Hz. \u0130sa aleyhi\u2019s-selam\u2019\u0131n havarilerinden olan Yahuda\u2019n\u0131n torunlar\u0131ndan, \u015eem\u2019un ibn-i Lav\u00ee ismiyle me\u015fhur bir rahibin, Resulullah\u2019a y\u00f6neltti\u011fi bir \u00e7ok sorular\u0131n\u0131 ve Peygmaber-i Ekrem\u2019in, ona verdi\u011fi cevaplar\u0131 ve onun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla i\u00e7eren uzun bir hadisten kitab\u0131n \u00fcslubuna uyan baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini zikrediyoruz:<\/p>\n
\u015eem\u2019un, Resulullah\u2019a, “Bana ak\u0131l hakk\u0131nda bilgi ver. Ak\u0131l nedir? Nas\u0131ld\u0131r? Ak\u0131ldan ayr\u0131lan kollar nelerdir? (Akl\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri nelerdir?) Ve bunlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bana a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n.” diye sordu. Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: “Ak\u0131l, cahilli\u011fin buka\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; nefis, en k\u00f6t\u00fc hayvana benzer; buka\u011f\u0131 tak\u0131lmazsa azar. B\u00f6ylece ak\u0131l cahilli\u011fin buka\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Allah-u Te\u00e2la akl\u0131 yarat\u0131p ona, “Gel” dedi, o da geldi; ona “D\u00f6n” dedi o da d\u00f6nd\u00fc; sonra Hak Te\u00e2la \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: “\u0130zzet ve celalime andolsun ki, senden daha azametli ve senden daha itaatk\u00e2r bir varl\u0131k yaratmad\u0131m; seninle ba\u015flay\u0131p seninle hilkati yenileyece\u011fim. M\u00fck\u00e2fat senin i\u00e7indir, azap da sanad\u0131r.”[1]<\/p>\n
Daha sonra ak\u0131ldan hilim (yumu\u015fakl\u0131k), hilimden ilim, ilimden r\u00fc\u015ft (olgunluk), r\u00fc\u015fdden iffet, iffetten korunma (sak\u0131nma), korunmadan hay\u00e2, hay\u00e2dan vakar (a\u011f\u0131r ba\u015fl\u0131 olmak), vakardan hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flerde sebat (s\u00fcreklilik) ve sebattan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten nefret etmek, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten nefretten de nasihat edene itaat etmek ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar, ak\u0131ldan ayr\u0131lan on tane hay\u0131r semeredir. Bunlardan her biri de on ayr\u0131 kola ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hilmin (yumu\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n) semereleri: G\u00fczel davranmak, iyi insanlarla arkada\u015fl\u0131k yapmak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131ktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, al\u00e7akl\u0131ktan uzak durmak, iyili\u011fe fazla istek, y\u00fcce derecelere yakla\u015fmak, affetmek, iyi ge\u00e7inmek, ihsanda bulunmak ve bo\u015funa konu\u015fmamakt\u0131r. Bunlar hilim sayesinde ak\u0131ll\u0131ya nasip olan s\u0131fatlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lmin semereleri: Fakirli\u011fe ra\u011fmen zenginlik (ilim vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kendini zengin g\u00f6rmek), cimrili\u011fe ra\u011fmen c\u00f6mertlik (ki\u015fi yap\u0131s\u0131 itibariyle cimri olabilir ama ilmin gere\u011fi olarak c\u00f6mertlik yapar), basitli\u011fine ra\u011fmen heybetli olmak, hastal\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak (v\u00fccudunun hasta olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen morali yerinde olmak), uzakl\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen yak\u0131n olmak, inat\u00e7\u0131 ve \u0131srarl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hay\u00e2l\u0131 olmak, hakirli\u011fe ra\u011fmen y\u00fccelik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ra\u011fmen \u015ferefli olmak, hikmet, itibar ve makama sahip olmak. \u0130\u015fte bunlar, ak\u0131ll\u0131n\u0131n ilim vas\u0131tas\u0131yla elde etti\u011fi \u015feylerdir. O halde hem ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve hem de alim olan insana ne mutlu.<\/p>\n
R\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcn semereleri: Do\u011fruluk, hidayet, iyilik, takva, ba\u015far\u0131, itidal (dengeli olma), iktisat (ne savurgan ve musrif ne de cimri olma), m\u00fck\u00e2fat, kerem ve Allah\u2019\u0131n dinini tan\u0131mak. Bunlar ak\u0131ll\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fc\u015fd vas\u0131tas\u0131yla elde etti\u011fi \u015feylerdir. \u00d6yleyse ne mutlu do\u011fru yolda sabit olan kimseye.<\/p>\n
