Saltuklu Beyli\u011fi (Saltuklular, Saltuko\u011fullar\u0131) (1092-1202)<\/p>\n
Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesinden sonra Erzurum ve civar\u0131nda kurulan beylik.
\nMalazgirt Zaferi’nden sonra Anadolu\u2019da ilk kurulan T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi budur. Ba\u015f\u015fehri Erzurum olan beyli\u011fin kurucusu, Malazgirt Zaferinin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynayan Emir Saltuk\u2019tur. Sultan Alparslan, Malazgirt Zaferinden sonra, Bizans \u0130mparatoru D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Romanos Diogenes\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile, anla\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmemesi \u00fczerine, emrindeki kumandanlara Anadolu\u2019da fetihlere devam edilmesini emretmi\u015fti. Buna dayanarak Emir Saltuk, Erzurum ve civar\u0131n\u0131 fethederek, Saltuklular Beyli\u011fini kurdu. \u00d6nceleri, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’ne t\u00e2bi olan beyli\u011fin, Emir Saltuk zaman\u0131ndaki siyas\u00ee tarihi hakk\u0131nda, kaynaklarda fazla bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Kas\u0131m Saltuk\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, yerine o\u011flu Ali ge\u00e7ti. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Berkyaruk ile karde\u015fi Muhammed Tapar aras\u0131ndaki saltanat m\u00fccadelesi sonunda var\u0131lan anla\u015fma neticesinde, Saltuklu topraklar\u0131, Melik Muhammed\u2019in h\u00e2kimiyet b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7inde kald\u0131. 1121 Senesinde Artuklu Em\u00eeri \u0130lg\u00e2zi\u2019nin, G\u00fcrc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefere Saltuko\u011flu Ali Bey de kat\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat bu seferde G\u00fcrc\u00fcler galip geldi.<\/p>\n
Em\u00eer Ali\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Saltuklular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na, hakk\u0131nda kaynaklarda fazla bir bilgi bulunmayan karde\u015fi Ziy\u00e2\u00fcddin Gaz\u00ee ge\u00e7ti. Bina kitabelerinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Erzurum\u2019daki Kale Camii ve Tepsi Minareyi yapt\u0131ran, bu beydir. Ziy\u00e2\u00fcddin Gazi, 1126 senesinde G\u00fcrc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 tertiplenen sefere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1131 senesinde \u0130spir ve Pasinleri ge\u00e7erek Oltu\u2019ya kadar gelen G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131. Artuklu Timurta\u015f Bey, Ziy\u00e2\u00fcddin Gazinin k\u0131z\u0131yla evlenince, iki hanedan aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n
Em\u00eer G\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin 1132 senesinde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na, ye\u011feni \u0130kinci \u0130zzeddin Saltuk ge\u00e7ti. Kaynaklarda, \u0130zzeddin Saltuk\u2019a ait bilgiler, bir evlilik sebebiyledir. Ani Em\u00eeri Fahreddin Sedd\u00e2d, \u0130zzeddin Saltuk Beyin k\u0131zlar\u0131ndan birine talip oldu. Fakat bu iste\u011fi reddedildi. Buna i\u00e7erleyen Ani Em\u00eeri, 1154 senesinde, G\u00fcrc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, \u015fehri sat\u0131n almas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u0130zzeddin Saltuk\u2019a haber g\u00f6nderdi. Bu dikkatlice haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir intikam plan\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130zzeddin, \u015fehri teslim almak i\u00e7in Ani\u2019ye geldi\u011finde, Fahreddin \u015eedd\u00e2d bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck mesafede bulunan G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kral\u0131 Dimitri\u2019yi, \u015fehre davet etti. G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kral\u0131, \u00e2ni bir bask\u0131nla Saltuk\u2019u ma\u011flup ederek, onu ve maiyetinden bir\u00e7ok kimseyi esir ald\u0131. Daha sonra, damad\u0131 Ahlat\u015fah \u0130kinci S\u00f6kmen ve Artuklu beylerinin te\u015febb\u00fcsleriyle y\u00fcz bin d\u00een\u00e2r kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130zzeddin Saltuk, serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130zzeddin Saltuk Bey, 1168 senesi Nisan ay\u0131nda vefat etti. H\u0131ristiyan tebaas\u0131na da iyi muamele ederdi. Bu y\u00fczden, onlar\u0131n da sevgi ve sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Devrinde Saltuklu Beyli\u011fi topraklar\u0131, Tercan\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p, Tahir Gedi\u011fine kadar uzan\u0131rd\u0131. Erzurum, Bayburt, Avnik, Micingerd, \u0130spir, Oltu gibi \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130zzeddin Saltuk\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine, o\u011flu N\u00e2s\u0131r\u00fcddin Muhammed Bey ge\u00e7ti. 1189 senesinde bas\u0131lan bir sikkeden, onun, Irak Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 sultan\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Tu\u011frul ve as\u0131l iktidar\u0131 elinde tutan Atabeg K\u0131z\u0131l Arslan\u2019a t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. N\u00e2s\u0131r\u00fcddin Muhammed zaman\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Erzurum \u00f6n\u00fcne kadar geldiler. Krali\u00e7e Tamara\u2019n\u0131n