlar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda imparatora yard\u0131m etti. Nitekim, 1336 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatoru, Umur Beyle bir dostluk antla\u015fmas\u0131 yaparak, Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131n\u0131 Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bizans\u2019la olan anla\u015fmas\u0131na sad\u0131k kalan Umur Bey de, onlara, gerekti\u011finde yard\u0131mda bulundu. <\/p>\n
Gazi Umur Bey, 1338-1339 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, yan\u0131nda karde\u015fi H\u0131z\u0131r Bey de oldu\u011fu halde, Adalar denizi ve Yunanistan\u2019a seferler d\u00fczenledi. Daha sonra Karadeniz\u2019e ge\u00e7erek, Kili ve Eflak seferlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi (1340). Umur Bey, bu son sefere \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz gemi ile \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir donanmaya sahip oldu\u011fundan, Girit ve K\u0131br\u0131s \u00fczerine olan ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve muvaffakiyetleri her tarafa yay\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle bu seferler sonunda, Latinlerin yak\u0131n do\u011fudaki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 tamamen yok oldu\u011fundan, Papa, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 \u00fczerine yeni bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi d\u00fczenlenmesini te\u015fvik etti. Bu defa 1344-45 y\u0131llar\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s, Cenova, Venedik ve Rodos gemilerinden te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f olan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131, ans\u0131z\u0131n ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131nla sahil \u0130zmir\u2019i ald\u0131. Ancak Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar, yukar\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019i elinde tutan Umur Beyin, \u015fiddetli ve devaml\u0131 taarruzlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan, kesin neticeye ula\u015famad\u0131lar. Sonunda antla\u015fma yapma\u011fa karar verdiler. Fakat, baz\u0131 m\u00fcttefiklerin antla\u015fmaya yana\u015fmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Papa, bu antla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylamad\u0131. Antla\u015fmayla bir sonuca varamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilen Umur Bey, Sahil \u0130zmir\u2019ini almak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle silaha sar\u0131ld\u0131 ve buray\u0131 var kuvvetiyle ku\u015fatt\u0131 ve bu esnada \u00f6n saflarda kahramanca d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken \u015fehid d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Manevi g\u00fc\u00e7leri sars\u0131lan Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, \u0130zmir \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bu kurtarma te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Gazi Umur Beyin \u015fehid d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra, yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck karde\u015fi H\u0131z\u0131r Bey ge\u00e7ti. H\u0131z\u0131r Bey, Umur Beyin yerini dolduracak bir kimse olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemet g\u00f6steremedi ve a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlarla, bir antla\u015fma imzalad\u0131 (1348). Bu antla\u015fma Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerini durdurmu\u015f ve beyli\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
H\u0131z\u0131r Bey, devlet merkezini Sel\u00e7uk\u2019a nakletti ve kendisinden sonra ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en karde\u015fi \u0130sa Bey de burada saltanat s\u00fcrd\u00fc. <\/p>\n
\u0130sa Bey zaman\u0131nda, Osmano\u011fullar\u0131’n\u0131n Anadolu birli\u011fini kurma ve geni\u015fleme siyasetine, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sebeple, 1389\u2019da, Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Birinci Murad Han’\u0131n \u015fehid olmas\u0131ndan faydalanmak istemi\u015flerdir. Karamanl\u0131lar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, di\u011fer baz\u0131 beyliklerle ittifak yapm\u0131\u015flar, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n aleyhinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat, yeni padi\u015fah Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, Rumeli i\u015fini yoluna koyduktan sonra, ilk i\u015f olarak Anadolu yakas\u0131ndan tehlikeleri ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bayezid, Ala\u015fehir\u2019i alm\u0131\u015f, Ayd\u0131n taraflar\u0131na inmi\u015f, mukavemet g\u00f6rmeksizin Ayd\u0131neli\u2019ni alm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130sa Bey teslim olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid de \u0130sa Beyin kar\u015f\u0131 koymadan \u00fclkesini teslim etmesine m\u00fckafat olarak, kendisini \u0130zmir ve civar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcstakil emiri tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve \u0130sa Beyin k\u0131z\u0131 Hafsa Hatun ile evlenerek, aradaki ba\u011f\u0131 kuvvetlendirmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u0130sa Beyi \u0130znik\u2019te ikamete mecbur etmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fini