isimlerden \u00f6nce gelerek onlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131, renk, durum, hareket, bi\u00e7im, yer, i\u015faret ve soru y\u00f6nlerinden tamamlayan; onlar\u0131 niteleyen ve belirten kelimelere s\u0131fat denir. bu iki kelimenin (s\u0131fat ve isim) olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 kelime grubuna da s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 denir ki b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131fat \u00e7e\u015fitleriyle s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 olu\u015fturulabilir. <\/p>\n
Kolay i\u015f, bu sorular, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk, hangi ev, iki elma, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f… <\/p>\n
A. S\u0131fatlar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
1. S\u0131fatlar isimlerden \u00f6nce gelerek onlar\u0131 say\u0131, renk, durum, hareket, bi\u00e7im, yer, i\u015faret ve soru y\u00f6nlerinden tamamlar; onlar\u0131 niteler veya belirtir:<\/p>\n
\u201cO zaman g\u00f6rd\u00fc ki, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk, memleketlisi, minimini yavru a\u011fl\u0131yor… Sessizce, titreye titreye a\u011fl\u0131yor. Yanaklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 birbiri arkas\u0131na, temiz vagon pencerelerindeki ya\u011fmur damlalar\u0131 nas\u0131l acele acele, sars\u0131la \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrse \u00f6yle, ba\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla yerlerinden oynayarak, vuru\u015farak i\u00e7lerinde g\u00fcne\u015fli mavi g\u00f6k, p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l ak\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n
o zaman, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk, minimini yavru, temiz vagon pencereleri, g\u00fcne\u015fli mavi g\u00f6k<\/p>\n
2. Tek ba\u015flar\u0131na kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman isim de\u011ferindedirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ancak bir isimden \u00f6nce geldikleri zaman s\u0131fat olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n
ye\u015fil elbise (s\u0131fat) ye\u015fili severim (isim)
\n \u0130htiyar kad\u0131n (s\u0131fat) \u0130htiyarlara iyi davranmal\u0131y\u0131z (isim)
\n B\u00fcy\u00fck park (s\u0131fat) parklar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (isim)<\/p>\n
3. Tek ba\u015flar\u0131na kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda isim de\u011ferinde olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in alabildikleri isim \u00e7ekim eklerini, yani h\u00e2l eklerini, iyelik eklerini ve \u00e7o\u011ful ekini, bir isimden \u00f6nce gelerek onu niteledikleri ya da belirttikleri zaman, yani s\u0131fat olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman alamazlar:<\/p>\n
Bir basamak yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k. s\u0131fat
\n Birler basama\u011f\u0131 isim
\n Y\u00fcr\u00fcyen merdiven s\u0131fat
\n Y\u00fcr\u00fcyenler ve ko\u015fanlar isim<\/p>\n
4. Bir s\u0131fatla onun niteledi\u011fi ya da belirtti\u011fi bir isim aras\u0131na noktalama i\u015fareti (\u00f6zellikle virg\u00fcl) konmaz. Virg\u00fcl konursa ilk kelime tek ba\u015f\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015f olur, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla isimle\u015fir. <\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7 adama g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek bakt\u0131. (gen\u00e7: s\u0131fat)
\n Gen\u00e7, adama g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek bakt\u0131. (gen\u00e7: isim, \u00f6zne)<\/p>\n
5. Birka\u00e7 s\u0131fat, arka arkaya s\u0131ralanarak bir ismi niteleyebilir veya belirtebilir:<\/p>\n
Karanl\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck, korkutucu ve nemli bir evdi.<\/p>\n
6. S\u0131fat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedildi\u011fi her yerde mutlaka s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 vard\u0131r; o s\u0131fatla (soru s\u0131fat\u0131 da olsa) bir tamlama olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
B. S\u0131fat \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/p>\n
S\u0131fatlar g\u00f6rev ve anlam y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, yani kendilerinden sonra gelen isme katt\u0131klar\u0131 anlam y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nce ikiye, sonra daha alt ba\u015fl\u0131klara ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n
1. Niteleme S\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n 2. Belirtme s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n a.\u0130\u015faret s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n b. Say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n As\u0131l say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n S\u0131ra say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n Kesir say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n \u00dcle\u015ftirme s\u0131fatlar\u0131
