\u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 (\u00c7ald\u0131ran Zaferi)<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim Han ile \u0130ran \u015eah\u0131 \u0130smail aras\u0131nda, 23 A\u011fustos 1514\u2019te, \u00c7ald\u0131ran Ovas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan, tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan muharebelerinden biri.
\n Akkoyunlu Devleti’ni ortadan kald\u0131ran, \u00c2zerbaycan, Irak-\u0131 Arab ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek Ceyhun Nehrine kadar hududunu geni\u015fleten \u015eah \u0130smail, 1510\u2019da, do\u011fudaki S\u00fcnn\u00ee \u00d6zbekler’i de yendikten sonra, Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi. G\u00f6nderdi\u011fi d\u00e2\u00ee ve halifeleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 propagandalarda, Osmanl\u0131 hudutlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki \u015ei\u00eeleri kendisine ba\u011flamaya, f\u0131rsat bulduk\u00e7a da isyanlar \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Yavuz Sultan Selim Han ise, Anadolu\u2019yu b\u00f6l\u00fcp par\u00e7alamak ve bat\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131lan her seferde Osmanl\u0131’y\u0131 arkadan vurmak emelinde olan \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019e, kesin bir darbe indirmek niyetindeydi. <\/p>\n
Nitekim bu gaye ile \u015fehzadeler ve dahildeki fesat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fini halleden Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, 10.000 azab askerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019ya h\u00fck\u00fcmler g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi gibi, b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetlerin Yeni\u015fehir Ovas\u0131nda kendisine kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Manisa valisi olan o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131 Edirne\u2019ye getirterek, Rumeli muhafazas\u0131nda al\u0131koydu. Nisan 1514\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019dan \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019a ge\u00e7en Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in halifelerinden olup esir bulunan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ad\u0131nda birisi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, \u015eah\u2019a, Fars\u00e7a bir name g\u00f6nderdi. Yavuz Sultan Selim Han bu namede; \u015eah\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareketlerinden ve mezaliminden bahsederek, kendisinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 takviye ve mezalimi kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler sebebiyle \u015eah\u2019\u0131n katline fetva verildi\u011fini ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan evvel \u0130sl\u00e2miyet’i kabul etmesi l\u00e2z\u0131m geldi\u011fini, bunun i\u00e7in Safer ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019dan hareket etti\u011fini ve bizzat muharebeye haz\u0131r olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bildirmi\u015fti. El\u00e7i K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019i Hemedan\u2019da bularak nameyi vermi\u015f ve o da muharebeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015fti. \u015eah \u0130smail bu namesinde; \u201cEr isen meydana gelesin, biz de intizardan kurtuluruz\u201d demi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
G\u00fcnlerce do\u011fuya do\u011fru yol alan Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, \u015eah \u0130smail ve ordusundan bir haber al\u0131namamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, bu mektuba a\u011f\u0131r bir cevap vermi\u015f ve demi\u015ftir ki: \u201cDavete icabet edip uzun yollar\u0131 ge\u00e7erek memleketine girdik, fakat sen meydanda g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyorsun. Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n ellerindeki memleket, onlar\u0131n nik\u00e2hl\u0131s\u0131 gibidir, erkek ve yi\u011fit olanlar kendisinden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n elini ona dokundurtmazlar. Halbuki bunca g\u00fcnd\u00fcr askerimle memleketine girip y\u00fcr\u00fcyorum, h\u00e2l\u00e2 senden bir haber yok. Bundan sonra da saklan\u0131p g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezsen erkeklik sana haramd\u0131r, mi\u011ffer yerine ya\u015fmak ve z\u0131rh yerine \u00e7ar\u015faf giyip serdarl\u0131k ve \u015fahl\u0131k sevdas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7esin.\u201d <\/p>\n
Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, bu namesiyle beraber, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in g\u00f6nderdiklerine mukabele olarak h\u0131rka, \u015fal ve \u00e7ar\u015faf g\u00f6nderdi. Bir taraftan bu mektupla\u015fmalar devam ederken, di\u011fer yandan Yavuz\u2019un ordusu, harap yollarda bin bir m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl\u00e2tla yol al\u0131yordu. Bu durum, \u015eah \u0130smail ile muharebe aleyhtarlar\u0131na f\u0131rsat verdi. Bunlar\u0131n yava\u015f yava\u015f askeri tahrik etmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, orduda f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131. Erzincan\u2019a gelindi\u011fi zaman, asker, kumandanlar ve vezirler d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n meydanda olmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 daha ileri gidilmemesini ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmesini h\u00fck\u00fcmdara s\u00f6ylemek istedilerse de, Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00c2zerbaycan\u2019\u0131n merkezi Tebriz\u2019e 40 merhale yollar\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtip o tarafa gidilece\u011fini beyan etmesi \u00fczerine, korkular\u0131ndan seslerini \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131lar. Fakat bu durumu Padi\u015fah\u2019a arz etmesi i\u00e7in, Karaman valisi olup Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok sevip itimad etti\u011fi Hemdem Pa\u015fay\u0131 g\u00f6nderdiler. Hemdem Pa\u015fa, bu \u0131srarlara dayanamay\u0131p Padi\u015fah\u2019a, ileri gidilmemesi hakk\u0131nda ordunun m\u00fctalaas\u0131n\u0131 arz etti. Ancak, \u015fiddetle cez\u00e2land\u0131r\u0131larak, yerine, \u00fcmeradan Zeynel Bey, Karaman beylerbeyi oldu. Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n bu hareketi, vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kat\u00ee karar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine mani olmak i\u00e7indi. Bunda bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131 ve orduda s\u00fck\u00fbnet sa\u011fland\u0131. Bu arada Bayburt\u2019u zaptetmek \u00fczere Trabzon sancakbeyi Mehmed Bey kumandas\u0131nda bir miktar kuvvet yolland\u0131. <\/p>\n
Ordu, Ele\u015fkirt civar\u0131na geldi\u011fi zaman, bu defa yeni\u00e7eri oca\u011f\u0131 tahrik edildi. Bunlar ayakland\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131na; \u201cD\u00fc\u015fman meydanda yok, bu harap yerlerde ilerlemek, askeri beyhude telef etmektir, geri d\u00f6nelim\u201d tarz\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mektuplar b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Hatt\u00e2 daha da ileri giden yeni\u00e7eriler, bir sabah Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131na ok atacak kadar i\u015fi az\u0131tt\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Bu h\u00e2dise \u00fczerine Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, derhal at\u0131na atlad\u0131 ve yeni\u00e7erilerin i\u00e7ine girdi. Askere hitaben; \u201cBiz hen\u00fcz kastetti\u011fimiz yere varmad\u0131k, d\u00fc\u015fmanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131k, d\u00f6nmek ihtimali yoktur, hatt\u00e2 bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bile hayaldir. Teess\u00fcf olunur ki \u015eah\u2019\u0131n maiyeti kendi efendileri yoluna can verdikleri halde, biz \u015fer\u00eeat-\u0131 Ahmediyye\u2019ye muhalif hareket eden bunlar\u0131 yola getirmek i\u00e7in bu serhatlara kadar gelmi\u015fken, bir tak\u0131m gayretsizler, bizi yolumuzdan geri \u00e7evirmek isterler. Biz, katiyen yolumuzdan d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fiz. \u00dcl\u00fclemre itaat edenlerle, kastetti\u011fimiz yere kadar gideriz. Kalpleri zay\u0131f olanlar, ehl\u00fc \u0131y\u00e2llerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler ve yol zahmetini bahane edenler, kendileri bilirler. D\u00f6nerlerse d\u00een-i m\u00fcb\u00een yolundan d\u00f6nerler. E\u011fer bahane, ‘d\u00fc\u015fman gelmedi’ ise, d\u00fc\u015fman daha ileridedir. Er iseniz benimle beraber gelin ve ill\u00e2 ben tek ba\u015f\u0131ma da giderim\u201d diye at\u0131n\u0131 ileriye s\u00fcr\u00fcnce, yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan utanan yeni\u00e7eriler, Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131 takip etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Hakikaten ordu, yiyecekten \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yordu. Trabzon yoluyla gelmekte olan zahire, k\u00e2fi de\u011fildi. Nihayet, ak\u0131nc\u0131 kumandan\u0131 Mihalo\u011flu\u2019yla Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131’ndan \u015eehsuvaro\u011flu Ali Beyden gelen haberler neticesinde, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in meydana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi al\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130ki ordu, 22 A\u011fustos 1514\u2019te \u00c7ald\u0131ran sahras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. <\/p>\n
23 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaderini tayin eden tarih\u00ee g\u00fcnlerden biriydi. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Orta Anadolu\u2019nun K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f Safev\u00eeler’in eline ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayacak, bunun neticesinde ise \u015ei\u00ee hareketi b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019ya yay\u0131lacakt\u0131. \u00c7ald\u0131ran s\u0131rtlar\u0131ndan ovaya inen Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun merkezinde, kap\u0131kulu askerleriyle beraber Yavuz Sultan Selim Han vard\u0131. Sa\u011f kola Anadolu Beylerbeyi Had\u0131m Sinan Pa\u015fa ve sol kola Rumeli Beylerbeyi Hasan Pa\u015fa kumanda edecekti. Yeni\u00e7erinin \u00f6n\u00fcne azaplar s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne de be\u015f y\u00fcz darbezen top yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