\u0130ffetin semereleri: (Takdirine) Raz\u0131 olmak, m\u00fctevaz\u0131 olmak, (hay\u0131rlardan) faydalanmak, huzurlu olmak, (elinin alt\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131n halini) sormak, hu\u015fu, tezekk\u00fcr (gafil olmamak), tefekk\u00fcr, ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunmak ve c\u00f6mertlik. Bunlar, iffet vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ak\u0131ll\u0131 kimseye, Allah-u Te\u00e2la ve O\u2019nun verdi\u011fi r\u0131z\u0131ktan ho\u015fnut oldu\u011fu takdirde, nasib olan \u015feylerdir.<\/p>\n
Siyanetin (kendini koruman\u0131n) k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131: Sal\u00e2h (do\u011fruluk), tev\u00e2zu, z\u00fchd, tevbe, anlay\u0131\u015f, edep, ihsan, sevgi kazanmak, hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flerde bulunmak ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten sak\u0131nmak. Bunlar g\u00fcnahlardan korunma vesilesiyle ak\u0131ll\u0131n\u0131n elde etti\u011fi \u015feylerdir. \u00d6yleyse Allah\u2019\u0131n, siyanetle ikramda bulundu\u011fu kullara ne mutlu.<\/p>\n
Hay\u00e2n\u0131n semereleri: Yumu\u015fakl\u0131k, \u015fefkat, gizlide ve a\u00e7\u0131kta Allah\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek, s\u0131hhat, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck, c\u00f6mertlik, ba\u015far\u0131 ve halk\u0131n aras\u0131nda iyilikle an\u0131lmak. Bunlar hay\u00e2 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ak\u0131ll\u0131n\u0131n elde etti\u011fi \u015feylerdir. Allah-u Te\u00e2la\u2019n\u0131n nasihat\u0131n\u0131 kabullenip, O\u2019nun if\u015fas\u0131ndan korkan kimseye ne mutlu.<\/p>\n
Vakar\u0131n (a\u011f\u0131r ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n) semereleri: L\u00fctufta bulunmak, tedbirli olmak, emaneti eda etmek, h\u0131yaneti terketmek, do\u011fru konu\u015fmak, namuslu olmak (fuhu\u015ftan korunmak), mal\u0131n\u0131 \u0131slah etmek (mal ve servetini iyice koruyup yerinde harcamak), d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten sak\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015flu\u011fu terketmek. Bunlar, vakar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ak\u0131ll\u0131ya nasip olan \u015feylerdir. Vakarl\u0131 olan, cahil ve hafif olmayan, affedip ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan ve (ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hatas\u0131n\u0131) g\u00f6rmezlikten gelen kimseye ne mutlu.<\/p>\n
Hay\u0131r i\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: \u00c7irkin ve k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015fleri terketmek, ahmakl\u0131ktan uzakla\u015fmak, g\u00fcnahtan \u00e7ekinmek, yakine ermek, kurtulu\u015fu sevmek, Rahman (olan Allah)\u2019a itaat etmek, delil ve burhana sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek, \u015eeytandan sak\u0131nmak, adalete boyun e\u011fmek ve hakk\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek. Bunlar hay\u0131r i\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin sonucu olarak ak\u0131ll\u0131ya nasip olan \u015feylerdir. Gelece\u011fini ve (k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden) dirilece\u011fini unutmayan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n fanili\u011finden ibret alan kimseye ne mutlu.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sevmemenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: Vakar (a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k), sab\u0131r, ba\u015far\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ve do\u011fru yol \u00fczerinde olmak, hidayeti s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, Allah\u2019a iman etmek, halka kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131 olmak, ihlasl\u0131 olmak, kendisini ilgilendirmeyen bo\u015f \u015feyleri terketmek ve kendisine yararl\u0131 olan i\u015fleri korumak. Bunlar \u015ferri sevmemekten dolay\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131ya nasip olan \u015feylerdir. Ne mutlu, Allah\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 yerine getiren ve Allah yolunun sa\u011flam iplerine (ni\u015fanelerine ) sar\u0131lan kimseye.