\n c. Belgisiz s\u0131fatlar
\n d. Soru s\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
1. Niteleme S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
]\u0130simlerin \u015feklini, durumunu, hareketini, rengini, k\u0131sacas\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6steren s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. Nitelene s\u0131fatlar\u0131 isimlere sorulan \u201cnas\u0131l\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Penceresinden kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \/ bir sa\u011fl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131
\n yanaklar\u0131m\u0131 pembele\u015ftiren \/ makaslar
\n u\u00e7u\u015fan \/ pamuk\u00e7uklar
\n Kavaklar\u0131 silkeleyen \/ r\u00fczg\u00e2r
\n Koca \/ bah\u00e7e
\n Tasas\u0131z \/ g\u00f6zler
\n G\u00fczel \/ \u00e7er\u00e7eveler
\n Kocaman \/ bir masas\u0131 ve koltu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Mavi deniz, tatl\u0131 su, k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fcn, yak\u0131n arkada\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan \u00f6\u011frenci, susuz yaz, yuvarlak masa, bayan memur, erkek adam, temiz giysi, g\u00fczel insan, d\u00fcz yol, \u00e7atal \u00e7ivi, sivri tepe, yass\u0131 burun…<\/p>\n
2. Belirtme S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simleri say\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tamlayan; yerlerini i\u015faret eden; \u00f6zelliklerini belli belirsiz olarak bildiren; onlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini soran s\u0131fatlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne belirtme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 denir. Belirtme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n ge\u00e7ici \u00f6zelliklerini bildirirler:<\/p>\n
Bu adam, o adam, \u015furadaki adam, (herhangi) bir adam, bir (tane) adam, ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 adam, hangi adam?…<\/p>\n
Belirtme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 alt ba\u015fl\u0131klara ayr\u0131l\u0131r: <\/p>\n
a. \u0130\u015faret S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simleri i\u015faret ederek belirten ve yerlerini bildiren s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u201cbu, \u015fu, o, \u00f6teki, beriki, b\u00f6yle, \u015f\u00f6yle…\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu soruyu kim cevaplayacak?
\n Kitab\u0131 \u015fu gen\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n O e\u015fyalar\u0131 nereye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorsun?
\n \u00d6teki sorulara ge\u00e7iniz.
\n Beriki masalar\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131k.<\/p>\n
b. Say\u0131 S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simlerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini, s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131, par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak belirten s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. Say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
i. As\u0131l Say\u0131 S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simlerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak belirten s\u0131fatlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Her g\u00fcn iki saat ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bir saat de kitap okurum.
\n Bir a\u011fa\u00e7 bile b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015flar; kesmi\u015fler.
\n Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck.
\n T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun yetmi\u015f milyon oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor.
\n Be\u015f milyon ton patates<\/p>\n
10 cm ip, 2 m kuma\u015f, 100 ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr, 3 kg \u015feker…<\/p>\n
]Ba\u015f\u0131nda as\u0131l say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131ndan biri bulunan bir isme \u00e7o\u011ful eki getirilmez. \u201dBe\u015fevler, Altm\u0131\u015fevler, Yedi C\u00fcceler, \u00fc\u00e7 aylar, K\u0131rk Haram\u00eeler, be\u015f milyonlar, on milyonlar (banknotlar\u0131m\u0131z)\u201dgibi \u00f6rnekler bu kurala uymaz. <\/p>\n
]Say\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla niteleme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 art arda kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa say\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 \u00f6nce gelir:
\n iki de\u011ferli arkada\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131r\u0131k cam…<\/p>\n
ii. S\u0131ra Say\u0131 S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simlerin s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131, derecelerini belirten s\u0131fatlard\u0131r.