\u015eah \u0130smail, sa\u011f kola en b\u00fcy\u00fck kumandan\u0131 Durmu\u015f Han \u015eamlu ve Nur Ali Hal\u00eefe, sol kola Diyarbak\u0131r Beylerbeyi Ustaclu o\u011flu Mehmed Han\u0131 koyarak kendisi muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131yla beraber geride, ihtiyatta kald\u0131. \u0130ki taraf kuvvetleri e\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yaya, yani yeni\u00e7eri kuvvetleri \u00e7ok muntazam olup, buna muk\u00e2bil \u015eah\u2019\u0131n da 60.000 ki\u015filik m\u00fckemmel s\u00fcv\u00e2ri kuvveti vard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri a\u00e7l\u0131k ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2500 kilometrelik yolu kat edip, yorgun bir halde gelmi\u015flerdi. \u015eah\u2019\u0131n kuvvetleri ise zinde ve din\u00e7 idi; zaten \u015eah\u2019\u0131n maksad\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu yormak ve sonra imha etmekti. <\/p>\n
Harp, \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eah\u2019\u0131n sa\u011f cenah\u0131, \u015fiddetli bir h\u00fccumla, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n sol cenah\u0131n\u0131 bozdu. Beylerbeyi Hasan Pa\u015fa, bu s\u0131rada \u015fehid d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu bozgun, azaplar\u0131n, toplar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u00e7eri al\u0131namamas\u0131 ve toplar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda ate\u015flenememesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden meydana geldi. Ancak, sa\u011f kol kumandan\u0131 Had\u0131m Sinan Pa\u015fa, tam zaman\u0131nda toplar\u0131 ate\u015flemeye muvaffak oldu. Hafif toplar, \u015eah\u2019\u0131n sol kol kuvvetlerini peri\u015fan etti. Ustaclu o\u011flu Mehmed, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu arada merkezdeki yeni\u00e7erilerin, \u015eah\u2019\u0131n galip gelen sa\u011f cenah\u0131na, yo\u011fun bir t\u00fcfek at\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131 ile Safev\u00eeler taraf\u0131nda, tam bir bozgunluk ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Bu s\u0131rada \u015eah \u0130smail, kur\u015funla kolundan yaralanarak at\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin eline ge\u00e7mesi, an meselesiydi. Tam bu s\u0131rada, \u015eah\u2019a benzeyen ve onun gibi giyinmi\u015f olan H\u0131z\u0131r ad\u0131nda bir seyis, \u015eah benim diye ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 birlikleri, bu adam\u0131 esir ederken, \u015eah \u0130smail, temin etti\u011fi bir atla, arkas\u0131na bakmadan Tebriz\u2019e ka\u00e7t\u0131. Hatt\u00e2 burada da kendisini emniyette g\u00f6rmedi\u011finden, \u0130ran i\u00e7lerine \u00e7ekildi. \u015eah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fya ve kararg\u00e2h\u0131 ile beraber, han\u0131m\u0131 Ta\u00e7l\u0131 Hatun da esir edildi. Muharebe esnas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lardan, Karaman Beylerbeyi Zeynel Pa\u015fa ve Anadolu Beylerbeyi Sinan Pa\u015fa ile beraber dokuz sancak beyi \u015fehid oldu. Safev\u00eelerden ise on d\u00f6rt beylerbeyi ve dokuz sancakbeyi muharebe meydan\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
\u00c7ald\u0131ran\u2019da kesin bir zafer kazanan Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, muzaffer bir \u015fekilde Tebriz\u2019e girdi ve \u015fehirde sekiz-dokuz g\u00fcn kadar kald\u0131. Tebriz\u2019deki sanat erbab\u0131, t\u00fcccar ve i\u015fe yarayacaklardan bin haneyi \u0130stanbul\u2019a naklettirdi. 8 Eyl\u00fclde Cuma namaz\u0131nda, Tebriz \u015fehrinde hutbe, S\u00fcnn\u00ee ak\u00eedesine g\u00f6re ve Sult\u00e2n-\u0131 ikl\u00eem-i R\u00fbm Sel\u00eem ibni Bayezid ibni Mehmed bin Murad bin Bayezid ad\u0131na okundu. <\/p>\n
Yavuz Sultan Selim Han\u0131n, tamamen deha mahsul\u00fc bir taktikle, on iki saatte, hen\u00fcz hava kararmadan kesin netice ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ald\u0131ran Muharebesi, tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve nadir meydan muharebelerindendir. \u00c7ald\u0131ran Zaferi, Anadolu\u2019nun siyas\u00ee ve i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee tarihi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok m\u00fchim sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 (\u00c7ald\u0131ran Zaferi) Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim Han ile \u0130ran \u015eah\u0131 \u0130smail aras\u0131nda, 23 A\u011fustos 1514\u2019te, \u00c7ald\u0131ran Ovas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan, tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan muharebelerinden biri. Akkoyunlu Devleti’ni ortadan kald\u0131ran, \u00c2zerbaycan, Irak-\u0131 Arab ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek Ceyhun Nehrine kadar hududunu geni\u015fleten \u015eah \u0130smail, 1510\u2019da, do\u011fudaki S\u00fcnn\u00ee \u00d6zbekler’i de yendikten sonra, Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi. G\u00f6nderdi\u011fi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1455,1805,1806,1616],"class_list":["post-557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-caldiran-savasi","tag-caldiran-zaferi","tag-sah-ismail","tag-yavuz-sultan-selim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=557"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/557\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}