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan\u0131n hayr\u0131n\u0131 isteyenin s\u00f6zlerine itaat etmenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: Akl\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, fikrin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131, iyi ak\u0131betli olmak, k\u0131nanmaktan kurtulu\u015f, (hakk\u0131) kabul etmek, dostluk, g\u00f6n\u00fcl a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, insaf, (hay\u0131r) i\u015flerde (di\u011ferlerinden) \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mek ve Allah\u2019a itaat etmede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmak. Ne mutlu heva ve heves meydanlar\u0131ndan kurtulan kimseye. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar ak\u0131ldan t\u00fcreyen hasletlerdir.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra \u015eem\u2019un, Resul-i Ekrem\u2019e: “Cahilin ni\u015fanelerini de a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n.” dedi. Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular: “Cahil ile dost olursan, seni zahmete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr; uzak durursan k\u00fcfreder. Sana bir \u015fey verirse minnet eder; sen bir \u015fey verdi\u011finde nank\u00f6rl\u00fck eder. S\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 ona s\u00f6ylersen h\u0131yanette bulunur; sana s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerse seni (onu yaymakla) su\u00e7lar. Zenginle\u015firse azar, kaba ve kat\u0131 y\u00fcrekli olur; fakirle\u015firse Allah\u2019\u0131n nimetlerini ink\u00e2ra kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve g\u00fcnahtan \u00e7ekinmez. Sevin\u00e7li olursa, haddini a\u015far ve azg\u0131nl\u0131k yapar; \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcrse, \u00fcmitsizli\u011fe kap\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, kahkahayla g\u00fcler; a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k atar; iyilere dil uzat\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131 sevmez; O\u2019nun haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmez; Allah\u2019tan utan\u00admaz ve O\u2019nu anmaz. Kendisini raz\u0131 edersen, seni metheder ve hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7e\u011fi olmayan g\u00fczel \u015feyler s\u00f6yler; sana sinirlenirse, \u00f6vg\u00fcleri kesilir, hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7e\u011fi olmayan k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler s\u00f6yler. \u0130\u015fte cahilin durumu budur.” <\/p>\n
\u015eem\u2019un, daha sonra “\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ni\u015fanesini a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n?” dedi. Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular: “\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ni\u015fanesi iman, ilim ve ameldir.” <\/p>\n
“\u0130man, ilim ve amelin ni\u015fanesi nedir?” diye sordu\u011funda ise Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: <\/p>\n
“\u0130man\u0131n alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fini ikrar etmek; O\u2019na, O\u2019nun kitaplar\u0131na ve peygamberlerine inanmak. <\/p>\n
\u0130lmin alameti ise d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mak, O\u2019nun dostlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mak, ilah\u00ee farizalar\u0131 bilmek ve onlar\u0131 eda etmekte ihmalk\u00e2rl\u0131k yapmamak. <\/p>\n
Amelin ni\u015faneleri ise \u015funlard\u0131r: Namaz, oru\u00e7, zek\u00e2t ve ihlasl\u0131 olmak.” <\/p>\n
Sonra \u015eem\u2019un, Resulullah\u2019a, “Do\u011fru kimsenin, m\u00fc\u2019minin, sab\u0131rl\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00f6vbe edenin, \u015f\u00fckredenin, hu\u015fu sahibinin, salih kimsenin, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hayr\u0131n\u0131 isteyenin, yakin ehlinin, ihlas sahibinin, zahidin, iyinin, takval\u0131n\u0131n, tekell\u00fcf ehlinin, zalimin, riyak\u00e2r\u0131n, m\u00fcnaf\u0131\u011f\u0131n, haset\u00e7inin, israf edenin, gafilin, h\u00e2inin, tembelin, yalanc\u0131n\u0131n ve f\u00e2s\u0131\u011f\u0131n alametlerini a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n.” dedi. Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n