\n \u201c-nc\u0130\u201d eki ya da nokta kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
77. y\u0131l, 11\u2019inci b\u00f6l\u00fck, birinci g\u00fcn, ikinci geli\u015fimiz…
\n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer, ikinci katlar…<\/p>\n
] \u201cilk\u201d kelimesi birinci anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r:
\n \u0130lk (birinci) caddeden sa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
] \u201cson, sonuncu, ortanca\u201d kelimeleri de s\u0131ra say\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131d\u0131r:
\n son f\u0131rsat, ortanca \u00e7ocuk, sonuncu ki\u015fi…<\/p>\n
iii. Kesir Say\u0131 S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simlerin, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ka\u00e7ta ka\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren s\u0131fatlard\u0131r.
\n Y\u00fczde bir ihtimal, yar\u0131m ekmek, \u00e7eyrek (d\u00f6rtte bir) ekmek, yar\u0131y\u0131l, iki bu\u00e7uk lira…<\/p>\n
]Bu tamlamalarda tamlanan \u00e7o\u011ful yap\u0131labilir.
\n Karde\u015flerin \u00fc\u00e7te bir paylar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n
]Tamlayan \u00e7o\u011ful yap\u0131l\u0131p tamlananla yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir:
\n Y\u00fczde otuz art\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\u2192D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde otuzlarda.<\/p>\n
iv. \u00dcle\u015ftirme Say\u0131 S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130simlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren s\u0131fatlard\u0131r.
\n \u201c-(\u015f)er\u201d ekiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7er ki\u015fi, iki\u015fer elma, yedi\u015fer ki\u015fi, elli\u015fer milyon, birer g\u00fcn arayla, <\/p>\n
v. Topluluk Say\u0131 S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Bir defada do\u011fan birden fazla karde\u015fler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Bunlardaki \u201cz\u201d sesi \u00e7okluk bildirir.
\n Tamlanan \u00e7o\u011ful olabilir.
\n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcz bebek, be\u015fiz \u00e7ocuklar. <\/p>\n
c. Belgisiz S\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
\u0130simlerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak de\u011fil, yakla\u015f\u0131k, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131, belli belirsiz bildiren s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u201cbir, birka\u00e7, bir\u00e7ok, az, \u00e7ok, biraz, birtak\u0131m, b\u00fct\u00fcn, baz\u0131, t\u00fcm, her, hi\u00e7bir, herhangi bir, kimi…<\/p>\n
ba\u015fka \/ bir \/ boyut,
\n kimi insanlar,
\n bir yaz g\u00fcn\u00fc,
\n baz\u0131 s\u0131fatlar
\n herhangi bir zaman
\n her soru,
\n birtak\u0131m insanlar,
\n birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi,
\n Bir\u00e7ok senelerge\u00e7ti; d\u00f6nen yok seferinden.