kocas\u0131 David\u2019in kumandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki G\u00fcrc\u00fc kuvvetleriyle Saltuklular aras\u0131nda, iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcren, \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar oldu. Saltuklu kuvvetleri, \u015fehre kapand\u0131lar. G\u00fcrc\u00fc kuvvetleri, muhasaraya girmeden ald\u0131klar\u0131 ganimetlerle yetinerek, geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. N\u00e2s\u0131r\u00fcddin Muhammed\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na, k\u0131z karde\u015fi Mama Hatun ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Kaynaklar, 1191 senesinde Erzurum\u2019a, Mama Hatun\u2019un hakim oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin ye\u011feni Meyy\u00e2f\u00e2rik\u00een H\u00e2kimi Takiyyeddin \u00d6mer, Ahlat \u00fclkesini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve Malazgirt Kalesini muhasara etti\u011fi s\u0131rada Mama H\u00e2tun askerleriyle ona yard\u0131m etti.<\/p>\n
Ancak, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 olan emirler taraf\u0131ndan tahttan indirilen Mama Hatun\u2019un yerine Muhammed\u2019in o\u011flu Melik\u015fah ge\u00e7ti. Bunun zaman\u0131nda, Anadolu\u2019daki di\u011fer beylikler gibi, Saltuklular da T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin tehdidine maruz kald\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 sultan\u0131 R\u00fckneddin \u0130kinci S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, 1202 senesinde G\u00fcrcistan Seferine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ve beylere haber g\u00f6nderip, kendisine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, 25 May\u0131s 1202\u2019de, Erzurum \u00f6nlerine geldi. Kendisini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya gelen Saltuklu beyi Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131 yakalat\u0131p hapsettirdi. B\u00f6ylece, Saltuklu Beyli\u011fi, sona ermi\u015f oldu. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, b\u00f6lgenin idaresini karde\u015fi Mugiseddin Tu\u011frul \u015eaha verdi. Melik\u015fah\u2019\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131na, S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada a\u011f\u0131r davranmas\u0131 sebep g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Saltuklular zaman\u0131nda Erzurum, di\u011fer Anadolu \u015fehirleri gibi, iktisad\u00ee ve ticar\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir \u015fehirdi. Akdeniz limanlar\u0131ndan ve Suriye\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, Konya, Kayseri, Sivas ve Erzincan yoluyla \u00c2zerbaycan\u2019a, \u0130ran\u2019a giden ve T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan Erzurum\u2019a gelip ayn\u0131 yoldan Akdeniz ve Trabzon limanlar\u0131na ula\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ticaret yolunun \u00fczerinde bulunuyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan Erzurum\u2019da ekonomik hayat olduk\u00e7a canl\u0131yd\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131nda, geni\u015f otlaklara sahip olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, b\u00f6lgede hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Saltuklu beyleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanata \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermi\u015fler ve sahip olduklar\u0131 yerlerde \u00e7e\u015fitli mimar\u00ee eserler yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Melik G\u00e2zi; Kale Camii ve Tepsi Minareyi in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Erzurum\u2019da 1179\u2019da in\u015fa edilen Ulu Camiyi N\u00e2s\u0131reddin Muhammed yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 k\u00fcmbetler ismiyle bilinen t\u00fcrbelerden biri, \u0130zzeddin Saltuk\u2019a aittir. Bu t\u00fcrbenin yan\u0131nda bir de z\u00e2viye vard\u0131r. Tercan\u2019da, Mama Hatun taraf\u0131ndan bir kervansaray ve t\u00fcrbe yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1232 senesinde, Eb\u00fb Mens\u00fbr taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen Micingerd Kalesi, Saltuklulara ait \u00f6nemli eserlerdendir. Bunlar zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Saltuklu Beyli\u011fi (Saltuklular, Saltuko\u011fullar\u0131) (1092-1202) Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesinden sonra Erzurum ve civar\u0131nda kurulan beylik. Malazgirt Zaferi’nden sonra Anadolu\u2019da ilk kurulan T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi budur. Ba\u015f\u015fehri Erzurum olan beyli\u011fin kurucusu, Malazgirt Zaferinin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynayan Emir Saltuk\u2019tur. Sultan Alparslan, Malazgirt Zaferinden sonra, Bizans \u0130mparatoru D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Romanos Diogenes\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile, anla\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmemesi \u00fczerine, emrindeki kumandanlara …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1453,1860,1861,1862,1542],"class_list":["post-596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-malazgirt","tag-saltuklu-beyligi","tag-saltuklular","tag-saltukogullari","tag-sultan-alparslan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}