\u015eeyban\u00eeler (\u00d6zbekler, \u015eiban\u00eeler, \u015eib\u00e2no\u011fullar\u0131)<\/p>\n
On be\u015f ve on alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren T\u00fcrk \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti. Ad\u0131n\u0131 Muhammed \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee Handan alan bu devlete \u00d6zbekler de denir. <\/p>\n
Timur Han’\u0131n 1405\u2019te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra zay\u0131flayan Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Aral G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ve Seyhun Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyindeki b\u00f6lgede da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak ya\u015fayan \u00d6zbekler, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr\u2019\u0131n idaresinde toplanarak, 1428\u2019de, onu, kendilerine han ilan ettiler. \u00d6zbeklerden ayr\u0131lan K\u0131rg\u0131z Kazaklar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden hakimiyeti alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr, 1468\u2019de bir sava\u015fta vefat etti. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra, \u00d6zbekler, \u00c7a\u011fatay Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Y\u00fbnus Hana yenilerek da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar. Y\u00fbnus Han, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu \u015eah Budak\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc. Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde bulunan \u00d6zbekler, bu h\u00e2dise \u00fczerine \u015eah Budak\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Muhammed \u015eeybek’in (\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee) etraf\u0131nda tekrar toplanarak g\u00fcneye do\u011fru inmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Bu h\u00e2diseden sonra, \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00eeler ad\u0131n\u0131 alan \u00d6zbekler, ilk zamanlar \u00c7a\u011fatay Han\u0131 Mahmud Han\u0131n himayesine girerek T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a yerle\u015ftiler. Bu s\u0131rada Timuro\u011fullar\u0131 Devletindeki i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan istifade ederek, 1500\u2019de Buh\u00e2ra\u2019y\u0131 zaptedip, Timur H\u00e2ned\u00e2n\u0131na son verdiler. M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir taht\u0131na Muhammed \u015eeybek ge\u00e7ti. Harezm, Hive, Belh ve Herat\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. \u00c7a\u011fataylar\u0131n elinde bulunan Ta\u015fkent\u2019i de zapteden \u00d6zbekler, \u00c7a\u011fatay Han\u0131 Mahmud Hanla karde\u015fi Ahmed Han\u0131 esir ald\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkistan, M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir, Fergana ve Horasan b\u00f6lgelerine hakim olup, Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devleti h\u00e2line geldiler. <\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019da bulunan Akkoyunlu Devleti’ni y\u0131karak, hakimiyeti ele alan Safev\u00eeler, S\u00fcnni itikadda olan \u00d6zbeklere kar\u015f\u0131, Horasan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere harekete ge\u00e7tiler. S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n h\u00e2misi durumunda olan Muhammed \u015eeybek, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in Ehl-i s\u00fcnnet itikad\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesini ve kendisine boyun e\u011fmesini istedi. \u0130steklerinin yerine getirilmemesi h\u00e2linde, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00c2zerbaycan ve \u0130ran topraklar\u0131n\u0131 elinden alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Bu s\u0131rada Osmanl\u0131lar’\u0131n da deste\u011fini alan \u00d6zbekler, Safev\u00eelere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130kinci Bayezid Han, Muhammed \u015eeybek\u2019i, \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019e sava\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131 i\u00e7in destekledi. Muhammed \u015eeybek\u2019in o\u011flu Muhammed\u2019in, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen Safev\u00eeler, harekete ge\u00e7erek Horasan\u2019\u0131 zaptedip Me\u015fhed\u2019e girdiler. Merv yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u00d6zbekleri ma\u011flup ederek Muhammed \u015eeybek\u2019i \u015fehit ettiler (1510). <\/p>\n
