\u015eiilerden biri, Emir-\u00fcl M\u00fc’minin Ali aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m’\u0131n sava\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u0130mam’a soru sordu\u011funda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: Allah-u Te\u00e2la Hazret-i Muhammed salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’i be\u015f k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
O k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lardan \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi, k\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve sava\u015f, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atmad\u0131k\u00e7a (insanlar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f sona ermedik\u00e7e) k\u0131nlar\u0131na konulmayacakt\u0131r; sava\u015f da, g\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131dan do\u011fmad\u0131k\u00e7a (Hz. Mehdi aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m zuhur etmedik\u00e7e) sona ermeyecektir (yani m\u00fccadele ve cihad o g\u00fcne kadar devam edip s\u00fcrecektir). Ancak g\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131dan do\u011funca art\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar emniyet i\u00e7erisinde ola\u00adcakt\u0131r. Art\u0131k o g\u00fcn, “…\u00f6nceden iman etmeyenin veya iman\u0131 varken hay\u0131r bir i\u015f yapmayan\u0131n iman\u0131 fayda etmez.[1]<\/p>\n
Bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 da, k\u0131n\u0131nda haz\u0131r olan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011feri ise, k\u0131n\u0131ndad\u0131r; \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131yla, h\u00fckm\u00fc ise bizimledir.<\/p>\n
K\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Birinci k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Arap m\u00fc\u015friklerinin \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Allah (Azze ve Celle) buyuruyor ki: “Haram aylar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca m\u00fc\u015frikleri buldu\u011funuz yerde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn; onlar\u0131 yakalay\u0131p hapsedin; her g\u00f6zetleme yerinde onlar\u0131 bekleyin.” “E\u011fer t\u00f6vbe eder, (iman edip) namaz k\u0131lar ve zek\u00e2t verirlerse art\u0131k onlar sizin din karde\u015flerinizdir…”[2]<\/p>\n
Bu gruptan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclme veya iman etmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey kabul olunmaz. Resulullah salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’in b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcnnet \u00fczere, onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131 ganimet al\u0131n\u0131r, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ise esir edilir. Zira Resulullah onlardan esir alm\u0131\u015f, (baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131) affetmi\u015f ve (baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan da) fidye kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ise ehl-i zimmetin \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Allah-u Te\u00e2la (bu konuda) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: “\u0130nsanlara g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin.”[3] Bu ayet ehl-i zimmet hakk\u0131nda inmi\u015fti; daha sonra di\u011fer bir ayet inerek bu ayeti nesh etti: “Kendilerine kitap verilenlerden, Allah ve ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne inanmayan, Allah’\u0131n ve Resul\u00fcn\u00fcn haram k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haram tan\u0131mayan ve hak dini (\u0130slam’\u0131) din edinmeyenlerle, boyunlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcp kendi elleriyle cizye verene kadar sava\u015f\u0131n.”[4]<\/p>\n
Onlardan her kim \u0130slam \u00fclkesinde olursa cizye vermek veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten ba\u015fka bir yolu yoktur. Onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131 ganimet, \u00e7ocuk\u00adlar\u0131 ise esir al\u0131n\u0131r. Cizye vermeyi kabul ettiklerinde, onlar\u0131 esir almak haram, mallar\u0131 muhterem, onlarla evlenmek ise c\u00e2iz olur. Ama onlardan her kim, dar-\u00fcl harbda olursa (m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla bir antla\u015fmalar\u0131 olmayan k\u00fcf\u00fcr \u00fclkesinde olursa), onlar\u0131 esir etmek, mallar\u0131n\u0131 ganimet almak bize helald\u0131r; onlarla evlenmek ise c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir. Dar-\u00fcl \u0130slam’a girerek cizye vermek veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten ba\u015fka onlardan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kabul olunmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ise T\u00fcrk, Deylem[5] ve Hazar[6] m\u00fc\u015frikleri gibi acem m\u00fc\u015friklerinin \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Allah-u Te\u00e2la, Muhammed suresinin evvelinde, o k\u00e2firlerin maceras\u0131n\u0131 naklettikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle buyuruyor: <\/p>\n
“(K\u00e2fir olanlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011finiz zaman) Hemen boyunlar\u0131n\u0131 vurun; sonunda onlar\u0131 iyice bozguna u\u011frat\u0131p, zafer kazan\u0131nca da art\u0131k (esirler i\u00e7in) ba\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 tutun. Bundan sonra ya bir l\u00fctuf olarak, ya da bir fidye (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u0131rak\u0131n onlar\u0131). \u00d6yle ki sava\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131raks\u0131n (sona ersin.)”[7]<\/p>\n
“L\u00fctuf”dan maksat, esir ald\u0131ktan sonra onlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r. “Fidye”den maksat da onlarla m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki sava\u015f esirlerini, m\u00fcbadeleyle serbest b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 antla\u015fmad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bunlar, o kimselerdir ki, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmek ve \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul etmekten ba\u015fka onlardan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kabul olunmaz ve dar-\u00fcl harbda olduklar\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e de onlarla evlenmek c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
K\u0131n\u0131nda haz\u0131r olan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ise ba\u011filerin (yani, hak olan \u0130mam\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f kald\u0131ran kimselerin) \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Allah-u Te\u00e2la, buyuruyor ki: <\/p>\n
