Akkoyunlular (Akkoyunlu Devleti)<\/p>\n
Akkoyunlu oyma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya geli\u015f tarihi hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir bilgiyi, Akkoyunlu hanedan\u0131n\u0131n tarihi olan, Eb\u00fb Bekr-i Tihr\u00e2n\u00ee’nin Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye’sinde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Devletin kurucusu Karay\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Bey’i, Bay\u0131nd\u0131r Han vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, 52. g\u00f6bekte O\u011fuz Han’a ba\u011flayan yazar, oyma\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce XIII. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Anadolu’da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Mo\u011fol istil\u00e2s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyduklar\u0131n\u0131, giderek Diyarbekir hav\u00e2lisine h\u00e2kim olup, bu arada Trabzon Rum Devleti’ne ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 da seferlere giri\u015ftiklerini kaydeder.<\/p>\n
Konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er bir T\u00fcrkmen toplulu\u011fu olan Akkoyunlular’\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n, besledikleri s\u00fcr\u00fclerden verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 muhtemeldir. \u00c7e\u015fitli Fars\u00e7a ve Arap\u00e7a kaynaklar, Akkoyunlular’\u0131n men\u015fe’lerinden bilgi vermeksizin, Sel\u00e7uklu ve Artuklu beylerinden olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmelerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yukarda zikredilen Akkoyunlu tarihi olan Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriye’de, Akkoyunlular\u0131n, O\u011fuz Han neslinden geldikleri belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, O\u011fuzlar’\u0131n Bay\u0131nd\u0131r boyunun bir oyma\u011f\u0131 olan Akkoyunlular’\u0131n, Peygamber efendimiz devrinde (VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l) K\u0131p\u00e7ak \u00fclkesine, oradan da \u00c2rran Ovas\u0131’na geldiklerini, Sel\u00e7uklular d\u00f6neminde bu devletin hizmetine girdiklerini ve Diyarbak\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinin kendilerine ikta olarak verildi\u011fini kaydetmektedir.<\/p>\n
O\u011fuzlar’\u0131n Bay\u0131nd\u0131r boyundan inen Akkoyunlular’\u0131n tarihi, 1300 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren bilinmektedir. Akkoyunlular’dan, bilinen ilk tarihi sim\u00e2, Tur-Ali Bey’dir. Karakoyunlu devletini y\u0131karak (1469), onun yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir T\u00fcrkmen devleti haline gelen Akkoyunlular’\u0131n, bu tarihe kadar ba\u015flar\u0131nda bulunan reisleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1) Tur-Ali Bey (?-1360): Babas\u0131 Akkoyunlu Beylerinden Pehlivan Bey’dir. Kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenler’le Diyarbak\u0131r’da yurt tuttu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u0130lhanl\u0131 Gazan Han (1248-1291)’a gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta intisap etti\u011fi ve onun maiyetinde Suriye seferine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
2) Fahreddin Kutlu Bey (1360-1389): Babas\u0131 Tur-Ali Bey’den sonra, Akkoyunlular’\u0131n reisli\u011fine gelmi\u015ftir. Devri olduk\u00e7a hareketli ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Sivas hakimi Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin, Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fbk Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve amans\u0131z rakipleri Karakoyunlular’la m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. 1389 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6len Fahreddin Kutlu Bey’in mezar\u0131, Bayburt’un Sinor k\u00f6y\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
3) Ahmed Bey (1389-1397): Fahreddin Kutlu Bey’in o\u011fludur. Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, Akkoyunlular’\u0131n reisli\u011fine getirilmi\u015ftir. Uzun s\u00fcre, Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin’in y\u00fcksek hakimiyetini kabul etmek zorunda kalan Ahmed Bey, 1397 y\u0131l\u0131nda onun taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
4) Fahr\u00fcddin\/Baha\u00fcddin Kara-Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Bey (1397-1435): Akkoyunlular’\u0131n, Do\u011fu Anadolu’da hakimiyetini per\u00e7inleyen reisleridir. Fahreddin Kutlu Bey’in o\u011fullar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Rakipleri ve a\u011fabeyi Ahmed Bey’i \u00f6ld\u00fcrten Kad\u0131 Burhaneddin’i ma\u011fl\u00fbp ve katletmi\u015f, daha sonra Karakoyunlu Kara-Yusuf’la, T\u00fcrkmenler \u00fczerindeki hakimiyet ve Do\u011fu-G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’yu elde etmek i\u00e7in, amans\u0131z bir m\u00fccadeleye girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5) Cel\u00e2l\u00fcddin Ali Bey (1435-1438): Kara-Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Bey’in veliaht tayin etti\u011fi o\u011flu olup, babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine Akkoyunlu reisli\u011fine getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6) Nur\u00fcddin Hamza Bey (1438-1444): Kara-Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Bey’in di\u011fer o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n