\n t\u00fcm insanlar,
\n b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar…<\/p>\n
Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi isimler \u00e7o\u011ful eki alamaz, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tamlananlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011ful olmak zorundad\u0131r; baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131nki de yerine g\u00f6re tekil de olabilir, \u00e7o\u011ful da.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn insan\u2192b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar
\n Birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi\u2192birka\u00e7 ki\u015filer
\n \u00c7o\u011fu insan\u2192\u00e7o\u011fu bitkiler<\/p>\n
Not: As\u0131l say\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 olan \u201cbir\u201d ile belgisiz s\u0131fat olan \u201cbir\u201d kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u201cbir\u201d kelimesi \u201ctek\u201d kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise as\u0131l say\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131d\u0131r. De\u011filse belgisiz s\u0131fatt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Bir \u00e7i\u00e7ekle yaz olmaz bir tane \u00e7i\u00e7ek. as\u0131l say\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131
\n Onu bir ak\u015fam vakti g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Herhangi bir ak\u015fam vakti belgisiz s\u0131fat<\/p>\n
d. Soru S\u0131fatlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Soru s\u0131fatlar\u0131, isimlerin nitelik ve niceliklerini soru yoluyla \u00f6\u011frenmeyi ama\u00e7layan, cevaplar\u0131 da herhangi bir s\u0131fat olan kelimelerdir. <\/p>\n
\u201cne, nas\u0131l, nice, ne gibi, ne bi\u00e7im, ka\u00e7, ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131, ka\u00e7ar, hangi, ne t\u00fcrl\u00fc…\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n
]Soru s\u0131fatlar\u0131 c\u00fcmleyi soru c\u00fcmlesi yapar. Baz\u0131 durumlarda da yapmaz:<\/p>\n
Bu nas\u0131l bir d\u00fcnya; hik\u00e2yesi zor…
\n Nas\u0131l kitaplardan ho\u015flan\u0131rs\u0131n?<\/p>\n
]Soru s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla da s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 olu\u015fturulur. <\/p>\n
Ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra geleceksin?
\n Eve giderken hangi otob\u00fcse binece\u011fiz?<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnekler<\/p>\n
Hangi \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bana zincir vuracakm\u0131\u015f \u015fa\u015far\u0131m.
\n Ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fta okuyor?
\n Ne g\u00fcn gelece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi mi?
\n Ka\u00e7ar ki\u015filik gruplar h\u00e2linde gidece\u011fiz?
\n Ka\u00e7ta ka\u00e7 hisse istersin?<\/p>\n
Not: \u201cne\u201d kelimesi s\u0131fat, zarf ve zamir olarak kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
Ne bak\u0131yorsun? Zarf
\n Ne almak istiyorsun? Zamir
\n Ne g\u00fcn geleceksin? S\u0131fat
\n Ne i\u015f yap\u0131yordunuz? s\u0131fat
\n Bug\u00fcn ne \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k ama. zarf<\/p>\n
C. S\u0131fatlarda Anlam<\/p>\n
1. S\u0131fatlarda Anlam Kuvvetlendirme<\/p>\n
]Zarflarla ve edatlarla anlam kuvvetlendirilebilir:<\/p>\n
\u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan\u2192ar\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan\u2192ar\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan \u00e7ocuk
\n g\u00fczel\u2192Cennet kadar g\u00fczel\u2192Cennet kadar g\u00fczel vatan
\n verimli\u2192\u00e7ek verimli\u2192\u00e7ok verimli topraklar<\/p>\n
Burada \u201ccennet kadar\u201d kelime grubu \u201cg\u00fczel\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131; sonra hepsi birden \u201cvatan\u201d kelimesini nitelemi\u015f.<\/p>\n
]Peki\u015ftirme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 ile de anlam kuvvetlendirilebilir:<\/p>\n
Bir s\u0131fat\u0131n ilk iki sesine \u201cm, p, r, s\u201d \u00fcns\u00fczlerinden biri eklenip, olu\u015fan hecenin o s\u0131fat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na getirilmesiyle olu\u015fur. \u00dcnl\u00fcyle ba\u015flayan s\u0131fatlarda ilk \u00fcnl\u00fcye \u201cm, p, r, s\u201d \u00fcns\u00fczlerinden biri eklenir.<\/p>\n
Sar\u0131 sayfalar\u2192sapsar\u0131 sayfalar
