Dani\u015fmendliler (Dani\u015fmendo\u011fullar\u0131)<\/p>\n
1071-1178 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sivas, Malatya, Kayseri, Tokat, Amasya ve civar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir T\u00fcrkmen hanedan\u0131. <\/p>\n
Dani\u015fmendliler beyli\u011finin kurucusu G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftekin Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2zi, \u00e2lim ve faziletli bir z\u00e2tt\u0131. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n day\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. <\/p>\n
1063 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Sultan Alparslan\u2019\u0131n hizmetine giren Dani\u015fmend; ilmi, cesareti ve yi\u011fitli\u011fiyle onun dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve en g\u00fcvenilir emirleri aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131’na da kat\u0131lan Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2zi, zaferin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. Sultan Alparslan, sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan emirlerinden, Anadolu\u2019da fetihlerde bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f ve fethedecekleri yerlerin kendilerine \u0131kt\u00e2 edilece\u011fini bildirmi\u015fti. Zaferi m\u00fcte\u00e2kip, fetihlere giri\u015fen beyler, Anadolu\u2019nun muhtelif \u015fehirlerini zaptederek, buralarda kendi adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lan beylikler kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2zi de, zaferden sonra Bizansl\u0131lardan Sivas\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131 ve Dani\u015fmendli Haned\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 kurdu (1071). <\/p>\n
Sivas\u2019\u0131 bir \u00fcs olarak kullanan Dani\u015fmend G\u00e2zi; \u00c7avuldur, Tursan, Kara Do\u011fan, Osmanc\u0131k, \u0130ltekin ve Karatekin adl\u0131 emirleriyle Amasya, Tokat, Niksar, Kayseri, Zamant\u0131, Develi ve \u00c7orum\u2019u fethederek, beyli\u011fine katt\u0131. Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2zi, daha \u00e7ok Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ve Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleleriyle me\u015fhur oldu. 1097 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130znik\u2019i ku\u015fatan ve zapteden Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, Sultan Birinci K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan’la birlikte, Eski\u015fehir\u2019de, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir meydan muharebesine girdi. Binlerce Ha\u00e7l\u0131 askerinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle neticelenen sava\u015fta, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan ve Dani\u015fmend G\u00e2zi, d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerinin \u00e7oklu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek geri \u00e7ekildiler. Bundan sonra, vur-ka\u00e7 takti\u011fini kullanan T\u00fcrkler, Antakya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yok ettiler. Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2zi, 1098 senesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduyla Sivas\u2019tan Malatya \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve \u015fehri ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l devam eden ku\u015fatma sonunda Dani\u015fmend G\u00e2zi\u2019ye mukavemet edemeyece\u011fini anlayan Gabriel, Antakya Prensi Bohemond\u2019dan yard\u0131m istedi. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da, Malatya\u2019y\u0131 ve g\u00fczelli\u011fiyle me\u015fhur k\u0131z\u0131 Morfia\u2019y\u0131 vermeyi teklif etti. <\/p>\n
Bunu f\u0131rsat bilen Bohemond, pek \u00e7ok Ha\u00e7l\u0131 reisini ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m Ermeni prenslerini toplay\u0131p, Malatya\u2019ya hareket etti. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n topraklar\u0131na geli\u015flerini \u00f6nce memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131layan Ermeniler, zul\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce endi\u015feye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler ve durumu Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye haber verdiler. Bohemond kuvvetleri, Malatya\u2019y\u0131 Aksu Vadisinden ay\u0131ran da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeye girdi\u011finde, pusuda beklemekte olan Dani\u015fmend G\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin askerlerince ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcren \u00e7etin bir sava\u015ftan sonra, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ordusu imha edilirken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara zul\u00fcmleriyle me\u015fhur olan Bohemond ve ileri gelen adamlar\u0131 esir al\u0131nd\u0131. <\/p>\n
Dani\u015fmendlilerin, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131 bu muhte\u015fem zafer, b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok sevindirdi. Bohemond gibi bir kontun, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan esir edilmesi ise, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131 derin bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye soktu. Ayr\u0131ca, Dani\u015fmendlilerin \u015f\u00f6hretini artt\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftekin Dani\u015fmend, 1100 senesinde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu zaferden sonra, Sivas\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. <\/p>\n
