Pil gibi bie elektrik kayna\u011f\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan ak\u0131ma, dogru ak\u0131m (DC) denir. B\u00f6yle bir ak\u0131m bir tel i\u00e7inden hep ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde ve ayn\u0131 gerilim de\u011ferinde akar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, hemen t\u00fcm \u00fcl- kelerde kullan\u0131lan alternatif ak\u0131m (AC) belli bir frekansla, yani genellikle saniyede 50-60 kez (50-60 Hz yaz\u0131l\u0131r) \u00f6nce bir y\u00f6ne, hemen ard\u0131ndan da ters y\u00f6ne akar. \u00d6rne\u011fin 50 Hz\u2019lik bir frekansta ak\u0131m, saniyenin ilk y\u00fczde birlik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde en \u00fcst de\u011fe- rine \u00e7\u0131kar ve ard\u0131ndan s\u0131f\u0131ra d\u00fc\u015fer; ikinci y\u00fczde birlik zamanda ise, ters y\u00f6nde en \u00fcst de\u011fe- erine \u00e7\u0131kar ve gene s\u0131f\u0131ra d\u00fc\u015fer. B\u00f6ylece, saniyenin ellide biri kadar bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bir \u00e7evri- mi tamamlar. Elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar ya da ampuller, ak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc ne olursa olsun \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda, ak\u0131m\u0131n titre\u015fimli olmas\u0131n\u0131n pek bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. Alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131n do\u011fru ak\u0131ma bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r. Alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gerilimi hi\u00e7 bir ha- reketli par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan transformat\u00f6rlerle y\u00fckseltilip d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Alternatif ak\u0131m motor- lar\u0131n\u0131n ve alternat\u00f6rlerin, ak\u0131m\u0131 toplayan kesikli bileziklerden olu\u015fan kom\u00fctat\u00f6rleri yoktur. Bu nedenle AC motorlar\u0131 , kom\u00fctat\u00f6rleri bulunan DC motorlar\u0131ndan daha g\u00fcvenilir ayg\u0131tlar- d\u0131r. Frekans, ak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131yan tellerin, transformat\u00f6rlerin, \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131rma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00f6nen ma- kinalar\u0131n ve \u00f6teki elektrik ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layacak bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Frekans, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve Avrupa\u2019da 50 Hz (saniyedeki \u00e7evrim say\u0131s\u0131) ; ABD ve Kanada\u2019da 60 Hz\u2019dir. Alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131n gerilimi: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerinde 240 voltluk bir elek- trik gerilimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de genellikle 220 volt, baz\u0131 yerlerde ise 110 volt kullan\u0131l\u0131r. An- cak bu gerilim, do\u011fru ak\u0131m gerilimi kadar kolay \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmez. Ger\u00e7ekte, 220 voltluk bir AC kayna\u011f\u0131, titre\u015fiminin en \u00fcst noktas\u0131nda 311 volta kadar y\u00fck- selir. Gerilim kar\u015f\u0131t y\u00f6nlerde +311 V ve \u2013 311 V\u2019a dek y\u00fckseldi\u011finden, ortalama de\u011fer s\u0131f\u0131r volt olur. Bir alternat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen etkin gerilim, ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir DC \u00fcretecinin, ayn\u0131 tahrik g\u00fcc\u00fcyle d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00fcreteci gerilime e\u015fittir. Bu de\u011fer, gerilimin en \u00fcst de\u011feri- nin karesi al\u0131narak da bulunabilir. Eksi say\u0131lar\u0131n kareleri art\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, sonu\u00e7ta t\u00fcm\u00fcyle art\u0131 de\u011ferler elde edilir. \u00c7\u0131kan sonucun ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in, gerilim de\u011feri ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fc- n\u00fcr ve bir volt i\u00e7in + 0,5 elde edilir. Bunun da karek\u00f6k\u00fc al\u0131n\u0131rsa + 0,707 volt bulunur. Bu de\u011feri, kullan\u0131lan gerilime uygularsak, 311 voltluk en \u00fcst de\u011ferin 0,707\u2019si 220 volt eder. Bu i\u015fleme, gerilimin ortalama karek\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc alma (RMS) denir. Kayna\u011fa ba\u011flanan bir AC am- permetrede okunan de\u011fer, bu RMS de\u011feridir. \u00dc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 ak\u0131m: AC ak\u0131m\u0131 tek fazl\u0131 olup, evlerde kullan\u0131lan ola\u011fan ak\u0131md\u0131r. Oysa santraller- deki alternat\u00f6rler \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 (trifaze) ak\u0131m \u00fcretirler. Ak\u0131m\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 olmas\u0131, telin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art- t\u0131rmadan, iki elle ta\u015f\u0131nabilecek elektri\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 telle ta\u015f\u0131ma olana\u011f\u0131 verir. \u00dc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 a- k\u0131m , end\u00fcstride kullan\u0131lan motorlar\u0131 i\u015fletmede ve buna g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f \u00f6teki ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131tlarda belirli bir y\u00fck i\u00e7in sar\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131nda tasarruf sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Santrallerdeki alternat\u00f6rlerde, makina \u00e7evresine e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla oturtulmu\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 bobin var- d\u0131r. Bunlardan her biri ayr\u0131 teli besleyen 50 Hz\u2019lik alternatif ak\u0131m verir. Tellerden birindeki gerilim tepe noktas\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6teki iki teldeki gerilim kar\u015f\u0131t y\u00f6nde ve tepe noktalar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 de\u011ferindedir. B\u00f6ylece elektrik, bir tepe noktas\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, elektrik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6teki iki tel- den e\u015fit olarak d\u00f6ner ve devre tamamlan\u0131r. Alternatif ak\u0131m kaynaklar\u0131 – 1 E\u011fer alternat\u00f6rlerde her telde e\u015fit nitelikte elektrik ge\u00e7ebilseydi, \u00fc\u00e7 telden ba\u015fka ba\u011flan- t\u0131ya gerek olmayacakt\u0131. Oysa uygulamada \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n gerilimi transformat\u00f6rlerele d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc- r\u00fcl\u00fcp, tellerden her biri tek fazl\u0131 ak\u0131m olarak evlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, her telden \u00e7ekilen ak\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fik olur. Bu durumun getirece\u011fi olumsuzluklar, alternat\u00f6rlerde ve devredeki t\u00fcm trans format\u00f6rlerde, topraklama kullan\u0131larak \u00f6nlenir. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alternatif ak\u0131m, evlere bir faz teliyle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve bir n\u00f6tr telle \u00e7evredeki da\u011f\u0131- t\u0131m merkezine geri d\u00f6ner. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde, n\u00f6tr telden ba\u015fka, bir de g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in s\u0131f\u0131rlama (toprak) teli kullan\u0131l\u0131r. ALTERNAT\u00d6R Alternat\u00f6r, t\u0131pk\u0131 dinamo gibi mekanik enerjiyi elekrtik enerjisine \u00e7evirir. Ancak, bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 (output) bi\u00e7imleri birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pil gibi bie elektrik kayna\u011f\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan ak\u0131ma, dogru ak\u0131m (DC) denir. B\u00f6yle bir ak\u0131m bir tel i\u00e7inden hep ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde ve ayn\u0131 gerilim de\u011ferinde akar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, hemen t\u00fcm \u00fcl- kelerde kullan\u0131lan alternatif ak\u0131m (AC) belli bir frekansla, yani genellikle saniyede 50-60 kez (50-60 Hz yaz\u0131l\u0131r) \u00f6nce bir y\u00f6ne, hemen ard\u0131ndan da ters y\u00f6ne akar. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11415,11414,5496,5158],"class_list":["post-5762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-alternatif-akim-kaynaklari","tag-alternatif-akim-ve-gerilim","tag-alternator","tag-pil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5762"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5762\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}