AR\u015e\u0130MET\u2019\u0130N HAYATI : Eski Yunan matematik\u00e7i ve fizik\u00e7isidir. (Syrakusai M.\u00d6. 287-ay.y. 212) Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlamak ve \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adam\u0131 Eukleides\u2019 in derslerini izlemek \u00fczere Antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan \u0130skenderi\u2018 ye gitti. Yer k\u00fcrenin \u00e7evresini zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok iyi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla veren Eratusthenes ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yurduna d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra kendini tamam\u0131yla ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara adad\u0131. Matematik, fizik ve astronomi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n \u0130lk olarak Ar\u015fimet daire \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na oran olan pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131,daire i\u00e7ine ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7izilmi\u015f d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7okgenler yard\u0131m\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kla veren bir metot ortaya koydu. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lar\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla belirtmeye yarayan bir y\u00f6ntem bularak Yunan say\u0131 sistemini geli\u015ftirdi. Yaylar\u0131n toplama ve \u00e7\u0131karma form\u00fcllerini buldu. Koniklerin (elips, parobol,hiperbol) kendi \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nmesiyle olu\u015fan geometrik \u015fekilleri inceledi. Ar\u015fimet \u2018in mekanik alanda da ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Sonsuz vidan\u0131n hareketli makaran\u0131n, palangan\u0131n ve di\u015fli \u00e7ark\u0131n bulucusu olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r. \u201cBana bir dayanak noktas\u0131 g\u00f6sterin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yerinden oynatay\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc Ar\u015fimet\u2019e aittir.
\n Kurumsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yan\u0131nda s\u00f6ylencele\u015fmi\u015f pratik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131da vard\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc Syracusa kral\u0131 ve dostu Hieron \u2018un kendisi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131n taca ba\u015fka bir maden kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ku\u015fkulanarak Ar\u015fimet \u2018ten ta\u00e7 bozulmadan bunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131 istemesiyle ilgilidir. Ar\u015fimet bu sorun \u00fcst\u00fcme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak bir\u015fey bulamaz. Bir g\u00fcn hamamda y\u0131kan\u0131rken suyun v\u00fccudunun batan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hacmiyle orant\u0131l\u0131 bir kuvvetle yukar\u0131 do\u011fru itti\u011fini bulur. Bu yolla tac\u0131n saf alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Ar\u015fimet b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sevin\u00e7le \u00e7r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak olrak soka\u011fa f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Eureka, Eureka (buldum, buldum )\u2026
\n Ayr\u0131ca Ar\u015fimet M.\u00d6. 215\u2019te Konsal Marcellus komutas\u0131ndaki Roma ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Syracua kentinin savunmas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Bu savunmada \u00e7ok uzak mesafelere ok ve ta\u015f atan mekanik aletler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kurdu\u011fu ayna sistemiyle g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 Roma donanmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde odaklayarak gemileri yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Her\u015feye ra\u011fmen Romal\u0131lar bir \u015fans eseri Syracusa\u2019 ya girdiler. Marcellus, askerlerine bu b\u00fcy\u00fck adama iyi davran\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir. Ancak Ar\u015fimet \u2018I tan\u0131mayan bir asker bir problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne iyice dalm\u0131\u015f olan bilginin kendisine cevap vermemesi \u00fczerine k\u0131zarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n Ar\u015fimet Prensibi : cisimlerin s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz ortamlar i\u00e7erisindeki denge ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan, fizi\u011fin temel ilkelerinden biridir.
\n Ar\u015fimet\u2019in ortaya koydu\u011fu bu ilkeye g\u00f6re s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz ortam i\u00e7eresinde bulunan bir cismin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi hacmine e\u015fit hacimdeki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n (gaz\u0131n) a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar azal\u0131r. E\u011fer cismin yaln\u0131z bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131v\u0131 (gaz) ortam i\u00e7erisinde bulunursa a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar azal\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re hacmi V,a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G, ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu Q olan bir cismin s\u0131v\u0131 (gaz)ortam i\u00e7erisine kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hacmi V, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n (gaz\u0131n) yo\u011funlu\u011fuda Q ise cismin s\u0131v\u0131 (gaz) ortam i\u00e7erisindeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G=G-F\u2019 dir. B\u00f6ylece cismin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki azalmaya neden olan ve s\u0131v\u0131 (gaz) taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru etki ettirilen F kuvvetine kald\u0131rma kuvveti denir. Bu kuvvet cismin, s\u0131v\u0131(gaz) i\u00e7inde kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hacmi kadar hacimdeki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fundan Ar\u015fimet ilkesi matematiksel olarak :
\n F=VQ-V\u2019Q\u2019=(V-V\u2019)Q=V\u2019Q\u2019 Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilir.