kesin olarak Osmanl\u0131lara ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’nda (1402), Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in Timur\u2019a ma\u011flup ve esir d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, tekrar canland\u0131. Ancak, bu s\u0131rada \u0130sa Bey \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu itibarla Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na Timur Han\u0131n emriyle, o\u011flu Musa Bey ge\u00e7ti. Ertesi y\u0131l Musa Beyin vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine, yerine \u0130kinci Umur Bey ge\u00e7ti (1403). Fakat, Ayd\u0131no\u011flu \u0130brahim Bahad\u0131r Beyin o\u011flu ve \u0130zmir Valisi C\u00fcneyd Bey, buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak, saltanat iddias\u0131nda bulundu. \u0130kinci Umur Beyin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Ayaslu\u011f\u2019u zabteden C\u00fcneyd Bey, Umur\u2019un 1405\u2019te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle de, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 topraklar\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na, 1425\u2019e kadar baz\u0131 fas\u0131lalarla hakim oldu. C\u00fcneyd Bey, yerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki taht kavgalar\u0131na (Bkz. Fetret Devri) kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p, her defas\u0131nda \u015fehzadelerden birini tutarak, zaman zaman kendisine m\u00fcttefik bulmak ve mevcut ittifaklara kat\u0131lmak yolunu tuttu. Bir\u00e7ok kereler ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flatmay\u0131 bildi. Her seferinde, yeni vazifeler almaya muvaffak oldu. \u0130kinci Murad Han zaman\u0131nda rahat durmayan C\u00fcneyd Bey, s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca Sisam adas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u0130psili kalesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Ancak, Karamanl\u0131lardan umdu\u011fu yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6remeyince, teslim oldu ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece, Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 topraklar\u0131, tamam\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n hakimiyeti alt\u0131na girdi (1425). <\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, hakimiyetleri alt\u0131nda bulunan Birgi, Tire, Ayd\u0131n ve Sel\u00e7uk\u2019u cami, medrese, han ve hamam gibi eserlerle s\u00fcslemi\u015flerdir. Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 mimarisinde, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu sanat\u0131n\u0131n etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011finin en \u00f6nemli eseri, Sel\u00e7uk\u2019taki \u0130sa Bey Camiidir. Mimar Ali bin D\u0131m\u0131\u015fki\u2019nin in\u015fa etti\u011fi cami, \u015eam\u2019daki \u00dcmeyye Camiinin temel \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, yenilikler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli eserler, Birgi\u2019de Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Mehmed Bey Camii (Ulu Cami) ve t\u00fcrbesi, Karahasan Camii, Sultan\u015fah t\u00fcrbesidir. <\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Tezkiret\u00fc\u2019l-Evliya, Arais\u00fc\u2019l-Mecalis adl\u0131 Peygamberler tarihi, S\u00fcheyl \u00fc Nevbahar ile H\u00fcsrev \u00fc \u015eirin terc\u00fcmesi gibi pek \u00e7ok dil yadig\u00e2r\u0131, ilme de\u011fer veren Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 sayesinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131, Latinlerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ticaret dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 sikke kulland\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, \u0130slami sikkeleri de vard\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fka, Birinci Umur Beyin bak\u0131r sikkeleri ile \u0130sa ve o\u011flu Musa beylerin ve C\u00fcneyd Beyin g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sikkeleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011finin devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131, di\u011fer Anadolu beyliklerine benzemektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi On d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc as\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131nda Ayd\u0131n ve \u00e7evresinde kurulan T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi. Germiyan ordusu suba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Ayd\u0131no\u011flu M\u00fcbariz\u00fcddin Mehmed Bey kurmu\u015ftur. Germiyano\u011flu Birinci Yakub Bey taraf\u0131ndan, Ayd\u0131n ve \u00e7evresini fethetmekle g\u00f6revlendirilen Mehmed Bey, \u00f6ncelikle Sasa Beyin elindeki Tire, Ayaslu\u011f (Sel\u00e7uk) ve Birgi\u2019yi ele ge\u00e7irdi. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Sasa Bey \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (1307). Bundan sonra Birgi\u2019yi kendisine merkez …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1477,1491,1794,1620],"class_list":["post-549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-anadolu","tag-ankara-savasi","tag-aydinogullari-beyligi","tag-bizans"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=549"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/549\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}