\n K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u2192k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elbise
\n Mor\u2192mosmor bir y\u00fcz
\n Ye\u015fil\u2192yemye\u015fil tabiat
\n Temiz\u2192tertemiz toplum
\n Uzun\u2192upuzun araba<\/p>\n
Bu kurala uymayan peki\u015ftirme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Sapasa\u011flam, yapayaln\u0131z, \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak, \u00e7epe\u00e7evre… <\/p>\n
]Tekrar yoluyla da anlam kuvvetlendirilebilir. Tekrar edilen kelimeler aras\u0131na \u201cm\u0130\u201d soru eki de konabilir:<\/p>\n
do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir i\u015f, boylu poslu bir adam, az buz para de\u011fil…
\n y\u00fcce y\u00fcce yaylalar, Mini mini eller, tatl\u0131 tatl\u0131 diller…
\n tatl\u0131 m\u0131 tatl\u0131 diller, sevimli mi sevimli bir y\u00fcz, s\u0131cak m\u0131 s\u0131cak bir hava…<\/p>\n
2. S\u0131fatlarda Anlam Daraltma<\/p>\n
]S\u0131fatlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131nda, baz\u0131 eklerden yararlanarak k\u0131sma, daraltma, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme yap\u0131labilir. Bunun i\u00e7in \u201c-C\u0130k, -\u00c7E, -cEk, -(\u0130)ms\u0130, -(\u0130)mt\u0131rak\u201d ekleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Geni\u015f bir oda \u2192 daha az geni\u015fi \u2192 geni\u015f\u00e7e bir oda
\n Uzun bir \u00e7ocuk \u2192 daha az uzunu \u2192 uzunca bir \u00e7ocuk
\n B\u00fcy\u00fck ev \u2192 daha az b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2192 B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e \/ b\u00fcy\u00fccek bir ev
\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk \u2192 daha az k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2192 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7e \/ bir \u00e7ocuk
\n Tatl\u0131 elma \u2192 daha az tatl\u0131s\u0131 \u2192 tatl\u0131ms\u0131 bir elma
\n Ek\u015fi erik \u2192 daha az ek\u015fisi \u2192 ek\u015fimsi \/ ek\u015fimt\u0131rak erik<\/p>\n
\u201c-C\u0130k\u201d eki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fck, azl\u0131k anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u0131fatlara getirilir ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k anlam\u0131 katar:<\/p>\n
K\u0131sa kol \u2192 daha da k\u0131sas\u0131 \u2192 k\u0131sac\u0131k kol
\n \u0130nce ip \u2192 daha da incesi \u2192 incecik ip
\n Az ekmek \u2192 daha da az\u0131 \u2192 az\u0131c\u0131k ekmek
\n Minik yavru \u2192 daha da mini\u011fi\u2192 Minicik yavru
\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z \u2192 daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2192 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck k\u0131z
\n Ufak el \u2192 daha da ufa\u011f\u0131 \u2192 Ufac\u0131k el
\n Yumu\u015fak eller \u2192 daha da yumu\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2192 Yumu\u015fac\u0131k eller<\/p>\n
3. S\u0131fatlarda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip olan varl\u0131klar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak o \u00f6zelli\u011fe hangisinin daha \u00e7ok sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in s\u0131fat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na \u201cen, daha, pek\u201d kelimeleri getirilir.<\/p>\n
En kuvvetli millet
\n Daha d\u00fcr\u00fcst insanlar
\n Pek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan i\u015f\u00e7i<\/p>\n
D. Yap\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan S\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
S\u0131fatlar da isimler gibi yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan basit, t\u00fcremi\u015f ve birle\u015fik olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. Basit S\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir yap\u0131m eki almam\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fka bir kelimeyle birle\u015fmemi\u015f s\u0131fatlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kara g\u00fcn, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcl, bol yemek, iri ta\u015f, iyi insan, son yolculuk, dost \u00fclke, d\u00fcz \u00e7izgi. <\/p>\n
2. T\u00fcremi\u015f S\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