“Do\u011fru olan kimsenin alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Do\u011fru konu\u015fur; Allah\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcjdesini ve korkutmas\u0131n\u0131 tasdik eder; ahdini yerine getirir ve h\u0131yanetten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u2019minin alameti de, \u015fefkatli, anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve hay\u00e2l\u0131 olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sab\u0131rl\u0131n\u0131n alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Zorluklara kar\u015f\u0131 sabreder; iyi i\u015flerde kararl\u0131 olur, tev\u00e2zu ve hilim sahibidir.<\/p>\n
T\u00f6vbe edenin de alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: S\u0131rf Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in amel eder; bat\u0131l\u0131 terkeder; hakka sar\u0131l\u0131r ve hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flere \u00e7ok ilgi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fckredenin de alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Nimetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00fckreder; belaya kar\u015f\u0131 sab\u0131rl\u0131 olur; Allah\u2019\u0131n k\u0131smet etti\u011fi \u015feyle yetinir ve Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na hamd ve tazimde bulunmaz.<\/p>\n
Hu\u015fu sahibinin alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Gizli ve a\u00e7\u0131k her yerde Allah\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde oldu\u011funu bilir; iyi i\u015fler yapar; k\u0131yameti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve Allah\u2019la m\u00fcnacat eder.<\/p>\n
Salih kimsenin alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Kalbini ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r; amelini d\u00fczeltir; kazanc\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flerini \u0131slah eder (\u0130slam\u00ee \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re d\u00fczene sokar).<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hayr\u0131n\u0131 isteyen kimsenin alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Hakk \u00fczere h\u00fckmeder, kendi aleyhine bile olsa hakk\u0131 s\u00f6yler; kendisi i\u00e7in istedi\u011fi \u015feyi ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ister ve hi\u00e7bir kimseye haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmez.<\/p>\n
Yakin ehlinin alameti ise alt\u0131d\u0131r: Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakin edip O\u2019na iman getirir; \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hak oldu\u011funa yakin edip ona kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli olur; k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn hak oldu\u011funa yakin edip o g\u00fcnde rezil olmaktan korkar; cennetin hak oldu\u011funa yakin edip onu \u00f6zler; cehennemin hak oldu\u011funa yakin edip ondan kurtulmak i\u00e7in belirgin bir \u015fekilde \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterir ve hesab\u0131n hak oldu\u011funa yakin edip kendi nefsini hesaba \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n
\u0130hlas sahibinin alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Kalbi (\u015firk, k\u00fcf\u00fcr, kin vb. \u015feylerden) ve az\u00e2s\u0131 (g\u00fcnah yapmak, eziyet etmek vb. \u015feylerden) salim kal\u0131r; ba\u015fkalar\u0131na iyilik yapar ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmaktan \u00e7ekinir.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e2hidin alameti on \u015feydir: Haramlara (ra\u011fbet) g\u00f6stermez; nefsine hakim olur; Rabbinin farizelerini yerine getirir; k\u00f6le ise g\u00fczel itaat eder; efendi ise iyi y\u00f6netir; ne taassubu olur, ne de kini; kendisine k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapana iyilik yapar; zarar verene hay\u0131rla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verir; kendisine haks\u0131zl\u0131k yapan\u0131 affeder ve Allah\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131na boyun e\u011fer.<\/p>\n
\u0130yi insan\u0131n alameti de on \u015feydir: Allah i\u00e7in sever. Allah i\u00e7in bu\u011fzeder; Allah i\u00e7in biriyle arkada\u015f olur; Allah i\u00e7in arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozar; Allah i\u00e7in \u00f6fkelenir; Allah i\u00e7in ho\u015fnut olur; Allah i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, Allah\u2019\u0131 arzular; temiz, ihlasl\u0131, hay\u00e2l\u0131, korkulu olup amellerini g\u00f6zetleyen Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 hu\u015fu i\u00e7erisinde olur ve Allah yolunda ihsanda bulunur.<\/p>\n
