Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 (Otlukbeli Zaferi)<\/p>\n
Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han\u0131n, Akkoyunlu Sultan\u0131 Uzun Hasan ile, 11 A\u011fustos 1473\u2019te, Otlukbeli mevkiinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan muharebesi. <\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han\u0131n, 1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethiyle Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu ve 1461\u2019de de Trabzon\u2019u alarak Pontus Rum Devletini y\u0131kmas\u0131, H\u0131ristiyan \u00e2lemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kurup, \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde takdir kazanmas\u0131, do\u011fudaki Akkoyunlu Sultan\u0131 Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131 tela\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcrkmen as\u0131ll\u0131 Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan, k\u0131sa zamanda devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek; Irak-\u0131 Acem, Irak-\u0131 Arap, \u00c2zerbaycan, \u0130ran ve k\u0131smen Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya hakim olmu\u015ftu. Pontus Rum Kral\u0131n\u0131n damad\u0131 olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Trabzon\u2019un miras\u0131n\u0131n kendisinin oldu\u011funu iddia etti. Bu sebeple, Fatih\u2019ten Trabzon\u2019u istedi. \u0130ste\u011fi kabul edilmedi. Uzun Hasan, tek ba\u015f\u0131na Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 ma\u011flup edemeyece\u011fini bildi\u011finden, kendisine m\u00fcttefik arad\u0131. Neticede, bat\u0131da Ha\u00e7l\u0131 devletleri ve do\u011fuda hakimiyet m\u00fccadelesi veren T\u00fcrk devlet ve beyleriyle anla\u015ft\u0131. Venedik, Papa ve Napoli, ittifak teklifleri neticesinde, ate\u015fli silahlar ve bunu kullanacak usta ve asker g\u00f6nderip Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131lar. Venediklilerin yard\u0131m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019de serbest faaliyet yan\u0131nda, Mora, Midilli, A\u011fr\u0131boz ve Argos\u2019un iadesi temin edilecekti. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n zapt etti\u011fi Karaman ve Candar beyleri de bu ittifaka dahil oldular. Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n bu faaliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 Fatih de tedbir ald\u0131. Bat\u0131dan gelecek sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Rumeli ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un emniyet tedbirlerini artt\u0131rd\u0131. Rumeli\u2019nin muhafazas\u0131, \u015eehz\u00e2de Cem Sultan’a verildi. M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fbklar\u0131 ile anla\u015fma yap\u0131larak, Akkoyunlular ile ittifaklar\u0131 \u00f6nlendi. Akkoyunlu-Venedik ittifak\u0131n\u0131 da bozmak isteyen Fatih, Venediklilerin A\u011fr\u0131boz Adas\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lardan istemeleri \u00fczerine, anla\u015fmaya yana\u015fmad\u0131. Venedikliler, Uzun Hasan\u2019a yard\u0131m i\u00e7in Napoli, Rodos, Papal\u0131k ve K\u0131br\u0131s donanmalar\u0131yla; Akdeniz ve Ege sahillerindeki Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinden Antalya, \u0130zmir \u015fehir ve kalelerini ya\u011fma edip, yakt\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Fatih, Uzun Hasan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sefere \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce, Anadolu\u2019ya \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvetler g\u00f6nderdi. 1473 Mart\u0131nda do\u011fu seferine \u00e7\u0131kan Fatih\u2019e; Bursa\u2019da Rumeli Beylerbeyi Has Murad Pa\u015fa, Beypazar\u0131\u2019nda Karaman Valisi \u015eehz\u00e2de Mustafa \u00c7elebi, Kazova\u2019da Amasya Valisi \u015eehz\u00e2de Bayezid ve kuvvetleri kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun mevcudu, y\u00fcz bine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Rumeli ak\u0131nc\u0131 kumandan\u0131 Mihalo\u011flu Ali Bey, \u00f6nc\u00fc g\u00f6nderilerek, Akkoyunlular’a ilk darbeyi vurmaya ve haber almaya memur edildi. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu Erzincan\u2019a geldi\u011fi halde, Uzun Hasan ve Akkoyunlular’a rastlayamad\u0131. Erzincan\u2019dan itibaren as\u0131l muharebe \u015fartlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek, \u00e2ni taarruzlara kar\u015f\u0131 ihtiyatla harekete devam edildi. Tercan\u2019da iki taraf\u0131n da \u00f6nc\u00fcleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Uzun Hasan da yetmi\u015f bin askerle Tebriz\u2019den hareketle Tercan istikametine gelmekteydi. \u00d6nden giden ve Tercan Nehrini takip eden Has Murad Pa\u015fa, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Akkoyunlu kuvvetlerini \u00fcst \u00fcste ma\u011flup etti. Has Murad Pa\u015fa, bu muvaffakiyetleri \u00fczerine daha da ilerlemek istedi. Vez\u00eeri\u00e2zam Mahmud Pa\u015fa, F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7memesini tavsiye ettiyse de, dinlemeyip ilerledi. Has Murad Pa\u015fa, F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ince Akkoyunlular’la muharebeye tutu\u015ftu. Sahte ricat takti\u011fine kap\u0131larak Akkoyunlular\u0131n i\u00e7ine girdi ve kuvvetleriyle birlikte pusuya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvetlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 telef olurken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Has Murad Pa\u015fa da F\u0131rat\u2019ta bo\u011fuldu. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n me\u015fhur kumandanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve se\u00e7me askerlerinin esir al\u0131n\u0131p, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle \u00fcmitlenen Uzun Hasan, Otlukbeli\u2019nde Osmanl\u0131lara kesin darbeyi indirmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Merkezden epeyce uzakla\u015fan Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun levaz\u0131m stoku, devaml\u0131 azal\u0131yordu. Atl\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen kuvvetlerine sahip Akkoyunlular, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 muharebe planlar\u0131 tatbik ederek imha harbi yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Akkoyunlu bask\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Anadolu Beylerbeyi Davud Pa\u015fa ve takviye kuvvet olarak da Vez\u00eeri\u00e2zam Mahmud Pa\u015fa g\u00f6nderildi. Otlukbeli\u2019nin tepeleri, Akkoyunlular taraf\u0131ndan tutuldu\u011fundan, Osmanl\u0131 ordusu \u00dc\u00e7a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 mevkiinde sava\u015f d\u00fczeni ald\u0131. Merkezde Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han, sa\u011f kolda \u015eehzade Bayezid, sol kolda \u015eehzade Mustafa bulunuyor, Padi\u015fah, kap\u0131kulu azaplar\u0131na, \u015fehzadeler de, eyalet askerlerine kumanda ediyorlard\u0131. Akkoyunlu ordusunun merkezine Uzun Hasan, sa\u011f kola o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Zeynel Mirza, sol kola da U\u011furlu Mehmed Mirza kumanda ediyorlard\u0131. <\/p>\n
Otlukbeli\u2019nde, 11 A\u011fustos 1473 tarihinde meydana gelen muharebe, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ate\u015fli silahlarda, Akkoyunlular\u0131n da s\u00fcvari kuvvetlerinde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ba\u015flad\u0131. Sol koldaki \u015eehzade Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn gayreti sonucunda, Akkoyunlular’a kar\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckle, muharebe, Osmanl\u0131lar lehine d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n, Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n merkez kuvvetlerini \u015fiddetli top ve t\u00fcfek at\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ate\u015f alt\u0131nda tutmas\u0131, Akkoyunlu kuvvetlerini iyice bozdu. Hasan Bey, muharebe meydan\u0131ndan ka\u00e7t\u0131. Sa\u011f koldaki Zeynel Mirza ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc kuvvetleri kumandanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Muharebede kesin olarak \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flayan Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri, pek \u00e7ok Akkoyunlu devlet adam\u0131, bey, kumandan ve yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ile askerlerini esir ald\u0131. Fakat muharebe meydan\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an Uzun Hasan, yakalanamad\u0131. Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han, esir al\u0131nan Akkoyunlu \u00e2limlerine h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6sterip, serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. Uzun Hasan saf\u0131nda olan Karakoyunlular\u0131 da affetti. Akkoyunlular\u0131n elindeki Osmanl\u0131 esirleri kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Fatih, Otlukbeli Zaferinden sonra, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn muharebe meydan\u0131nda bekledi. Zaferin \u015f\u00fckr\u00fcn\u00fc yaparak, d\u00f6rt bin k\u00f6le ve cariye azad etti. Do\u011fu Seferine \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bor\u00e7 olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan y\u00fcz y\u00fck ak\u00e7eyi (alt\u0131 milyon alt\u0131n lira, on milyon g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para) askere hediye etti. Sefer d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, \u015eebinkarahisar fethedildi. <\/p>\n
Fatih\u2019in Do\u011fu Seferi neticesinde Otlukbeli Zaferi kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, pek b\u00fcy\u00fck arazi elde edilememesinin sebebi, Fatih\u2019in, S\u00fcnn\u00ee ve T\u00fcrk olan Akkoyunlulara kar\u015f\u0131 iyi niyet beslemesidir. Bununla birlikte, bu sava\u015f neticesinde, F\u0131rat Nehrinin bat\u0131s\u0131 kesin olarak Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetine ge\u00e7ti. Bat\u0131l\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ni ma\u011flup edip, \u0130stanbul\u2019a tekrar hakim olamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak anlad\u0131lar. Anadolu birli\u011finin Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 kesinle\u015fip, Orta-Do\u011fu yolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Akkoyunlu \u00fclkesinde taht m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flay\u0131p, hanedan par\u00e7aland\u0131. Karamanl\u0131 \u00fclkesi, Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetine ge\u00e7ti. Otlukbeli Zaferi \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131, tecav\u00fczlerini artt\u0131ran Ha\u00e7l\u0131 korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz ve Ege sahillerindeki sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 da neticesiz kald\u0131. Venedikliler de anla\u015fma istemek zorunda kal\u0131nca, bat\u0131da ve do\u011fuda, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 (Otlukbeli Zaferi) Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han\u0131n, Akkoyunlu Sultan\u0131 Uzun Hasan ile, 11 A\u011fustos 1473\u2019te, Otlukbeli mevkiinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan muharebesi. Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han\u0131n, 1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethiyle Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu ve 1461\u2019de de Trabzon\u2019u alarak Pontus Rum Devletini y\u0131kmas\u0131, H\u0131ristiyan \u00e2lemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kurup, \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde takdir kazanmas\u0131, do\u011fudaki Akkoyunlu Sultan\u0131 Uzun …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1692,1837,1674,1835,1838,1836],"class_list":["post-575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-fatih-sultan-mehmed","tag-istanbulun-fethi","tag-otlukbeli-savasi","tag-otlukbeli-zaferi","tag-pontus-rum-devleti","tag-uzun-hasan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}