\u0130sim ya da fiil k\u00f6klerine ve g\u00f6vdelerine getirilen isim yap\u0131m ekleriyle olu\u015fturulmu\u015f s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Kiral\u0131k ev, y\u0131ll\u0131k izin, tuzlu su, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131 Hasan, i\u015fsiz adamlar, \u00f6l\u00fc bal\u0131k, s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc kad\u0131n, yar\u0131nki ma\u00e7, geni\u015f\u00e7e bir oda, b\u00fcy\u00fccek bir ev, ek\u015fimsi \/ ek\u015fimt\u0131rak erik, k\u0131sac\u0131k kol, incecik ip…
\n Penceresinden kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \/ bir sa\u011fl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131
\n yanaklar\u0131m\u0131 pembele\u015ftiren \/ makaslar
\n u\u00e7u\u015fan \/ pamuk\u00e7uklar
\n Kavaklar\u0131 silkeleyen \/ r\u00fczg\u00e2r
\n Kocaman \/ bir masas\u0131 ve koltu\u011fu
\n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan \u00f6\u011frenci, susuz yaz, yuvarlak masa…<\/p>\n
3. Birle\u015fik S\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131s\u0131nda birden fazla kelime bar\u0131nd\u0131ran s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
K\u00fclyutmaz \u00f6\u011fretmen, mirasyedi gen\u00e7ler, bo\u015fbo\u011faz insanlar, bo\u011faz\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn adam, birtak\u0131m sorunlar, cana yak\u0131n \u00e7ocuk…<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fik s\u0131fatlar ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a. Kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f birle\u015fik s\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
Anlamca kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. Birden fazla kelimenin s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlamlar\u0131ndan az ya da \u00e7ok uzakla\u015farak, aralar\u0131na ek ya da kelime girmeyecek \u015fekilde birle\u015ferek olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 s\u0131fatlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Canci\u011fer dost, vatansever sanat\u00e7\u0131, pisbo\u011faz \u00e7ocuk, mirasyedi gen\u00e7ler, kahverengi elbise, e\u015fsesli kelimeler, birka\u00e7 adam, herhangi bir \u00f6\u011fretmen, biraz zaman, birtak\u0131m elbiseler…<\/p>\n
b. Kurall\u0131 birle\u015fik s\u0131fatlar<\/p>\n
\u00c7e\u015fitli yollarla olu\u015furlar:<\/p>\n
*S\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 + \u201c-l\u0130\u201d yap\u0131m eki<\/p>\n
b\u00fcy\u00fck yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar, dost bak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 insanlar, k\u0131sa boylu asker, b\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131l\u0131 bina, k\u0131r\u0131k caml\u0131 ev…<\/p>\n
*S\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 + \u201clIk\u201d eki<\/p>\n
yar\u0131m g\u00fcnl\u00fck mesai, \u00fc\u00e7 kuru\u015fluk i\u015f…<\/p>\n
*\u0130sim + iyelik eki + s\u0131fat<\/p>\n
salonu b\u00fcy\u00fck (bir) ev, \u00e7enesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck adam, sa\u00e7\u0131 uzun bebek, rengi soluk kuma\u015f…<\/p>\n
*Tak\u0131s\u0131z isim tamlamas\u0131 + \u201c-l\u0130\u201d yap\u0131m eki<\/p>\n
ta\u015f duvarl\u0131 ev, aslan y\u00fcrekli \u00e7ocuk, demir kap\u0131l\u0131 bah\u00e7e…<\/p>\n
*\u0130sim + \u201c-DEn\u201d ayr\u0131lma h\u00e2l eki + isim-fiil:<\/p>\n
kulaktan dolma bilgiler…<\/p>\n
*\u0130kileme + isim<\/p>\n
evsiz barks\u0131z insanlar\u0131m\u0131z, tats\u0131z tuzsuz i\u015flerimiz, irili ufakl\u0131 e\u015fyalar…<\/p>\n
*\u0130sim + ek + fiilimsi + isim<\/p>\n
i\u015fini bilir memur<\/p>\n
*Deyim + isim<\/p>\n
cana yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar, \u00e7enesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck insan…<\/p>\n
4. Peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f S\u0131fatlar
\n Yamyass\u0131 bir burun… Koskocaman bir kulak… Kapkara bir ten… Yemye\u015fil iki g\u00f6z… Sapasa\u011flam, yapayaln\u0131z, \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak, \u00e7epe\u00e7evre… <\/p>\n
Sar\u0131 sayfalar\u2192sapsar\u0131 sayfalar
\n K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u2192k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elbise
\n Mor\u2192mosmor bir y\u00fcz
\n Ye\u015fil\u2192yemye\u015fil tabiat
\n Temiz\u2192tertemiz toplum
\n Uzun\u2192upuzun araba<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan i\u015flem s\u0131fatlar\u0131 peki\u015ftirmektir.