Takval\u0131n\u0131n alameti ise alt\u0131 \u015feydir: Allah\u2019tan korkar. Allah\u2019\u0131n sorgusundan sak\u0131n\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrcesine ak\u015famlay\u0131p sabahlar; d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00f6nemsemez ve ahlak\u0131 g\u00fczel oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015feyini b\u00fcy\u00fck saymaz.[2]<\/p>\n
M\u00fctekellif olan\u0131n (zorla kendisini ehil g\u00f6stermek isteyen kimsenin) alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Faydas\u0131z \u015feylerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r; kendisinden \u00fcst\u00fcn olan kimseyle \u00e7eki\u015fir; ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feye el uzat\u0131r ve gayretini, kendisini kurtarmayacak \u015feylerde sarfeder.<\/p>\n
Zalimin alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Kendisinden \u00fcst seviyede olana itaat etmemekle zul\u00fcm yapar; kendisinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri zorla kendisine k\u00f6le yapar; hakka d\u00fc\u015fman olur ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zulmeder.<\/p>\n
Riyak\u00e2r\u0131n alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Yan\u0131nda birisi bulundu\u011funda, Allah yolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ilgi g\u00f6sterir; yaln\u0131z oldu\u011funda ise tembel olur; her i\u015finde \u00f6v\u00fclmesini \u00e7ok sever; ismini iyi tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcnaf\u0131\u011f\u0131n alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Bat\u0131n\u0131 bozuktur; dili kalbiyle, s\u00f6z\u00fc ameliyle ve i\u00e7i de d\u0131\u015f\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fir. Cehennem ate\u015finde yanacak m\u00fcnaf\u0131\u011f\u0131n vay haline.<\/p>\n
Haset\u00e7inin alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: G\u0131ybet, dalkavukluk ve (ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131) ba\u015flar\u0131na gelen musibetle yermek.[3]<\/p>\n
M\u00fcsrifin alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Bat\u0131l ile iftihar etmek; malik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi (veresiye) yemek, hay\u0131r i\u015fleri yapmaya ilgi duymamak ve kendisine yarar\u0131 dokunmayan kimseleri ele\u015ftirmek.<\/p>\n
Gafilin alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Kalp g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yan\u0131lg\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olmak, oyalanmak ve unutkanl\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Tembelin alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Kusur haddine dek gev\u015feklik eder; i\u015fleri zayi edecek derecede kusur g\u00f6sterir; tahamm\u00fcls\u00fcz oluncaya dek i\u015fleri zayi eder ve g\u00fcnaha s\u00fcr\u00fckleninceye dek tahamm\u00fcls\u00fcz olur.<\/p>\n
Yalanc\u0131n\u0131n alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: (Bir \u015fey) s\u00f6yledi\u011finde do\u011fru s\u00f6ylemez; (kendisine bir \u015fey) s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde (s\u00f6yleyeni) do\u011frulamaz; s\u00f6z gezdirir ve iftirada bulunur.<\/p>\n
Fas\u0131\u011f\u0131n alameti de d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr. (Haram) e\u011flenceye d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn olmak, bo\u015f \u015feylerle u\u011fra\u015fmak, d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k beslemek ve iftirada bulunmak.<\/p>\n
Hainin alameti d\u00f6rtt\u00fcr: Allah\u2019a isyanda bulunmak, kom\u015fulara eziyet etmek, dostlara kin beslemek ve azg\u0131nlara yakla\u015fmak.<\/p>\n
Sonra \u015eem\u2019un Peygamber-i Ekrem\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “Bana \u015fifa verdin; k\u00f6rl\u00fckten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p basirete kavu\u015fturdun. \u00d6yleyse, hidayet yollar\u0131n\u0131 bana \u00f6\u011fret.” Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih de bunun \u00fczerine \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: <\/p>\n
