K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
Kuzey Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk devleti.
\nAlt\u0131nordu Devleti’nde h\u00e2nedanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine kat\u0131lan s\u00fcl\u00e2le mensuplar\u0131 ve \u00e2si kabile beylerinin s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131yd\u0131. Burada 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ba\u015flayan hakimiyet kurma m\u00fccadelesi, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hac\u0131 Giray taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. <\/p>\n
Hac\u0131 Giray, Cengiz Han\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Cuci\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu Tokay Timur soyundan gelmekteydi. Babas\u0131n\u0131n, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019daki taht m\u00fccadelesi sonunda Litvanya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fi ve Kral Vitold\u2019un yan\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda d\u00fcnyaya gelen Hac\u0131 Giray, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckten sonra, \u015eirin kabilesinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. <\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurma tarihi kesin olmamakla beraber, bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 paran\u0131n 1441 tarihini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan, belirtilen bu tarihten daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda devleti kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Hac\u0131 Giray da, di\u011fer hanlar gibi \u00fczerinde hak iddi\u00e2 etti\u011fi Alt\u0131nordu taht\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in, Lehistan Kral\u0131 ve Moskova Rus Prensi ile anla\u015fma yapmaktan \u00e7ekinmedi. Bu arada, Kefe Cenevizlilerine kar\u015f\u0131, Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han ile de anla\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n
Hac\u0131 Giray\u2019\u0131n 1466 tarihinde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, o\u011fullar\u0131 Mengli Giray ile Nur Devlet aras\u0131nda taht m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flad\u0131. Mengli Giray, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla, hanl\u0131k taht\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Fakat, vaad etti\u011fi yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6ndermemesi \u00fczerine yakalanarak \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Karde\u015fi Nur Devlet tahta ge\u00e7ti. 1478 tarihinde Mengli Giray\u2019\u0131n; K\u0131r\u0131m Hanlar\u0131n\u0131n tayin ve azil haklar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131na veren, padi\u015fah\u0131n a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 seferlere K\u0131r\u0131m han\u0131n\u0131n da kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden bir antla\u015fma yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a han tayin edildi. Mengli Giray\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc defa K\u0131r\u0131m han\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine karde\u015fleri Nur Devlet ve Haydar, Moskova\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131lar. Mengli Giray, Osmanl\u0131 himayesinde taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle, papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fvik ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla devaml\u0131 geni\u015fleyen Moskova Knezli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131, K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na ald\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131m kuvvetleri, ilk defa, Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid Han\u0131n, 1484 Akkerman Seferine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar ile m\u00fcnasebetini artt\u0131ran K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar asker\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, iktisad\u00ee, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131m han\u0131, 1502\u2019de Saray \u015fehrine h\u00fccum ederek Alt\u0131nordu Devletinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Moskova Knezli\u011fi, 1502 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Alt\u0131nordulular\u0131n korkusundan K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a muhta\u00e7 olup, Mengli Giray ile iyi ge\u00e7inirken, bu tarihten sonra Rusya, Mengli Giray\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla anla\u015farak K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 cephe almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Mengli Giray da, Litvanya ve Lehistan Kral\u0131 D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kazimir ile Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 anla\u015farak, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden ba\u015fka, bu Avrupa devletleriyle de ittifak kurdu. <\/p>\n