\n S\u0131fatlar ba\u015fka \u015fekillerde de peki\u015ftirilirler Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla:
\n a) \u0130kilem ded\u011fimiz ayn\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131n tekrar edilmesi yoluyla:
\n uzun uzun kavaklar, tatl\u0131 tatl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flar, iri iri ta\u015flar, kara kara g\u00f6zler, b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck binalar, geni\u015f geni\u015f yollar…
\n b) Tekrar edilen s\u0131fatlar\u0131n aras\u0131na “m\u0131” getirilerilerek yap\u0131larn peki\u015ftirme;
\n tatl\u0131 m\u0131 tatl\u0131 nar, g\u00fczel mi g\u00fczel \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, kara m\u0131 kara g\u00f6zler, beyaz m\u0131 beyaz g\u00f6mlekler, uzun mu uzun kollar…
\n c) Baz\u0131 isimler tekrar edilerek s\u0131fat olarak peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar:
\n dilim dilim karpuz, s\u0131ra s\u0131ra kamyonlar, avu\u00e7 avu\u00e7 para, sepet sepet \u00fcz\u00fcm, s\u00fcr\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fc koyunlar…
\n d) Birbirine anlam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yak\u0131n olan ve uygun getirilen kelimelerle yap\u0131lan peki\u015ftirme:
\n a\u00e7\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6z, k\u0131r\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fck e\u015fya, anl\u0131 \u015fanl\u0131 pa\u015fa, e\u011fri b\u00fc\u011fr\u00fc yaz\u0131
\n NOT: S\u0131fatlar c\u00fcmlede y\u00fcklemin anlam\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman ZARF T\u00dcMLEC\u0130 olurlar. B\u00f6ylece bu s\u0131fatlar, zarf t\u00fcmleci olarak isimlendirilirler.
\n Adam, k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oldu. R\u00fczgar tatl\u0131 tatl\u0131 esiyordu, Baz\u0131lar\u0131 abuk sabuk konu\u015fuyor
\n C\u00fcmlelerde koyu yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kelimeler, peki\u015ftirme s\u0131fatlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmelerine ra\u011fmen, c\u00fcmlede zarf g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015flerdir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
isimlerden \u00f6nce gelerek onlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131, renk, durum, hareket, bi\u00e7im, yer, i\u015faret ve soru y\u00f6nlerinden tamamlayan; onlar\u0131 niteleyen ve belirten kelimelere s\u0131fat denir. bu iki kelimenin (s\u0131fat ve isim) olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 kelime grubuna da s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 denir ki b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131fat \u00e7e\u015fitleriyle s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 olu\u015fturulabilir. Kolay i\u015f, bu sorular, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk, hangi ev, iki elma, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f… …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[11306,2047,2044,2045,11308,9768,2048,11305,2043,11304,11307,2046,11309],"class_list":["post-5622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-asil-sayi-sifatlari","tag-belgisiz-sifatlar","tag-belirtme-sifatlari","tag-isaret-sifatlari","tag-kesir-sayi-sifatlari","tag-niteleme-sifatlari","tag-sayi-sifatlari","tag-sifat-cesitleri","tag-sifatlar","tag-sifatlarin-ozellikleri","tag-sira-sayi-sifatlari","tag-soru-sifatlari","tag-ulestirme-sifatlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5622\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}