Yeniden bir araya gelen \u00d6zbekler, 1512\u2019de, \u015ei\u00ee-Safev\u00ee kumandan\u0131 Necm\u00ee S\u00e2n\u00ee ile B\u00e2b\u00fcr\u2019\u00fc Goncdevan\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011flubiyete u\u011fratt\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece Buh\u00e2ra, Semerkand ve M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir b\u00f6lgeleri, tekrar \u00d6zbeklerin hakimiyetine girdi. Yeniden iktidar\u0131 ele alan \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00eeler H\u00e2ned\u00e2n\u0131, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir b\u00f6lgesinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Semerkand\u2019\u0131 devlet merkezi olarak se\u00e7en \u00d6zbekler, Muhammed \u015eeybek\u2019in amcas\u0131 K\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnc\u00fc Han devrinde, Horasan\u2019\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, Me\u015fhed ve Ester\u00e2b\u00e2d\u2019\u0131, Safev\u00eelerden ald\u0131lar. Fakat Me\u015fhed ve Herat yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrbe-i \u015eeyh-i Cem denilen yerde yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta \u015eah Tahmasb\u2019a yenilince, buralar yeniden ellerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Hindistan\u2019da bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk devleti kuran Bab\u00fcr, \u00d6zbeklerin ma\u011flubiyetinden istifade ederek, M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir b\u00f6lgesini ele ge\u00e7irmek istedi. O\u011flu H\u00fcm\u00e2yun \u015eah’\u0131, Semerkand \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderdi. Fakat, \u00d6zbeklerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve B\u00e2b\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn Hindistan\u2019daki i\u015fleri sebebiyle bir sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Muhammed \u015eeybek\u2019ten sonraki \u00d6zbek hanlar\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc olan \u0130kinci Abdullah Han, da\u011f\u0131lan \u00d6zbek boylar\u0131n\u0131 toplay\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir h\u00e2le getirdi. 1557\u2019de Buh\u00e2ra\u2019y\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irerek ba\u015f\u015fehir yapt\u0131. Babas\u0131 \u0130skender\u2019i b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00d6zbeklerin han\u0131 ilan etti. Belh, Semerkand ve Ta\u015fkent ile Siridery\u00e2’n\u0131n (Seyhun) kuzeyindeki b\u00f6lgeyi ve Fergana\u2019y\u0131 tekrar hakimiyeti alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Babas\u0131 ad\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1582\u2019de Sar\u0131su ve Turgay aras\u0131ndaki Uluda\u011f\u2019a kadar uzanan bir sefer d\u00fczenleyip, Bedah\u015f\u00e2n, Horasan, G\u00eelan ve Harezm\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi. 1583\u2019ten itibaren, \u00fclkeyi kendisi idare etti. \u0130ran \u015eah\u0131 Abbas, 1597\u2019de Herat\u2019ta \u00d6zbekleri yenerek Horasan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130kinci Abdullah Han\u0131n o\u011flu Abd\u00fclm\u00fc\u2019min, Belh\u2019i idare etmekteyken babas\u0131na isyan etti. Bunu f\u0131rsat bilen K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Ta\u015fkent b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal ettiler. 1598\u2019de \u0130kinci Abdullah Han\u0131n vefat etmesinden alt\u0131 ay sonra o\u011flu Abd\u00fclm\u00fc\u2019min de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce, \u00d6zbekler \u00fclkesinde hakimiyet \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00eelere akraba olan Cano\u011fullar\u0131na (Ast\u0131rhan Hanlar\u0131) ge\u00e7ti. <\/p>\n
\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00eeler, M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir\u2019de ziraat, ticaret, g\u00fczel sanatlar ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015ftirdiler. \u00dclkede huzur ve emniyeti sa\u011flay\u0131p, iktisad\u00ee refah seviyesini y\u00fckselttiler. Ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kervansaray ve k\u00f6pr\u00fcler in\u015fa ettirip, k\u0131ymetli madenlerden, al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksek para kestirdiler. Sulama kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7arak, zira\u00ee verimi y\u00fckselttiler. \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee hanlar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc kimseler olup, \u00e2lim ve sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131 himaye ederlerdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u015eeyban\u00eeler (\u00d6zbekler, \u015eiban\u00eeler, \u015eib\u00e2no\u011fullar\u0131) On be\u015f ve on alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren T\u00fcrk \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti. Ad\u0131n\u0131 Muhammed \u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee Handan alan bu devlete \u00d6zbekler de denir. Timur Han’\u0131n 1405\u2019te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra zay\u0131flayan Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Aral G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ve Seyhun Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyindeki b\u00f6lgede da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak ya\u015fayan \u00d6zbekler, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr\u2019\u0131n idaresinde toplanarak, 1428\u2019de, onu, kendilerine …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1824,1822,1819,1818,1820,1821,1823],"class_list":["post-569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-cagatay-han","tag-maveraunnehir","tag-ozbekler","tag-seybaniler","tag-sibaniler","tag-sibanogullari","tag-timur-han"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}