Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han ile Timur Han’\u0131n, Ankara’da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015f (1402).
\n Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han; Ni\u011fbolu zaferiyle Rumeli’de Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetini tesis ettikten sonra, Anadolu’da birli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Bu niyetle Ayd\u0131n, Mente\u015fe, Karaman ve \u0130sfendiyaro\u011fullar\u0131 beyliklerine son verdi. Ancak bu beyliklerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki beyler, Asya’da kuvvetli bir devlet kurup, bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelen Timur Han’a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Timur Han’\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verdi\u011fi Karakoyunlu beyi Kara Yusuf ile Tebriz h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ahmed Bey de Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Erzincan beyi Mutahharten de akrabalar\u0131n\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’a g\u00f6ndererek yard\u0131m istemi\u015fti. Timur Han’a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Anadolu beyleri, Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda; Timur Han’\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an beyler de Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’a Timur’la ilgili olmad\u0131k \u015feyler s\u00f6yleyip k\u00f6t\u00fcleyerek, her iki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131lar, iki taraf da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa ettiler. Timur Han, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’a mektup g\u00f6ndererek kendisine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131n iadesini istedi. Bu mektuplarda her iki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n birbirlerine hakaret dolu s\u00f6zlere yer verdikleri, ilim adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rmemektedir. Bug\u00fcn, bilinen hakaret dolu mektuplar\u0131n sahte oldu\u011fu ispatlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han, Timur Han’\u0131n iste\u011fini kabul etmeyince sava\u015f ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu.<\/p>\n
Timur Han, kuvvetli bir ordu ile, Anadolu i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7ti. Bunu haber alan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han da, \u0130stanbul ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak, kuvvetlerini Bursa’da toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bursa’dan hareket eden Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, iki koldan y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Ankara \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi. Bu s\u0131rada Timur Han, Sivas’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Onun, Sivas’ta oldu\u011funu haber alan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Ankara’da b\u0131rakarak Akda\u011fmadeni ve Kad\u0131\u015fehri da\u011fl\u0131k m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda mevzi almak istedi. \u0130ki ordunun \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvetleri Sivas ve Tokat b\u00f6lgelerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar ise de, Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131, Sivas ile Tokat aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7itleri tuttu\u011fundan, burada muharebe yapmay\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in tehlikeli g\u00f6ren Timur Han, Kayseri’ye do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Timur Han, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’\u0131 kendisine do\u011fru \u00e7ekmek istediyse de duruma v\u00e2k\u0131f olan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han, bu oyuna gelmedi ve yapaca\u011f\u0131 taarruzun zaman\u0131n\u0131 bekledi<\/p>\n
Timur Han, K\u0131r\u015fehir \u00fczerinden h\u0131zla Ankara \u00f6nlerine gelerek kaleyi ku\u015fatt\u0131. Kale muhaf\u0131z\u0131 Yakub Bey, kaleyi \u015fiddetle m\u00fcdafaa etti. Timur Han, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun gelece\u011fini tahmin etti\u011fi yolu iyice tahkim etti. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu ise onun hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011fi taraftan ve tahmininden \u00e7ok erken, Ankara \u00f6nlerine geldi.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun merkezinde Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han bulunuyordu. Yan\u0131nda sadrazam \u00c7andarl\u0131 Ali Pa\u015fa, \u015fehzade \u0130sa, Mustafa ve Musa \u00c7elebiler yer al\u0131yordu. Sa\u011f cenahta bulunan Anadolu birliklerine vezir Timurta\u015f Pa\u015fa, sol cenahta yer alan Rumeli birliklerine \u015eehzade S\u00fcleyman \u015eah kumanda ediyordu; ihtiyat kuvvetlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda da \u015eehzade Mehmed \u00c7elebi bulunuyordu. Sol cenah\u0131n ihtiyat kuvvetlerini, S\u0131rbistan despotu ve Sultan’\u0131n kay\u0131n biraderi Stefan Lazarevi\u00e7’in kumandas\u0131nda yirmi bine yak\u0131n z\u0131rhl\u0131 S\u0131rp askeri meydana getiriyordu. Merkez ihtiyat\u0131nda Karakoyunlular, sa\u011f cenah\u0131n ihtiyat\u0131nda Kara Tatarlar denilen T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f Mo\u011follar yer al\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n kumandas\u0131nda ak\u0131nc\u0131 kuvvetleri de vard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 askerinin say\u0131s\u0131 yetmi\u015f binden fazla idi.<\/p>\n
Timur Han, ordusunun merkezinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Torunu Muhammed Mirza, z\u0131rhl\u0131 ve atl\u0131 olan M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir askeri ile ihtiyatta idi. Di\u011fer torunlar\u0131 Pir Muhammed ve \u0130skender Mirza, Muhammed Mirza’n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Sa\u011f cenaha \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc o\u011flu Miran\u015fah, sol cenaha ise d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc o\u011flu \u015eahruh Mirza kumanda ediyordu. Z\u0131rhl\u0131 otuz iki fil, ordunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde dizilmi\u015fti. \u0130kiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan merkez kuvvetlerinin sa\u011f taraf\u0131na Timur Han’\u0131n ikinci o\u011flu \u00d6mer \u015eeyh Mirza, sol taraf\u0131na ise Em\u00eer Cel\u00e2l \u0130sl\u00e2m kumanda ediyordu. Akkoyunlu sultan\u0131 Osman Bey ile Em\u00eer Cihan \u015eah’\u0131n t\u00fcmenleri, sa\u011f cenah\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mutahharten Bey, Karamano\u011flu, Ayd\u0131no\u011flu, Mente\u015feo\u011flu, Germiyano\u011flu, Saruhano\u011flu ve Candaro\u011flu, sa\u011f cenahta yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fatay sultan\u0131 Mahmud Han, Timur’un yan\u0131nda idi.<\/p>\n
