Miletos kentinde \u0130\u00d6 625 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan Thales fizi\u011fin ve felsefenin kurucusu kabul edilir. Suyun maddenin ilk \u00f6\u011fesi ( arkhe ) oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 28 May\u0131s \u0130\u00d6 585’deki g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 28 May\u0131s \u0130\u00d6 585 tarihi fizi\u011fin kuruldu\u011fu tarih kabul edilir. 78 ya\u015f\u0131nda 58. Olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Miletos’ta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n Thales antik d\u00f6nemin 7 b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgesinden biri kabul edilir. Ayn\u0131 Ege b\u00f6lgesindeki \u0130on \u015fehirlerinin federasyon \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131. Di\u011fer \u0130on bilgeleri gibi yaz\u0131l\u0131 metin b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r piramitlerinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fini g\u00f6lge uzunluklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bulmas\u0131 geometride Thales teoremi olarak bilinir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geometri de \u00e7ap, \u00e7emberi iki par\u00e7aya b\u00f6ler; bir ikiz kenar \u00fc\u00e7genin taban a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 birbirine e\u015fittir; iki do\u011frunun kesi\u015fme noktalar\u0131ndaki ters a\u00e7\u0131lar birbirine e\u015fittir; k\u00f6\u015fesi \u00e7ember \u00fczerinde olan ve \u00e7ap\u0131 g\u00f6ren a\u00e7\u0131, dik a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r; taban\u0131 ve buna kom\u015fu iki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 verilen \u00fc\u00e7gen \u00e7izilebilir; teoremleri de Thales’e aittir.
\n Thales’in \u00f6nemi ilk kez evreni maddi temelli olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Suyu ilk \u00f6\u011fe saymas\u0131yla birlikte olgular\u0131 basitle\u015ftirerek maddeyi ba\u015fka bir maddeyle a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve olaylar\u0131n nedenini mitolojik a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda ve Tanr\u0131larda de\u011fil do\u011fan\u0131n kendisinde aramas\u0131 Thales’i fizi\u011fin kurucusu yapar.
\n Miletos kentinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131
\n Thales’in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yolda daha Anaksimandros ve Anaksimenes takip etmi\u015flerdir. Daha sonra onlar\u0131n da takip\u00e7ileri olan Herakleitos, Anaksagoras, Diogenes, Arkhelaos, Demokritos ve Hippon gibi filozoflar \u0130onya okulu olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu filozoflar\u0131n ortak noktalar\u0131 evrenin k\u00f6keni maddi temeller g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Demokritos evrenin olu\u015fumunu ve de\u011fi\u015fimini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in atom fikrini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\n Perikles’in krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Anaksagoras Atina’ya giderek bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat tutucu olan Atina halk\u0131ndan tepki g\u00f6r\u00fcnce Atina’ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Atina’da onun \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Sokrates bask\u0131lar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden zehir i\u00e7erek \u00f6l\u00fcme mahkum edildi. Sokrates’in takip\u00e7ileri olan Platon ve Aristoteles Pers sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve Sisam adas\u0131ndaki Pisagor’cular\u0131n etkisiyle \u0130dealizm olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan felsefe ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kurdular. Bu do\u011fa felsefesinden kopu\u015ftu. Bu d\u00f6nemde do\u011fa felsefesi Akdeniz i\u00e7ndeki Miletos kolonilerinde devam etti.
\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in Pers istilas\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirmesinden sonra do\u011fa felsefesinin en \u00f6nemli merkezi M\u0131s\u0131r’daki \u0130skenderiye \u015fehri oldu. \u0130skender’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n egemenli\u011fini elinde tutan Ptolemaios hanedan\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130skenderiye k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi bir m\u00fcze ve bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumuydu. K\u00fct\u00fcphanenin katalo\u011fu 120 ciltten olu\u015fuyordu. Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fen fizik\u00e7ilerden Heron ilk buhar makinesini yapmas\u0131yla, Eratosthenes de ilk defa d\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u00e7evresini \u00f6l\u00e7mesiyle ( bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferden % 0,1 hatayla bulmu\u015ftur ) \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n \u0130skenderiye k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin \u0130\u00d6 47’de Romal\u0131lar \u0130S 391’de de H\u0131ristiyanlarca yak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Thales’in ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nem sona ermi\u015f ve karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar diye adland\u0131r\u0131lacak idealist felsefeye ba\u011fl\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme girilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Miletos kentinde \u0130\u00d6 625 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan Thales fizi\u011fin ve felsefenin kurucusu kabul edilir. Suyun maddenin ilk \u00f6\u011fesi ( arkhe ) oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 28 May\u0131s \u0130\u00d6 585’deki g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 28 May\u0131s \u0130\u00d6 585 tarihi fizi\u011fin kuruldu\u011fu tarih kabul edilir. 78 ya\u015f\u0131nda 58. Olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Miletos’ta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Thales antik d\u00f6nemin 7 b\u00fcy\u00fck …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11508,11507],"class_list":["post-6064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-fizigin-kurucusu","tag-thales-kimdir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6064"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6064\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}