D\u00fcnyan\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 nedir?
\n D\u00fcnya k\u00fcre \u015feklinde bir m\u0131knat\u0131s gibidir. Bu y\u00fczden etraf\u0131nda bir manyetik alan vard\u0131r. D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n merkezine konmu\u015f \u00e7ubuk bir m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n (dipol) olu\u015fturdu\u011fu manyetik alana benzer. Bu dipol\u00fcn ekseni, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6nme ekseniyle 11 derecelik bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapar. Bu da co\u011frafik kuzey ve g\u00fcney kutuplar\u0131n\u0131n, manyetik kuzey ve g\u00fcney kutuplar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 yerlerde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 vekt\u00f6rel bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckt\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde herhangi bir yerdeki manyetik alan bu vekt\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u015fiddetiyle tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Genellikle bu vekt\u00f6r\u00fcn bile\u015fenleri olan manyetik deklinasyon, D, yatay bile\u015fen, H ve d\u00fc\u015fey bile\u015fen, Z, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 bile\u015fenden manyetik alan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fenleri hesaplanabilir.
\nManyetik alan bile\u015fenleri nelerdir?
\n Manyetik alan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in y\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u015fiddeti bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6n\u00fc tan\u0131mlayan parametreler manyetik deklinasyon, D ve inklinasyon, I’d\u0131r. D ve I derece cinsinden hesaplan\u0131r. Toplam alan\u0131n (F) \u015fiddetini ise yatay H, d\u00fc\u015fey, Z, kuzey X, do\u011fu Y bile\u015fenleri tan\u0131mlar. Bu bile\u015fenler Gauss cinsinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. (1 Gauss = 1 Oersted) ama g\u00fcncel birim nanoteslad\u0131r. (1 nT x 10E5 = 1 Gauss) Yerin manyetik alan\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 25000 – 65000 nT aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Manyetik deklinasyon manyetik kuzeyle co\u011frafik kuzey aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. D deklinasyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 co\u011frafik kuzeyin do\u011fusunda ise pozitif, bat\u0131s\u0131nda ise negatif al\u0131n\u0131r. Manyetik inklinasyon ise yatay d\u00fczlemle toplam alan aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.
\nManyetik kutuplar nerededirler?
\n Manyetik kutuplar inklinasyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 90 derece oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerdir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen manyetik kutuplarla, hesaplanan kutuplar iki ayr\u0131 kavramd\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen manyetik kutuplar arazide (surveying) inklinasyonun dik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alanlard\u0131r, Hesaplanan manyetik kutuplar ise bir manyetik alan modelden inklinasyonun dik hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdir. Manyetik kutbu tam olarak belirlemek bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan zor bir i\u015ftir. I a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 90 derece oldu\u011fu yer sabit de\u011fildir, \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsar, g\u00fcnl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler ve manyetik f\u0131rt\u0131nalar nedeniyle y\u00fczlerce kilometre yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndanda ula\u015fmas\u0131 zor yerlerdedirler. Canadian Geological Survey ve U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan tespitlere g\u00f6re (~1990) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen manyetik kutup noktalar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak;
\n ** 78.5o N ve 103.4o W, Ellef Ringnes adas\u0131, Kanada,
\n ** 65o S ve 139o E , Commonwealth K\u00f6rfezi, Antartika’d\u0131r.
\n IGRF 1995 (International Geomagnetic Reference Field)’ten 1996 ortalar\u0131nda hesaplanan manyetik kutuplar ise;
\n ** 79 K ve 105.1 B derece,
\n ** 64.7 G ve 138.6 D derecedir.
\n Manyetik alan D\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlere mi sahiptir?
\n Evet, manyetik alan de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerde farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlere sahiptirve b\u00f6lgesel de\u011fi\u015fimlerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Bu nedenle bir b\u00f6lgenin manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in, belli aral\u0131klarda s\u00fcrekli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapmak gerekir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 200 kadar jeomanyetik rasathane taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Manyetik alan\u0131n baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez \u00f6zellikleride vard\u0131r. Kutuplarda e\u011fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (inklinasyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, I) diktir, ve yatay bile\u015fen 0’d\u0131r. Kutup \u00fczerinde D a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 tan\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemez.
\n Pusulan\u0131n i\u011fnesi manyetik kutbu mu g\u00f6sterir?*
\n Hay\u0131r, pusulan\u0131n m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131 bulundu\u011fu yere g\u00f6re manyetik alan\u0131n yatay bile\u015fenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir (yani tek bir noktay\u0131 g\u00f6stermez).
\n Manyetik ekvator ne demektir?
\n Manyetik ekvator e\u011fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (inklinasyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, I) 0 oldu\u011fu yerlerdir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde manyetik alan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fey bile\u015feninin bir de\u011feri yoktur. Manyetik ekvator sabit de\u011fildir, \u00e7ok yava\u015f da olsa hareket halindenir.
\n Manyetik alan modelleri nelerdir ve bu modellere neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyar\u0131z?
\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden, gelecekte nas\u0131l bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyiz. Ancak d\u00fczenli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler sayesinde seneler i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini tespit edebiliriz. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler sayesinde manyetik alan\u0131 ve nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini matematiksel olarak resmedebiliriz. Manyetik alan bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden belirlemek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r ve bu y\u00fczden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin s\u00fcrekli ve hassas bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131p* modellenmesi zorunludur. (Manyetik alan modeli \u00f6rne\u011fi: 1990 Deklinasyon Haritas\u0131)
\n Manyetik alan hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgileri nerden bulabilirim?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 nedir? D\u00fcnya k\u00fcre \u015feklinde bir m\u0131knat\u0131s gibidir. Bu y\u00fczden etraf\u0131nda bir manyetik alan vard\u0131r. D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n merkezine konmu\u015f \u00e7ubuk bir m\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131n (dipol) olu\u015fturdu\u011fu manyetik alana benzer. Bu dipol\u00fcn ekseni, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6nme ekseniyle 11 derecelik bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapar. Bu da co\u011frafik kuzey ve g\u00fcney kutuplar\u0131n\u0131n, manyetik kuzey ve g\u00fcney kutuplar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11526,11525,11527,7186],"class_list":["post-6078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-dunyanin-manyetik-alani-nedir","tag-jeomanyetik-alan","tag-manyetik-ekvator-ne-demektir","tag-miknatis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6078\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}