G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftekin Ahmed G\u00e2z\u00ee, bundan sonra, Rumlar elinde bulunan Malatya \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde \u015fehri fethetti (1101). Ahmed G\u00e2z\u00ee, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Malatya halk\u0131na, kendi \u00fclkesinden bu\u011fday ile ziraat i\u00e7in, \u00f6k\u00fcz ve di\u011fer ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 getirterek halka da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. \u00d6nceleri zul\u00fcm alt\u0131nda inleyen Malatya halk\u0131, bu davran\u0131\u015fa memnun ve hayran kald\u0131lar. Pek \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130sl\u00e2miyet’i kabul etti. Dani\u015fmend G\u00e2z\u00ee, elinde esir bulunan Bohemond\u2019u iki y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f bin dinar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ancak bu hareketi, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019la aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Mara\u015f civ\u00e2r\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta ma\u011fl\u00fbp olan Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2z\u00ee, 1105 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etti. Beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na, 1105\u2019ten 1134 senesine kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren o\u011flu Emir G\u00e2zi ge\u00e7ti. Dani\u015fmend G\u00e2zi\u2019nin vefat\u0131ndan istifade eden Birinci K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan, Malatya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Emir G\u00e2zi, R\u00fckneddin Mesud\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131yla evlenip damad\u0131 oldu. (Bir rivayette ise kay\u0131npederi oldu.) Em\u00eer G\u00e2zi zaman\u0131nda Dani\u015fmend \u00fclkesi, F\u0131rat ve Sakarya\u2019ya kadar uzand\u0131. K\u0131sa zamanda Kastamonu\u2019yu al\u0131p, Bizans\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7en topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131. Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti sultan\u0131 Sencer\u2019in ve Abbas\u00ee halifesinin takdirlerini kazand\u0131. Abbas\u00ee halifesi, onun melikli\u011fini bir fermanla tasdik edip, ayr\u0131ca d\u00f6rt siyah sancak, bir k\u00f6s ve \u00e7e\u015fitli hediyeler g\u00f6nderdi. Bunlar\u0131 getiren el\u00e7iler, yan\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada, Em\u00eer G\u00e2zi a\u011f\u0131r hastayd\u0131. <\/p>\n
Em\u00eer G\u00e2zinin vefat\u0131ndan sonra, 1134 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yerine o\u011flu Mehmed, emir oldu ve 1146 senesine kadar saltanat s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Melik Mehmed, fetih hareketlerinden geri kalmad\u0131 ve Finike\u2019ye kadar uzand\u0131. Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 yendi, Sivas\u2019\u0131 ba\u015f\u015fehir yapt\u0131. Vefat edince, Kayseri\u2019de bir medreseye defnedildi ve yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Z\u00fcnn\u00fbn ge\u00e7ti. Ancak, karde\u015fi Sivas Em\u00eeri Ya\u011f\u0131basan, emirli\u011fini tan\u0131mad\u0131 ve kendi melikli\u011fini ilan etti. Duruma hakim olan Ya\u011f\u0131basan, 1146\u2019dan 1164 senesine kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130stanbul\u2019a sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, fakat ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Ya\u011f\u0131basan zaman\u0131, beyli\u011fin Sel\u00e7uklularla m\u00fcnasebetlerinin en bozuk oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemdir. Ya\u011f\u0131basan, d\u0131\u015fta Sel\u00e7uklularla, i\u00e7te de karde\u015fleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u011fabeyi Z\u00fcnn\u00fbn, Kayseri\u2019yi; Ya\u011f\u0131basan da Malatya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Sel\u00e7uklularla m\u00fcnasebetlerini bozan ve Saltuklular’la da iyi ge\u00e7inemeyen Ya\u011f\u0131basan, 1164 senesinde Kayseri\u2019de vefat etti. Olduk\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fayan Dani\u015fmendliler, yine de k\u00fclt\u00fcr faaliyetini devam ettirdiler. Sivas ve Niksar\u2019da medreseler kurdular. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 medreseler, tarihe ilk kubbeli medreseler olarak ge\u00e7ti. <\/p>\n
Dani\u015fmendli H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131basan\u2019dan sonra, karde\u015fi \u0130smail, gen\u00e7li\u011finin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir m\u00fcddet emirlik yapt\u0131. Bundan sonra Z\u00fcnn\u00fbn tekrar melik oldu. 1175 senesinde Dani\u015fmendliler beyli\u011fi sona erdi. Topraklar\u0131 \u0130kinci K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan taraf\u0131ndan Sel\u00e7uklu topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Dani\u015fmendlilerden bir kol, Malatya\u2019da bir m\u00fcddet daha h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Fakat bunlar da, 1178 senesinde Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131 \u0130kinci K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan taraf\u0131ndan, Sel\u00e7uklu \u00fclkesine kat\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, Dani\u015fmendli Beyli\u011fi tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu. Ancak bu beylikten pek \u00e7ok emir, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131na itaat edip, onlar saf\u0131nda hizmete devam ettiler. Anadolu\u2019da bir asra yak\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Dani\u015fmendliler, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde camiler, medreseler ve pek \u00e7ok hay\u0131r eserleri yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu eserlerin zamanla tamirler sebebiyle hususiyeti de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 eserler, plan itibariyle, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l Anadolu mimarisi i\u00e7in dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Dani\u015fmendliler (Dani\u015fmendo\u011fullar\u0131) 1071-1178 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sivas, Malatya, Kayseri, Tokat, Amasya ve civar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir T\u00fcrkmen hanedan\u0131. Dani\u015fmendliler beyli\u011finin kurucusu G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftekin Dani\u015fmend Ahmed G\u00e2zi, \u00e2lim ve faziletli bir z\u00e2tt\u0131. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n day\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. 1063 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Sultan Alparslan\u2019\u0131n hizmetine giren Dani\u015fmend; ilmi, cesareti ve yi\u011fitli\u011fiyle onun dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve en g\u00fcvenilir emirleri …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1841,1842,1843,1542],"class_list":["post-579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-danismendliler","tag-kilic-arslan","tag-malatya","tag-sultan-alparslan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=579"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}