Preveze Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131 (Preveze Zaferi)<\/p>\n
Kaptan-\u0131 dery\u00e2 Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fan\u0131n, Andrea Doria komutas\u0131ndaki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deniz sava\u015f\u0131. 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1538\u2019de Adriyatik Denizinin Arta K\u00f6rfezi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Preveze Kalesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k sularda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n zaferiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin emrinde olmayan Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, Akdeniz h\u00e2kimiyetinde rol\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu kahraman T\u00fcrk denizcileri, Cezayir ve Tunus\u2019ta yerle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 oralardan s\u00f6kt\u00fcler ve denizlerin arslan\u0131 oldular. Yavuz Sultan Selim, bu kahramanlara asker ve top g\u00f6ndererek yard\u0131m etti. Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, Macaristan\u2019da zaferler kazan\u0131rken, onlar da ayn\u0131 y\u0131lda, yani 1525\u2019te Akdeniz\u2019in kuzey sahillerini vuruyor, H\u0131ristiyan donanmalar\u0131n\u0131 zapt ediyorlard\u0131. \u0130mparator \u015earlken\u2019in Barbaros\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi Kaptan Andrea Doria ma\u011flup olarak, Septe Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrk denizcileri, \u0130spanyollar\u0131n zulm\u00fcne u\u011frayan yetmi\u015f bin End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131 Kuzey Afrika sahiline \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck zafer \u00fczerine Kanun\u00ee, Barbaros\u2019u, 1533\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019a davet etti. Barbaros, gelirken, bir\u00e7ok zafer daha kazand\u0131. Padi\u015fah onu merasimle kar\u015f\u0131latt\u0131. Kendisini ve devletini Padi\u015fah\u0131n emrine veren b\u00fcy\u00fck denizci, Kanun\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan, Cezayir Beylerbeyli\u011fine tayin olundu. <\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan Almanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve \u0130spanya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Papal\u0131k ve Venedik h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkleri Akdeniz\u2019den atmak i\u00e7in, Osmanl\u0131 Devletine kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurdular. Bunun \u00fczerine Kanun\u00ee, 1537-38 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir donanma haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. D\u00f6rt elle i\u015fe ba\u015flayan Kaptan-\u0131 dery\u00e2 Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, daha haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bitirmeden M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131kan hazinenin muhafazas\u0131 i\u00e7in, k\u0131rk gemiyle denize a\u00e7\u0131lmak mecburiyetinde kald\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan gelecek gemileri vurmak i\u00e7in, Girit sular\u0131nda k\u0131rk gemiyle pusuya yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haber al\u0131nan Andrea Doria, Barbaros\u2019un geldi\u011fini duyunca ka\u00e7t\u0131. Fakat Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131, geri d\u00f6nmeyip, \u015eira, Patnos, Naksos vs. adalar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu esnada tamamlanan doksan gemi de donanmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan gelen Salih Reis komutas\u0131ndaki yirmi par\u00e7a gemi de Barbaros\u2019un gemileri aras\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Gemi say\u0131s\u0131, y\u00fcz elliye ula\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n
Girit Adas\u0131 kalelerini zorlay\u0131p bir hayli ganimet alan Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, k\u00fcrek\u00e7i ve asker ikmali yapt\u0131. Barbaros komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131, \u0130stank\u00f6y Adas\u0131nda ikmal ve istirahatla me\u015fgulken H\u0131ristiyan ittifak\u0131 da gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. Barbaros\u2019un korkusundan, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki koylara hapsedilmi\u015f bir vaziyete giren Ha\u00e7l\u0131 devletleri, Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 birlik kurdular. \u0130rili ufakl\u0131 filolardan muazzam bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 meydana getirdiler. <\/p>\n
Bu Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na getirilen \u00fcnl\u00fc Cenevizli amiral Andrea Doria, Osmanl\u0131ya t\u00e2bi Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Preveze\u2019ye taarruz ederek kaleyi ku\u015fatt\u0131. Haberi alan Barbaros, Turgut Reis komutas\u0131nda yirmi gemilik bir g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc filosu g\u00f6nderdi. Zanta sular\u0131nda k\u0131rk gemilik d\u00fc\u015fman karakol filosuna rastlayan Turgut Reis, hemen d\u00f6n\u00fcp Barbaros\u2019u haberdar etti. Zanta\u2019daki d\u00fc\u015fman filosu da Andrea Doria\u2019ya Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fmakta oldu\u011funu haber verdi. Barbaros\u2019un yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Andrea Doria, Preveze muhasaras\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p, donanmas\u0131n\u0131 toplamak \u00fczere kuzeye \u00e7ekildi. Venedik\u2019e ait Kefalonya Adas\u0131n\u0131 bombard\u0131man eden Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, Preveze\u2019ye var\u0131p kaleyi tamir ettirdi ve sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n
Denizlerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hakimiyetini ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelmi\u015f olan m\u00fcttefik Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131, Korfu civar\u0131nda toplanarak, Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yeneceklerini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Kara harek\u00e2t\u0131 teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 olan Andrea Doria\u2019n\u0131n iste\u011fi kabul edildi. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n mevcudu, 162 kad\u0131rga ve 140 b\u00e2r\u00e7a olup tamam\u0131 302 idi. Bu gemilerde 2500 top ve 60 000 asker vard\u0131. T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131 ise, k\u00fcrekli, yani \u00e7ektiri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan olarak 122 par\u00e7adan ibaretti. Gemilerin ba\u015f taraf\u0131nda, \u00fc\u00e7er adet uzun menzilli 166 adet top bulunuyordu. Ayr\u0131ca donanmada, gemi m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 yan\u0131nda yeni\u00e7eri ve t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahilerden olmak \u00fczere toplam 20 000 asker bulunuyordu. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131, adet itibariyle d\u00fc\u015fmana nazaran \u00fc\u00e7te bir ve top itibariyle on alt\u0131da birdi. Bundan ba\u015fka, T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131nda sekiz bin cenk\u00e7i askere kar\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcttefiklerin gemilerinde altm\u0131\u015f bin silahl\u0131 asker bulunuyordu. <\/p>\n
M\u00fcttefik donanmas\u0131, hen\u00fcz Preveze \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmeden evvel, Barbaros, kumandanlar\u0131 toplayarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kumandanlardan Sinan Reis ile sancakbeyleri, d\u00fc\u015fman donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Akceom Burnuna asker \u00e7\u0131karma tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131, oras\u0131n\u0131n tahkim edilmesini s\u00f6yledilerse de, Barbaros buna l\u00fczum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti. Fakat, kumandanlar\u0131n \u0131srar\u0131 \u00fczerine, teklife muvafakat ederek oraya bir miktar asker \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Kendisi gemi kaptanlar\u0131na l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen talimat\u0131 verdi. <\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekten de Akceom\u2019a asker \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7ok isabetli oldu. Preveze \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen m\u00fcttefik donanmas\u0131, Akceom sahiline ke\u015fif m\u00fcfrezeleri g\u00f6nderdiyse de, T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcfek at\u0131\u015f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. <\/p>\n
Nihayet, 27 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc, devrin iki muazzam donanmas\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde Kaptan-\u0131 dery\u00e2 Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa; sa\u011f kanad\u0131nda Salih Reis; sol kanad\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck co\u011frafya ve matematik \u00e2limi, me\u015fhur denizci Seydi Ali Reis; ihtiyatta da, Turgut Reis, Murad, Sad\u0131k, G\u00fczelce reislerle g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler vard\u0131. M\u00fcttefik Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en me\u015fhur amirali Andrea Doria ve Venedikli Marco Grimari ile Papal\u0131k donanma komutan\u0131 Vicent Capallo bulunuyordu. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar, \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet ve milletlerden meydana geliyordu. Aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissinden ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka, birli\u011fi te\u015fkil eden unsur yoktu. Osmanl\u0131lar ise kumandanlar\u0131na son derece h\u00fcrmetk\u00e2r olup, maneviyatlar\u0131 pek y\u00fcksekti. <\/p>\n
Muharebe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, b\u00fct\u00fcn reisleri, Kaptan-\u0131 dery\u00e2 ba\u015ftardas\u0131na toplay\u0131p, gemi, sil\u00e2h ve say\u0131ca fazla olan d\u00fc\u015fman donanmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00e2biye \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fini anlatt\u0131. Galip gelindi\u011fi takdirde Akdeniz\u2019de mutlak bir Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetinin tesis edilece\u011fini ifade edip, maneviyatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltti. Gemilere \u00fc\u00e7er top yerle\u015ftirip, hil\u00e2l \u015feklinde muharebe nizam\u0131na soktu. <\/p>\n