“M\u00fc’minlerden iki topluluk birbirleriyle sava\u015f\u0131rlarsa, hemen aralar\u0131n\u0131 bulup d\u00fczeltin. Biri di\u011ferine haks\u0131zl\u0131kla sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunacak olursa, art\u0131k haks\u0131zl\u0131kla sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunanla, Allah’\u0131n emrine d\u00f6n\u00fcnceye kadar sava\u015f\u0131n.”[8]<\/p>\n
Bu ayet indi\u011finde Resulullahsalla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: “Benim, Kur’\u00e2n’\u0131n tenzili (zahirine amel etmek) \u00fczere sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi, sizlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 da benden sonra Kur’\u00e2n’\u0131n te\u2019vili \u00fczere sava\u015facakt\u0131r.” Resulullah salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’e: “O kimdir? diye sorduklar\u0131nda: “Ayakkab\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yamayand\u0131r.” buyurdular. Bu s\u00f6zle Emir-\u00fcl M\u00fc’minin aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m’\u0131 kasdediyordu.. (\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130mam Ali aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m o anda ayakkab\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yamamakla me\u015fguld\u00fc.) <\/p>\n
Ammar ibn-i Yasir, (S\u0131ffin sava\u015f\u0131nda) \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: “Ben bu bayrakla \u00fc\u00e7 defa Resulullah salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’le birlikte (d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131) sava\u015ft\u0131m; bu da d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Allah’a andolsun ki e\u011fer (Mu\u00e2viye’nin ordusu), bizi “Hecere” (Bahreyn) hurmal\u0131klar\u0131na kadar geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtse, yine kendimizin hak, onlar\u0131n da bat\u0131l oldu\u011funda \u015f\u00fcphe etmeyiz.” <\/p>\n
Emir-\u00fcl M\u00fc’minin Ali aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m’\u0131n, onlar\u0131n hakk\u0131ndaki sireti (tavr\u0131) Resulullah salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’in, Mekke’yi fethetti\u011fi g\u00fcn, Mekke halk\u0131na olan tavr\u0131 ve sireti gibiydi; zira Hazret-i Resulullah salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuk\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131 esir almad\u0131 ve: “Kim evine girip kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r, silah\u0131n\u0131 yere b\u0131rak\u0131rsa amandad\u0131r.” buyurdu. <\/p>\n
Nitekim Hz. Emir-\u00fcl M\u00fc’minin Ali aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m da Basra sava\u015f\u0131nda \u015fu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu: “\u00c7ocuklar\u0131 esir almay\u0131n, yaral\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyin ve firar edeni takip etmeyin. Kim evinin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r, silah\u0131n\u0131 yere b\u0131rak\u0131rsa amandad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
K\u0131n\u0131nda olan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 da, k\u0131sas h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisiyle uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Allah-u Te\u00e2la, buyuruyor ki: “Cana kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k can ve g\u00f6ze kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k da g\u00f6z (k\u0131sas olunur.)”[9]<\/p>\n
Bu k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmak maktullerin velileriyledir (k\u0131sas istediklerinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r); h\u00fckm\u00fc ise bizimledir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte bu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar, Allah-u Te\u00e2la’n\u0131n, Resulullahsalla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’i onlarla g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lard\u0131r. Kim onlar\u0131n hepsini veya onlardan birini veyahut onlar\u0131n s\u00fcnnet ve ahk\u00e2mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r ederse, Allah-u Tebareke ve Te\u00e2la’n\u0131n, Peygamberi olan Muhammed salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih\u2018e indirdi\u011fi \u015feye k\u00e2fir olur.<\/p>\n
[1]- An’\u00e2m\/158<\/p>\n
[2]- Tevbe\/5 ve 11.<\/p>\n
[3]- Bakara\/83.<\/p>\n
[4]- Tevbe\/30.<\/p>\n
[5]- Deylem, \u0130ran’\u0131n \u015fimdiki Hazar denizinin g\u00fcneyinde olan Gilan eyaletidir.<\/p>\n
[6]- Hazar, Hazar denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir kavimdi.<\/p>\n
[7]- Muhammed\/4.<\/p>\n
[8]- Hucurat\/9.<\/p>\n
[9]- Maide\/45.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u015eiilerden biri, Emir-\u00fcl M\u00fc’minin Ali aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m’\u0131n sava\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u0130mam’a soru sordu\u011funda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: Allah-u Te\u00e2la Hazret-i Muhammed salla’ll\u00e2hu aleyhi ve alih’i be\u015f k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir: O k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lardan \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi, k\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve sava\u015f, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atmad\u0131k\u00e7a (insanlar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f sona ermedik\u00e7e) k\u0131nlar\u0131na konulmayacakt\u0131r; sava\u015f da, g\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131dan do\u011fmad\u0131k\u00e7a (Hz. Mehdi aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m zuhur etmedik\u00e7e) sona ermeyecektir (yani m\u00fccadele …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11438,11434,11437,11436,11435,11433],"class_list":["post-5868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-akillara-hediye","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-2","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-akillara-hediye","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-bolumleri","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-indir","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-oku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5868"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5868\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}