7) Cihangir Bey (15\/10\/1444-1453): Cel\u00e2l\u00fcddin Ali Bey’in o\u011fludur. Hakim oldu\u011fu Urfa’dan hareketle, Akkoyunlu beyli\u011fini tekrar toplamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nusret\u00fcddin Eb\u00fb-Nasr Uzun Hasan Bey (1435-6\/1\/1478): Akkoyunlular’\u0131 bir devlet haline y\u00fckselten, Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan Bey olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Karakoyunlular’\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r\u0131 Cih\u00e2n-\u015f\u00e2h’\u0131 (1467), T\u00fcrkistan h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r\u0131 Ebu Said’i (1469) ortadan kald\u0131rarak b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130ran’a, Irak’a, Kafkasya’ya ve Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya sahip oldu.<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 Anadolu’ya do\u011fru olan hedefi, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmed (1451-1481) kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Otlukbeli (11 A\u011fustos 1473) yenilgisi ile neticesiz kald\u0131. Bu yenilgiye ra\u011fmen ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran Uzun Hasan, Orta ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu’dan tamamen elini \u00e7ekmekle beraber, Tebriz taht merkezi olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer Akkoyunlu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 elinden b\u0131rakmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
1478 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat eden Uzun Hasan, b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasf\u0131 yan\u0131nda, memlekette uzun s\u00fcreden beri ihmal edilmi\u015f olan im\u00e2r faaliyetlerine h\u0131z verdi. Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’yu harap eden a\u015firet kavgalar\u0131na, mera, otlak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na son verebilmek i\u00e7in, bir\u00e7ok kanunlar d\u00fczenledi. Bu kanunlar, uzun s\u00fcre, b\u00f6lgede “Hasan Padi\u015fah Kanunlar\u0131” olarak an\u0131lagelmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131lar dahi, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesini ele ge\u00e7irdikleri zaman, bu kanunlarda \u00e7ok az de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaparak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9) Sultan Halil (6\/1\/1478-24\/12\/1490):Uzun Hasan Bey o\u011flu.<\/p>\n
10) Sultan Y\u00e2kub (15\/7\/1478-24\/12\/1490): Uzun Hasan Bey’in di\u011fer o\u011flu olup, son dirayetli Akkoyunlu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra devlet, ink\u0131r\u00e2za y\u00fcz tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Sultan Yakub’dan sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla Sultan Baysungur (24\/12\/1490-1492 May\u0131s), Sultan R\u00fcstem (May\u0131s 1492-1496 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131), Sultan D\u00e2m\u00e2d\/Ahmed G\u00f6de\/(1496 ba\u015f\u0131-1498), Sultan Mehmed (1498-1500), Sultan Elvend (1500-1504), Sultan Murad (1504-1508) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Akkoyunlu devletine di\u011fer bir T\u00fcrk te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc olan Safev\u00ee hanedan\u0131 son vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Akkoyunlular (Akkoyunlu Devleti) Akkoyunlu oyma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya geli\u015f tarihi hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir bilgiyi, Akkoyunlu hanedan\u0131n\u0131n tarihi olan, Eb\u00fb Bekr-i Tihr\u00e2n\u00ee’nin Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye’sinde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Devletin kurucusu Karay\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Bey’i, Bay\u0131nd\u0131r Han vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, 52. g\u00f6bekte O\u011fuz Han’a ba\u011flayan yazar, oyma\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce XIII. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Anadolu’da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Mo\u011fol istil\u00e2s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyduklar\u0131n\u0131, giderek Diyarbekir hav\u00e2lisine h\u00e2kim olup, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1871,1870,1477,1508,1538],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-akkoyunlu-devleti","tag-akkoyunlular","tag-anadolu","tag-oguzlar","tag-osman-bey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}