Ha\u00e7l\u0131 komutan\u0131 Andrea Doria\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harp nizam\u0131nda Venedik ve Papa filolar\u0131 \u00f6nden gidiyor, \u0130spanya ve Ceneviz filolar\u0131 onlar\u0131 takip ediyordu. R\u00fczg\u00e2r, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan esiyor, Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131na ad\u0131m atma f\u0131rsat\u0131 vermiyordu. Preveze \u00f6n\u00fcndeki liman\u0131n giri\u015fini kapatarak Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engellemek isteyen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131, kuvvetli r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 arkas\u0131na al\u0131p Preveze\u2019ye do\u011fru hareket etti. Hava \u00e7ok sisliydi. R\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 lehine y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ve sisin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 kendisini T\u00fcrklerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde buldu. Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, k\u0131rk gemilik bir filoyla Ha\u00e7l\u0131 m\u00fcttefik donanmas\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131p, onlar\u0131 ikiye ay\u0131rd\u0131. Andrea Doria, geri \u00e7ekilerek, Korfu Adas\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc. M\u00fcttefik donanma amirallerinin \u0131srar\u0131 ile, gemileri \u00fc\u00e7 saf halinde tertip edip, tekrar taarruza ge\u00e7ti. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6n\u00fcnde, b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f gemileri olan kalyonlarla karakalar, ikincisinde kad\u0131rgalar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcnde de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gemiler arka arkaya dizilmi\u015fti. Andrea Doria, birinci saf\u0131 kendisine siper al\u0131p, ikinci safta sava\u015f\u0131 idare ediyordu. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc manevra imk\u00e2n\u0131 olan Osmanl\u0131 gemileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde can derdine d\u00fc\u015fen Venedik kaptan\u0131, geriden gelen Andrea Doria\u2019dan yard\u0131m istedi. Fakat Ha\u00e7l\u0131 gemilerini yakalamakta usta olan Barbaros, bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131p, baz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bat\u0131r\u0131p, kimisini de esir ald\u0131. Geri kalanlar ka\u00e7t\u0131. Andrea Doria, durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, m\u00fcttefiklerinin imdat istemelerine bakmayarak, sel\u00e2meti ka\u00e7makta buldu. Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa, bat\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka yirmi dokuz gemi ve \u00fc\u00e7 bine yak\u0131n Ha\u00e7l\u0131 askerini esir ald\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar ise, d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz \u015fehit ve sekiz y\u00fcz yaral\u0131 verdi. Bir Osmanl\u0131 gemisi de hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemileri tamir edip, yaralar\u0131 sard\u0131ktan sonra, ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan Barbaros, Korfu Adas\u0131na, sonra Avlonya\u2019ya gitti. Fakat, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 yakalayamad\u0131. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n yakla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Preveze\u2019ye, Turgut Reis\u2019i b\u0131rakarak \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Preveze Zaferi, Bo\u011fdan Seferinden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte, Barbaros\u2019un o\u011flu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen bir heyet vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, Yanbolu\u2019da iken Sultan S\u00fcleyman Hana arz edildi. Bu zafer haberine \u00e7ok sevinen Sultan S\u00fcleyman Han, Barbaros ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na duadan sonra, kaptan pa\u015fa haslar\u0131na y\u00fcz bin ak\u00e7e zam yapt\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelere fetihn\u00e2meler g\u00f6nderdi. <\/p>\n
Preveze Zaferinden sonra Akdeniz, T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc h\u00e2line geldi. Her biri birer deniz kurdu olan Osmanl\u0131 leventlerine denizler dar gelip, okyanuslara a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131lar. Avrupa krallar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011findeki deniz korsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilip, deniz seyahati, ticareti ve sahildeki halk\u0131n emniyet ve huzuru sa\u011fland\u0131. Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki \u0130sl\u00e2m devletleri, Avrupa devletlerinin tecav\u00fczlerinden korundu. Denizden hac yolu emniyet alt\u0131na al\u0131narak, hac\u0131lar, korsan taarruzundan emin olarak hac yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Preveze Deniz Sava\u015f\u0131 (Preveze Zaferi) Kaptan-\u0131 dery\u00e2 Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fan\u0131n, Andrea Doria komutas\u0131ndaki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deniz sava\u015f\u0131. 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1538\u2019de Adriyatik Denizinin Arta K\u00f6rfezi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Preveze Kalesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131k sularda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n zaferiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin emrinde olmayan Barbaros Hayreddin Pa\u015fa ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, Akdeniz h\u00e2kimiyetinde rol\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu kahraman …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1829,1828,1830,1827,1352,1825,1826],"class_list":["post-571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-andrea-doria","tag-barbaros-hayreddin","tag-girit-adasi","tag-kaptan-i-derya","tag-osmanli-devleti","tag-preveze-deniz-savasi","tag-preveze-zaferi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=571"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}