Ey \u015eem\u2019un, \u015f\u00fcphesiz cinlerden ve insanlardan dinini elinden \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in seni takip eden ve seninle sava\u015fan d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n vard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlardan olan d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n: Ahirette paylar\u0131 olmayan, Allah kat\u0131nda olana ilgi g\u00f6stermeyen, b\u00fct\u00fcn gayretlerini halk\u0131 (yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131) ay\u0131plamaya sarfedip, kendilerini hi\u00e7bir zaman yermeyen ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 amellerden \u00e7ekinmeyen kimselerdir. Seni salih g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde, haset edip “Riyak\u00e2r”d\u0131r derler, f\u00e2sid oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde ise, “Ondan hay\u0131r beklenmez” derler.<\/p>\n
Cinlerden olan d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n ise, \u015eeytan ve onun askerleridir. (Evlad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sabr\u0131n\u0131 elinden almak i\u00e7in) yan\u0131na gelip “O\u011flun \u00f6ld\u00fc” derse, cevab\u0131nda: “Diriler, \u00f6lmek i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r; v\u00fccudumun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan o\u011flum cennete gidiyor; bu da benim i\u00e7in sevindiricidir” de. Yan\u0131na gelip “Mal\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131” derse, ona \u015f\u00f6yle cevap ver: “Hamd Allah\u2019a ki (kendisi) verdi ve (kendisi de) ald\u0131 ve zek\u00e2t\u0131 benden kald\u0131rd\u0131; art\u0131k \u00fczerimde zek\u00e2t yoktur.” Yan\u0131na gelip “Halk, sana zul\u00fcm yap\u0131yor ama sen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermiyorsun” derse, de ki: “(K\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcnde) ancak insanlara zul\u00fcm edenler ve haks\u0131z yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde azg\u0131nl\u0131kta bulunanlar su\u00e7lu say\u0131l\u0131rlar.”[4] Ama “\u0130yi i\u015f yapanlara bir sorun yoktur.”[5] Yan\u0131na gelip seni, bencilli\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fcklemek amac\u0131yla “\u0130yi i\u015flerin ne kadar \u00e7oktur” derse, “K\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015flerim iyi i\u015flerimden daha \u00e7oktur.” diye cevap ver. Gelip “Ne kadar \u00e7ok namaz k\u0131l\u0131yorsun” derse, “Gafletim namaz\u0131mdan daha \u00e7oktur” diye cevap ver. “Halka ne kadar ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunuyorsun!” derse, de ki: “Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m, verdi\u011fimden daha \u00e7oktur.” “Sana zul\u00fcm yapan ne kadar \u00e7oktur” derse, “Zul\u00fcm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m kimseler daha \u00e7oktur” de. Gelip “Ne kadar iyi amelde bulunuyorsun” derse, “\u00c7ok g\u00fcnah i\u015flemi\u015fim” diye cevap ver. Yan\u0131na gelip “\u015earap i\u00e7” derse, “Ben g\u00fcnah i\u015flemem” de. Yan\u0131na gelip “D\u00fcnyay\u0131 sevmiyor musun? derse, “Hay\u0131r sevmiyorum, ona aldanan (ben de\u011filim) ba\u015fkas\u0131d\u0131r” diye cevap ver.<\/p>\n
Ey \u015eem\u2019un, iyilere kat\u0131l; Yakup, Yusuf ve Davud gibi peygamberlere tabi ol. Allah-u Teb\u00e2reke ve Te\u00e2la, en a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tabakay\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu tabaka \u00f6v\u00fcnerek k\u00fckredi ve “Kim bana galip gelebilir?” dedi. Allah-u Te\u00e2la yeri yarat\u0131p a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tabakan\u0131n \u00fczerine yay\u0131nca, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tabaka ram oldu. Sonra da yer \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcp “Kim bana galip gelebilir” dedi\u011finde Allah-u Te\u00e2la, \u00fczerinde olanlar\u0131 sarsmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in da\u011flar\u0131 yarat\u0131p \u00e7ivi gibi yere \u00e7akt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine, yer yat\u0131\u015f\u0131p sakinle\u015fti. Daha sonra da\u011flar yere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcp ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 dikerek, gururlu bir \u015fekilde “Kim bizlere galip gelebilir?” dedi\u011finde Allah demiri yaratt\u0131. Demir, da\u011flar\u0131 par\u00e7alay\u0131nca, onlar da ram olup yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Sonra demir da\u011flara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcp “Kim bana g\u00e2lip gelebilir?” dedi\u011finde, Allah ate\u015fi yaratt\u0131. Ate\u015f demiri eritince, demir de r\u00e2m olup sakinle\u015fti. Sonra ate\u015f galeyana gelip \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc ve “Kim bana galip gelebilir?” dedi. Allah suyu yaratt\u0131; su onu s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcnce ate\u015f de r\u00e2m oldu. Sonra su \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc ve co\u015fup ta\u015farak “Kim bana g\u00e2lip gelebilir?” dedi\u011finde Allah r\u00fczgar\u0131 yaratt\u0131, r\u00fczgar suyun dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irerek derinli\u011finde bulunanlar\u0131 alt\u00fcst edip akmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi. Bunun \u00fczerine su da r\u00e2m oldu.<\/p>\n
