\u0130lk defa 1887\u2019de Hertz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f olan fotoelektrik olay\u0131n daha sonra yap\u0131lan hassas deneylerle de saptanan \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n
* Metal y\u00fczeyler \u0131\u015f\u0131k ile ayd\u0131nlat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman elektron yayabilirler fakat pozitif iyonlar yayamazlar.
\n * Metal y\u00fczeylerin bu \u015fekilde elektron yay\u0131p yayamayacaklar\u0131 g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n frekans\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Metalden metale de\u011fi\u015fen bir frekans e\u015fi\u011fi vard\u0131r ve ancak frekans\u0131 bu e\u015fik de\u011ferden b\u00fcy\u00fck olan \u0131\u015f\u0131k bir fotoelektrik ak\u0131m olu\u015fturur.
\n * Fotoak\u0131m olu\u015ftuktan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra kararl\u0131 de\u011ferine ula\u015farak b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddeti ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artar.
\n * Fotoelektronlar\u0131n kinetik enerjisi \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n frekans\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artar. <\/p>\n
Fotoelektrik olay\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 klasik elektromagnetik teori ile anla\u015f\u0131labilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc metallerin elektron i\u00e7erdikleri o zamanlar bilinmekte idi ve bunlar \u0131\u015f\u0131k so\u011furumu ile ivmelendirilerek metalden kopar\u0131labilirler. I\u015f\u0131k bir elektromagnetik dalgad\u0131r ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n elektrik alan\u0131 elektrona e.E\/m ivmesini kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Fakat yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen \u015fiddet ve frekans ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 klasik teori \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kal\u0131narak a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddeti \u03b52 nin zaman ortalamas\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eiddetin artmas\u0131 \u03b52 nin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile elektronlar\u0131n ivmesinin artmas\u0131 demektir. Bu ise s\u00f6k\u00fclen fotoelektronlar\u0131n kinetik enerjisini art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bunun frekans ile ili\u015fkisi yoktur. Bu klasik sonu\u00e7lar ise g\u00f6zlemlerle \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
Olay\u0131n do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, Planck varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h.\u03c5 enerjili fotonlardan (enerji kuantumlar\u0131ndan) olu\u015fur \u015feklinde ele alan A.Einstein taraf\u0131ndan 1905\u2019te yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir fotonun so\u011furulmas\u0131, bir elektronun enerjisini h.\u03c5 kadar artt\u0131r\u0131r. Bunun W kadarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 elektronu metalden ay\u0131rmaya harcanmal\u0131d\u0131r. W \u2019ya metalin i\u015f fonksiyonu denir ve bu metalden metale de\u011fi\u015fir. h.\u03c5< font>h.\u03c5>W ise s\u00f6k\u00fcm olacak ve geriye kalan h.\u03c5-W enerjisi ise elektronun kinetik enerjisi halinde kendini g\u00f6sterecektir. Enerji korunumunun uygulanmas\u0131, 1\/2.m.v2=h.\u03c5-W \u015feklinde elektronun kinetik enerjisi ile \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u03c5 frekans\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgisel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok basit bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klar. Bu ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 \u03c50=W\/h \u015feklinde \u03c50 e\u015fik frekans\u0131 ile i\u015f fonksiyonu W aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da verir.<\/p>\n
Fotoelektronlar\u0131n kinetik enerjisinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u03c5 frekans\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fimi.
\n Do\u011frunun uzant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kinetik enerji eksenini kesti\u011fi nokta W i\u015f fonksiyonunu verir.
\n Do\u011frunun e\u011fimi de h sabitini verir.<\/p>\n
Fotoelektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddetine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da foton d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kullan\u0131larak basit\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddeti, daha fazla say\u0131da foton ve bu da daha fazla elektron yani daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fotoak\u0131m demektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lk defa 1887\u2019de Hertz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f olan fotoelektrik olay\u0131n daha sonra yap\u0131lan hassas deneylerle de saptanan \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131ralanabilir. * Metal y\u00fczeyler \u0131\u015f\u0131k ile ayd\u0131nlat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman elektron yayabilirler fakat pozitif iyonlar yayamazlar. * Metal y\u00fczeylerin bu \u015fekilde elektron yay\u0131p yayamayacaklar\u0131 g\u00f6nderilen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n frekans\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Metalden metale de\u011fi\u015fen bir frekans e\u015fi\u011fi vard\u0131r ve ancak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2722,2134,6857,11492,11491,3578,2161,3040],"class_list":["post-6050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-einstein","tag-elektron","tag-fotoelektrik-olayi","tag-fotoelektronlar","tag-hertz","tag-isik","tag-kinetik-enerji","tag-metal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6050\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}