\n Ar\u015fimet ilkesinin ilgin\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi, cismin s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz ortam i\u00e7erisinde bulunan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hacmine e\u015fit hacimdeki s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz\u0131, bulunduklar\u0131 kaptan ta\u015f\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan kald\u0131rma kuvveti, ta\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131 ya da gaz\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fittir. Bu olay, i\u00e7inde su bulunan \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir kaba uygun bir cisim at\u0131larak kolayca g\u00f6zlenebilir.
\nPASCAL:(19 Haziran 1623- 19 A\u011fustos 1662)
\n Blasie Pascal; Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7isi, fizik\u00e7isi, felsefecisi ve yazar\u0131d\u0131r. Ak\u0131\u015fkanlar yasalar\u0131ndan biri olan pascal\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.
\n Clermont Vergi Mahkemesi ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan babas\u0131 iyi bir matematik\u00e7i ve bilgili bir ki\u015fiydi. Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 5 y\u0131l sonra ailesiyle birlikte Paris \u2018e yerle\u015fti. Fizi\u011fe ve matemati\u011fe duydu\u011fu ilgiden dolay\u0131 d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f edebiyat ve bilim adamlar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta geli\u015fen yetenekleri sayesinde birlikte oldu\u011fu \u00e7evreye yabanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ekmedi. Babas\u0131da o\u011flunun bu yeteneklerini farkedince o\u011fluna ders vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n Hen\u00fcz \u00e7ocuk denilecek ya\u015ftayken, Eukleides\u2019in ilk 32 teorisini \u00f6\u011frenen, 11 ya\u015f\u0131nda sesler \u00fcst\u00fcne bir inceleme yazan (Tratie surles sons (sesler \u00fcst\u00fcne inceleme)) Blasie Pascal, 12 ya\u015f\u0131na gelince kendi kendine geometri \u00f6\u011frendi. Daha sonra sesin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en P.Mersone\u2019in (1588-1648) d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bilginler aras\u0131 toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131ld\u0131. Pascal 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda Desan ques\u2018in 1639\u2019da izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmsel geometri kitab\u0131ndan esinlenerek Essai sur les coniques (konikler \u00fcst\u00fcne deneme) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. 1639\u2019da Rouen\u2019da maliye dairesinde \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6reve atanan babas\u0131yla birlikte gitti, onun i\u015flerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla bir hesap makinesi tasarlad\u0131. Jansenus\u00e7ula ba\u011fland\u0131. Bu arada Tori\u00e7elli\u2019nin t\u00fcpler i\u00e7inde s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, havan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. \u00fcst\u00fcne deneylerini yineledi, bo\u015fluk konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. 1647\u2019de \u201cBo\u015flukla \u0130lgili Yeni Deneyler\u201d adl\u0131 incelemesini yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bo\u015fluk incelemesine giri\u015fide bu d\u00f6nemde yazd\u0131.
\n 1647\u2019den sonra k\u0131z karde\u015fi jacquleline ile Paris\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Pascal\u2019\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu iyiden iyiye bozulmu\u015ftu. Doktorlar\u0131n \u00f6nerilerine uyup gezip dola\u015fmaya, salonlara girip \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, liberten ki\u015filerle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu.
\n 1651\u2019de babas\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, k\u0131zkarde\u015fiyle Port Royal Manast\u0131r\u2019a gitmi\u015ftir. Pascal\u2019\u0131n monden ya\u015fam\u0131 1654\u2019te sona ermi\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fikirleri de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015fti. 23 Kas\u0131m 1654\u2019te \u015fiddetli bir di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle uykusuz ge\u00e7en bir gecede sikloit e\u011frisi \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayan Pascal, bunu izleyen sekiz g\u00fcn i\u00e7nde sikloite ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar ve Port Royal\u2019a giri\u015finden sonraki tek bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u201cSikloit \u00dczerine\u201d (1658) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Pascal \u201cHristiyan Dininin Savunmas\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 bir yap\u0131t yay\u0131mlamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorken \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AR\u015e\u0130MET\u2019\u0130N HAYATI : Eski Yunan matematik\u00e7i ve fizik\u00e7isidir. (Syrakusai M.\u00d6. 287-ay.y. 212) Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlamak ve \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adam\u0131 Eukleides\u2019 in derslerini izlemek \u00fczere Antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan \u0130skenderi\u2018 ye gitti. Yer k\u00fcrenin \u00e7evresini zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok iyi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla veren Eratusthenes ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yurduna d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra kendini tamam\u0131yla ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara adad\u0131. Matematik, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11380,11381,10880],"class_list":["post-5702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-arsimentin-hayati","tag-pi-sayisi","tag-yer-kure"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5702"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5702\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}