Muharebe g\u00fcn\u00fc sabah namaz\u0131ndan sonra Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han, askerlerine veciz bir hitabede bulundu. Fakat kar\u015f\u0131 taraf da S\u00fcnn\u00ee M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, askerin, H\u0131ristiyan ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steremeyece\u011fi ortada idi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki ordu, Ankara’n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusundaki \u00c7ubuk ovas\u0131nda, 28 Temmuz 1402 tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Burada, o devrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kumandanlar\u0131ndan ikisi aras\u0131nda tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flar\u0131ndan biri oldu. Fil g\u00f6rmemi\u015f Osmanl\u0131 atlar\u0131 \u00fcrkt\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131 ordusundaki Kara Tatarlar\u0131n, aniden Timur taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7ip, Rumeli sipahilerinin arkas\u0131ndan ok atmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n taarruz g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Osmanl\u0131 ordusundaki Karaman, Candar, Germiyan, Ayd\u0131n, Mente\u015fe ve Saruhanl\u0131 sipahileri kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta bayrak a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan beylerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, Timur Han’\u0131n taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7tiler. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’\u0131n yan\u0131nda az bir asker kald\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geri \u00e7ekildi. Kara Timurta\u015f ve Firuz pa\u015falar, birlikleri tamamen bozuluncaya kadar dayand\u0131lar. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han, g\u00fcn batarken \u00fc\u00e7 bin ki\u015fi ile \u00c7ataltepe’de muharebeye devam ediyordu. Burada s\u00fcren \u00fc\u00e7 saatlik vuru\u015fmadan sonra, ma\u011fl\u00fbbiyeti anlay\u0131nca etraf\u0131ndaki askerleri yararak kurtulmak istedi. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’\u0131n at\u0131 yaralan\u0131nca, o\u011flu ile beraber, \u00c7a\u011fatay han\u0131 Sultan Mahmud Han’\u0131n kumanda etti\u011fi birlik taraf\u0131ndan esir al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Timur Han, kendisini iyi kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 ve tesellide bulundu. Bir Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131na yara\u015f\u0131r \u015fekilde, izzet ve ikramda bulundu. Timur’un, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han’a iyi davranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 uydurmad\u0131r. Ancak, esaret zilletini \u00e7ekemeyen Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han, kederinden ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u0131rk d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti. Timur Han, \u00f6l\u00fcm haberini al\u0131nca; “Yaz\u0131k oldu, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fccahid kaybettik” demekten kendini alamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131, Orta \u00c7a\u011f’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan muharebesidir. \u0130ki y\u00fcz binden fazla T\u00fcrk askeri, birbiri ile sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu topraklar\u0131nda iki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devlet aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan muharebelerindendir. Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli neticeleri aras\u0131nda; Anadolu T\u00fcrk birli\u011finin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, Bizans ve \u0130stanbul fethinin elli y\u0131l daha uzamas\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin geli\u015fmesinin en az\u0131ndan yarim as\u0131rdan daha fazla gecikmesi say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Timur Han, Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131rk bine yak\u0131n zayiat vermi\u015ftir. Halbuki o, bu muharebeye kadar alt\u0131 binden fazla kay\u0131p vermemi\u015fti. Buna, Osmanl\u0131 ordusundaki sevk ve idarenin m\u00fckemmeliyeti sebep olmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han ile sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Timur Han’\u0131 haks\u0131z olarak k\u00f6t\u00fclemekte, harp sahas\u0131nda olanlar\u0131, zul\u00fcm ve ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kana boyamak \u015feklinde bildirmektedir. Halbuki bunun iki devlet aras\u0131nda bir h\u00e2kimiyet sava\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131, bu sava\u015f, tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han ile Timur Han’\u0131n, Ankara’da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015f (1402). Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid Han; Ni\u011fbolu zaferiyle Rumeli’de Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetini tesis ettikten sonra, Anadolu’da birli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Bu niyetle Ayd\u0131n, Mente\u015fe, Karaman ve \u0130sfendiyaro\u011fullar\u0131 beyliklerine son verdi. Ancak bu beyliklerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki beyler, Asya’da kuvvetli bir devlet kurup, bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelen Timur Han’a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1477,1491,1866,1865,1823,1628],"class_list":["post-600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-anadolu","tag-ankara-savasi","tag-candarli-ali-pasa","tag-nigbolu","tag-timur-han","tag-yildirim-bayezid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=600"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/600\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}