Mengli Giray\u2019\u0131n 1514\u2019te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle tahta ge\u00e7en o\u011flu Mehmed Giray ile Kazan taht\u0131na getirilen S\u00e2hip Giray da, Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte hareket ettiler. Mehmed Giray, 1521\u2019de Moskova\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131p, Ruslar\u0131 yenerek onlar\u0131 haraca ba\u011flad\u0131. Ruslar, bu harac\u0131, Deli Petro (1682-1725) zaman\u0131na kadar \u00f6dediler. Mehmed Giray\u2019\u0131n 1523 tarihinde Astrahan Seferinden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, Nogaylar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131nla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra yerine ge\u00e7en hanlar, Rusya ile m\u00fccadeleyi devam ettirdiler. Bu hanlar aras\u0131nda S\u00e2hip Giray (1532-1551) ve Devlet Giray (1551-1577) devrinde Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadele ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Devlet Giray\u2019\u0131n hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kazan ve Astrahan, Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. Bu enerjik han, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015fehirleri geri alabilmek i\u00e7in Ruslarla \u00e7etin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. Yine bu han zaman\u0131nda, K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeli g\u00f6r\u00fclen Nogaylar, \u00d6zi Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na, Turla ve Tuna aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi. Rus yay\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir al\u0131narak, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019ya, Orta Asya\u2019dan T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 getirilerek yerle\u015ftirildi. Bucak\u2019a (Besarabya) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar yerle\u015ftirilerek, kuvvet dengesi sa\u011fland\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019daki \u00c7erkezler ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak bozk\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki yerli ah\u00e2li ile m\u00fcnasebetler kuvvetlendirilerek, K\u0131r\u0131m han\u0131n\u0131n ve Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131n\u0131n otoritesi buralarda hakim k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar, Orta Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkleri Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 desteklemek ve m\u00fcnasebet kurmak i\u00e7in Don-Volga kanal projesine ba\u015flad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Devlet Giray\u2019\u0131n 1577\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da taht m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flad\u0131. 1588 tarihinde taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015faran ve \u201cBora\u201d unvan\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan \u0130kinci G\u00e2zi Giray Han, \u00fclkede birlik ve beraberli\u011fi tesis ederek, Osmanl\u0131ya sadakatini arz etti. Daha sonra da rakibi Murat Giray\u2019a yard\u0131m eden Moskova h\u00e2kimi \u00c7ar Feodor \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Fakat, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin Avusturya ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in, harbi b\u0131rak\u0131p Ruslarla anla\u015fma yapmak zorunda kald\u0131 (1592). Anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re \u00c7ar, on bin ruble vergi ve belirli hediyeler g\u00f6ndermeyi kabul etti. <\/p>\n
\u0130kinci G\u00e2zi Giray, Osmanl\u0131-Avusturya sava\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar kazand\u0131 ve Bo\u011fdan Beyinin itaat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flara kat\u0131lan bu yi\u011fit Han, 1607 tarihinde vebadan \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u0130kinci G\u00e2zi Giray\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da hanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi, y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi olan 1792\u2019ye kadar devam etti. Bu arada K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren tesirlerini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flayan Rus Kazaklarla da m\u00fccadele etti. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin Lehistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131, Kazak Ataman\u0131 Dro\u015fenko\u2019yu desteklemesi sonucunda, 1672\u2019de Lehistan\u2019la ve arkas\u0131ndan Ruslarla 1678\u2019de yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda, K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ruslarla yap\u0131lan 1678 Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Ruslarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapma yetkisini K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verdi. O s\u0131rada tahtta bulunan Murat Giray, Rus temsilcileri ile yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k bir bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imza etti. <\/p>\n
1683 tarihinde, Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Murat Giray, sadrazamdan intikam almak gayesi ile, ilerleyen Jan Sobieski idaresindeki Leh kuvvetlerini \u00f6nlemedi ve bozguna sebep oldu. Bu y\u00fczden azledilerek, yerine \u0130kinci Hac\u0131 Giray getirildi. Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fahs\u00ee sebeplerle Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerini Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmas\u0131, ileride ba\u015f\u0131na gelen fel\u00e2ketlere sebep oldu. \u0130kinci Hac\u0131 Giray\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcren hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sonra, 1684\u2019te Selim Giray, Ruslar\u0131n (1687-1689) ve Lehlilerin (1687-1688) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 yi\u011fit\u00e7e p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Karlof\u00e7a Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (1699) ile Azak Kalesini alan Ruslar, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a \u00f6dedikleri y\u0131ll\u0131k vergiyi de kestiler. On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Rus ve Avusturya kuvvetlerinin, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015flar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Ruslar, Haziran 1736\u2019da K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi Bah\u00e7esaray\u2019\u0131 ya\u011fma ve tahrip ettiler. K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeleri ve \u015fehirleri de bu tahripten kurtulamad\u0131. 1768-74 Osmanl\u0131-Rus muharebelerinde, Bucak (Besarabya) 1770\u2019lerde, K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131 da 1771\u2019de, Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan istil\u00e2 edildi. Sava\u015f\u0131 sona erdiren 21 Temmuz 1774 tarihli K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile K\u0131r\u0131m, Osmanl\u0131 himayesinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p, siyas\u00ee ve m\u00fclk\u00ee idare bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z h\u00e2le getirildi. Ahalisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan K\u0131r\u0131m, din\u00ee bak\u0131mdan yine Osmanl\u0131 Devletine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n
Rusya, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerini \u00e7ektirmeye K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla muvaffak olunca \u201cs\u0131cak denizlere inme\u201d siyaseti dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, b\u00fct\u00fcn harp metotlar\u0131n\u0131 tatbik etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da ba\u015flayan hanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine kar\u0131\u015fan Ruslar, 1777\u2019de Rus taraftar\u0131 olan \u015eahin Giray\u2019\u0131n han olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Osmanl\u0131 taraftar\u0131 olan Bahad\u0131r Giray, hanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde \u015eahin Giray kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Tam man\u00e2s\u0131yla Rus taraftarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan ve Ruslar gibi ya\u015famaya ba\u015flayan \u015eahin Giray\u2019a K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131lar, \u201ck\u00e2fir\u201d g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakmaya ba\u015flay\u0131p, onu istemediler. Sonunda, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7ler ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durumu de\u011ferlendiren Ruslar, T\u00fcrklerin bo\u015faltt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere, yetmi\u015f be\u015f bin Rus g\u00f6\u00e7meni yerle\u015ftirdiler. 1779\u2019da yap\u0131lan Aynal\u0131kavak Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile, K\u0131r\u0131m hanlar\u0131n\u0131n serbest\u00e7e se\u00e7ilmesi, Rus askerlerinin K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesi, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin \u015eahin Giray\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 maddelerinin kabul edilmesine ra\u011fmen, antla\u015fma k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kald\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ruslar, antla\u015fmaya uymad\u0131lar ve askerlerini \u00e7ekmediler. K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ilhak edebilmek i\u00e7in, K\u0131r\u0131m ahalisini tahrik yoluna gittiler. Osmanl\u0131lar da \u00c7erkez ve Kuban T\u00fcrklerini Rus tahriklerine kar\u015f\u0131 desteklediler. <\/p>\n
\u015eahin Giray, Ruslardan da yard\u0131m alarak K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lardan ay\u0131r\u0131p, Rus tipi bir ordu ve idar\u00ee te\u015fkilatlanmaya gitti. K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131lar buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, harekete ge\u00e7tiler. \u015eahin Giray, Ruslara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n destekledi\u011fi Bahad\u0131r Giray, 1782\u2019de tahta ge\u00e7ti. Fakat Rus Generali Potemkin ile geri d\u00f6nen \u015eahin Giray, 8 Nisan 1785\u2019te hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irdi. Bu arada Rus askerleri, otuz bin K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00fc ac\u0131madan \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Ayn\u0131 tarihte Ruslar, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ilhak ettiklerini de resmen ilan ettiler. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, bu tarihte i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir sefer tertip edemedi. \u015eahin Giray, ihanetlerinin m\u00fck\u00e2fat\u0131 olarak, Ruslardan, hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmelerini beklerken, i\u015flerine yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan Ruslar, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ilhak ettikten sonra, ona y\u00fcz vermediler. \u015eahin Giray, \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmek mecburiyetinde kald\u0131. Fakat, \u00f6nce Rodos\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sonra da idam edildi (1787). Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, Ruslarla yeni bir harbe giri\u015fti ise de muvaffak olamay\u0131p, 1792 Ya\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya ilhak\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti. Osmanl\u0131lar, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 Rus istil\u00e2s\u0131ndan kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131larsa da, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc muvaffak olamad\u0131lar. 1853-1855 tarihleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’nda da istenilen netice sa\u011flanamad\u0131. Rus i\u015fg\u00e2lindeki K\u0131r\u0131m, 1918\u2019de Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi. Daha sonra Beyaz Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin merkezi oldu. 1921\u2019de, Muhtar (\u00d6zerk) K\u0131r\u0131m Sovyet Cumhuriyeti kuruldu. Ancak, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Almanlarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Cumhuriyet da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p, halk\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi (1945). K\u0131r\u0131m T\u00fcrklerinin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayurda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f m\u00fccadelesi, doksanl\u0131 y\u0131llarda h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam etmekteydi. K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 liderlerden Mustafa Cemilo\u011flu ve bir\u00e7ok K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 aile, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da kurduklar\u0131 \u00e7ad\u0131rkentlerde ya\u015fama m\u00fccadelesi vermektedir. <\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, Alt\u0131nordu ve Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde oldu\u011fu gibidir. On be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren; K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Kabartay, K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve Taman b\u00f6lgelerinde h\u00e2kimiyet s\u00fcren K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi, Bah\u00e7esaray \u015fehridir. Hanl\u0131k d\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131ndaki Kara\u00e7i Beyleri Alt\u0131nordu ananesine g\u00f6re hareket ederlerdi. Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birinci veliahd\u0131na \u201cKalgay\u201d, ikincisine \u201cN\u00fbredd\u00een\u201d denirdi. Devlet i\u015fleri, Han\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; Kalgay ve N\u00fbredd\u00een\u2019le birlikte, Bucak, Yedisar ve Kuban seraskerleri, \u015eirin Beyi, m\u00fcfti, ulua\u011fa denilen vezir, kad\u0131asker, haz\u00eenedarba\u015f\u0131, defterdar, akta\u00e7\u0131bey, kilerciba\u015f\u0131, d\u00eev\u00e2n efendisi, k\u00e2d\u0131asker n\u00e2ibi, Ba\u011f\u00e7esaray kad\u0131s\u0131 ve kullar a\u011fas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan idare edilirdi. Toprak, Han ailesi ve mirzalar aras\u0131nda timar olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k timar sahipleri, K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na asker beslerdi. K\u0131r\u0131m askerleri, umumiyetle atl\u0131 olup ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131lardan temin edilirdi. K\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcvarileri, Moskof \u00fczerine ak\u0131n yapmakta gayet usta muhariptiler. K\u0131r\u0131m hanlar\u0131, kuvvetli zamanlar\u0131nda Moskova\u2019dan ve Lehistan\u2019dan \u201ct\u0131y\u0131\u015f\u201d ad\u0131 verilen y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi al\u0131rlard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 seferlerine, K\u0131r\u0131m kuvvetleri de kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n
K\u0131r\u0131m hanlar\u0131, pek \u00e7ok mimar\u00ee eserler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6zleve\u2019deki Han Camii, 1552\u2019de Mimar Sinan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karag\u00f6z kasabas\u0131ndaki Kole\u00e7 Mescidi, Karasu\u2019daki \u015eor Camii, kervansaray ve b\u00fcy\u00fck hamam, Yenikale surlar\u0131, Ker\u00e7\u2019te Bayezid Camii, Mustafa \u00c7elebi Camii, medrese ve hamam, Bah\u00e7esaray\u2019daki Han Saray\u0131 ve civar\u0131nda bulunan t\u00fcrbe, 16-17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belli ba\u015fl\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m eserleridir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kuzey Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk devleti. Alt\u0131nordu Devleti’nde h\u00e2nedanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine kat\u0131lan s\u00fcl\u00e2le mensuplar\u0131 ve \u00e2si kabile beylerinin s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131yd\u0131. Burada 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ba\u015flayan hakimiyet kurma m\u00fccadelesi, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hac\u0131 Giray taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Hac\u0131 Giray, Cengiz Han\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Cuci\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu Tokay Timur soyundan gelmekteydi. Babas\u0131n\u0131n, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019daki taht m\u00fccadelesi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1812,1418,1692,1813,1487,1811],"class_list":["post-565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-altinordu-devleti","tag-cengiz-han","tag-fatih-sultan-mehmed","tag-gazi-giray","tag-karlofca-antlasmasi","tag-kirim-hanligi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/565\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}