Sonra r\u00fczgar \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcp k\u0131vranmaya ba\u015flay\u0131p f\u0131rt\u0131na \u015feklinde eserek “Kim bana g\u00e2lip gelebilir?” dedi. Allah ne r\u00fczgar\u0131n ne de ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin s\u0131zamayaca\u011f\u0131 binalar ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in insan\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda r\u00fczgar da ram olup sakinle\u015fti. Sonra insan da az\u0131p “Kim benden daha kuvvetlidir?” demeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Allah \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yaratt\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm ona g\u00e2lip gelince, insan da r\u00e2m oldu. Sonra \u00f6l\u00fcm de kendi kendine \u00f6v\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Allah-u Te\u00e2la \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: “Kendine \u00f6v\u00fcnme, seni cennet ve cehennem ehlinin aras\u0131nda kesip bir daha da diriltmeyece\u011fim.” Bunun \u00fczerine \u00f6l\u00fcm de korktu (\u00f6v\u00fcnme\u011fi b\u0131rakt\u0131). Sonra Resulullah salla’llahu aleyhi ve alih \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: “Hilim gazaba, merhamet \u00f6fkeye, sadaka da g\u00fcnaha galip gelir.”<\/p>\n
[1]- Allah\u2019\u0131n emir ve buyruklar\u0131na itaat etme\u011fi ve b\u00f6ylece yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n hedefi olan Allah\u2019a ibadet etme\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ak\u0131l hem yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve hem de \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonraki hayat\u0131n ereksel nedeni say\u0131l\u0131r. Sevap ve ceza da ak\u0131lla orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc akl\u0131 olmayan\u0131n, sorumlulu\u011fu yoktur ve akl\u0131 olan da, akl\u0131 oran\u0131nda sorumludur.<\/p>\n
[2]- \u0130barenin zahiri b\u00f6yledir; fakat alametlerin biri eksik oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 belki de “lihusni hulkihi” yerine “yehsunu hulkuhu” ibaresi do\u011frudur. O zaman anlam\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olur: Takval\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 \u015fudur: Ve g\u00fczel ahlakl\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
[3]- Galiba d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc alamet ravilerin kaleminden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
[4]- \u015eur\u00e2\/42.<\/p>\n
[5]- T\u00f6vbe\/91.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hz. \u0130sa aleyhi\u2019s-selam\u2019\u0131n havarilerinden olan Yahuda\u2019n\u0131n torunlar\u0131ndan, \u015eem\u2019un ibn-i Lav\u00ee ismiyle me\u015fhur bir rahibin, Resulullah\u2019a y\u00f6neltti\u011fi bir \u00e7ok sorular\u0131n\u0131 ve Peygmaber-i Ekrem\u2019in, ona verdi\u011fi cevaplar\u0131 ve onun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla i\u00e7eren uzun bir hadisten kitab\u0131n \u00fcslubuna uyan baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini zikrediyoruz: \u015eem\u2019un, Resulullah\u2019a, “Bana ak\u0131l hakk\u0131nda bilgi ver. Ak\u0131l nedir? Nas\u0131ld\u0131r? Ak\u0131ldan ayr\u0131lan kollar nelerdir? …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11438,11434,11437,11436,11435,11433],"class_list":["post-5985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-akillara-hediye","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-2","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-akillara-hediye","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-bolumleri","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-indir","tag-tuhef-ul-ukul-oku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}