Boyle Kanunu:
\n \u0130ngiliz bilgini R. Boyle sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bir gaz\u0131n hacimini, de\u011fi\u015fik bas\u0131n\u00e7larda \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131ta bir gaz\u0131n hacmi ile bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 sabittir.<\/p>\n
P*V=K
\n P1*V1=P2*V2=\u2026\u2026..=K
\n Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar:
\n Bir gaz\u0131n hacmi, 20 C de ve 1 atm. Bs\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda 10 lt. olsun ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve 2 atm. bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc yap\u0131lsayd\u0131 bu gaz\u0131n hacmi ne olurdu?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:
\n Madem ki bas\u0131n\u00e7 iki kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, boyle kanununa g\u00f6re hacim de yar\u0131ya inmelidir.
\n P1*V1=P2*V2 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re
\n P1= 1atm. P2= 2 atm.
\n V1= 10 litre V2= ?
\n V2=V1 P1\/P2= 10 lt. 1atm\/2atm=5litre<\/p>\n
Gay \u2013 Lussac ve Charles Kanunlar\u0131
\n Boyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 denemelerde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutup bas\u0131n\u00e7la hacim aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmeleri incelemi\u015fti. \u015eimdi de sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz zaman hacimde nas\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olur, onu inceleyelim. Bu denemeyi ilk defa Frans\u0131z bilgini Charles yapm\u0131\u015f ve sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7ta, bir gaz\u0131n hacminin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 0 C tan 1 C a y\u00fckselmesiyle , 0 C taki hacminin 1\/273 \u00fc kadar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gaz\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r derecedeki hacmini Vt ve t derecedeki hacmini Vi ile g\u00f6sterirsek
\n Vt=V0 + V0 1\/273 t <\/p>\n
Kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131larda ise ve genle\u015fme katsay\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir ve maddenin cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cahrles kanununu \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlayabiliriz :<\/p>\n
Sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7ta bir gaz\u0131n hacmi mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131kla dopru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r veya matematik olarak ;
\n V= KT
\n (Burada V hacmi ,T mutlak de\u011feri, K da bir sabiti g\u00f6stermektedir.)<\/p>\n
V1\/V2=T1\/T2
\n Bu ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 ilk defa yine bir Frans\u0131z bilgini olan Gay-Lussac taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur ve Gay-Lussac kanunu olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:
\n Bir gaz 27 C de ve bir atm. 600 ml. Gelmektedir.bu gaz\u0131n 0 C de ve 1 atm. de hacmi ne olur. ?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/p>\n
Gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6re , hacmi de mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131kta orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak azalacakt\u0131r. \u00d6nce s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k cinsinden yazal\u0131m. <\/p>\n
T1= 27+273=300 K
\n T2= 0+273 =273 K
\n V1\/V2=T1\/T2 => 600\/V2=300\/273 buradan
\n V2=546 bulunur;<\/p>\n
Beklendi\u011fi gibi, genel gaz denkleminde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutarsak Boyle, bas\u0131nc\u0131 sabit tutarsak Charles , hacmi sabit tutarsak Gay-Lusssac kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 elde ederiz.
\n Boyle kanunu gazlar\u0131n hacimlerinin bas\u0131n\u00e7la b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini belirtmektedir. Kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131larda ise hacmin bas\u0131n\u00e7la de\u011fi\u015fmesi \u00f6nemsemeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n Charles kanunu, b\u00fct\u00fcn gazlar\u0131n genle\u015fme katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile ilgilidir. Kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131larda ise s\u0131v\u0131larda ise genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 hem \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hemde her madde i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir.
\n Gay Lussac kanunu hacmi sabit tutulan bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.gazlar\u0131n genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n artma katsay\u0131s\u0131 birbirinin ayn\u0131 ve 0 C deki hacim ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferinin 1\/273 d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Gazlara ait bir \u00f6nemli g\u00f6zlemde birbiri i\u00e7ine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla yay\u0131labilmeleridir. <\/p>\n
Gazlar\u0131n bu \u00f6zellikleri nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir?<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmeleri \u00f6zelli\u011fi bizi, gaz molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fun molek\u00fcllerin kendi hacimlerinden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir.kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lar bas\u0131n\u00e7la \u00e7ok az s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labildi\u011fine g\u00f6re molek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Dikkat edecek olursak bu varsay\u0131mla molek\u00fcllerin kendilerinin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f oluyoruz.
\n Gazlar ayr\u0131ca s\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131lar\u0131n aksine konulduklar\u0131 kaplar\u0131n her tarf\u0131na yay\u0131l\u0131rlar. Gaz molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklar oldu\u011funa ve her tarafa do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re bo\u015flukta as\u0131l\u0131 olarak ns\u0131l kalabilirler. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gaz molek\u00fcllerinin devaml\u0131 olarak hareket halinde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmekle giderebiliriz.
\n Gazlar\u0131n kineitk teorisi gazlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f b\u00f6yle bir modeldir. Bu teoremlerin \u00f6nemli varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gaz molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar okadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ki molek\u00fcllerin kendi hacimleri, bu bo\u015fluklar yan\u0131nda \u00f6nemsenmeyebilir.
\n Gaz molek\u00fclleri birbirine etki etmeyen, aralar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir \u00e7ekme kuvveti olmayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z par\u00e7ac\u0131klard\u0131r.
\n Molek\u00fcller her y\u00f6nde \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 do\u011frusal hareket yaparlar.
\n Hareket halindeki molek\u00fcller birbirlerine ve i\u00e7inde bulundaki kab\u0131n \u00e7eperlerine \u00e7arparlar. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar tam esnek \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r.
\n Gaz molek\u00fcllerinin belirli bir andaki h\u0131zlar\u0131 birbirinin ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir ve bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fik anlardaki h\u0131zlar\u0131da birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n H\u0131zlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak molek\u00fcllerin kinetik enerjileri de farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Molek\u00fcllerin ortalam kinetik enerjileri mutlak enrjileri mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131kla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kinetik teoriye uyan gazlara ideal gaz denir. Ger\u00e7ekte hi\u00e7bir gaz tam anlam\u0131yla ideal de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Gaz Bas\u0131nc\u0131 :<\/p>\n
Bas\u0131n\u00e7 birim y\u00fczeye etki edenkuvvet eden kuvvet oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bir gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131, molek\u00fcllerin bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n \u00e7eperlerine \u00e7arpmalar\u0131ndan ileri gelir. Gaz\u0131n mole\u00fcllerinin her y\u00f6ndeki ortalama h\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 da kab\u0131n her noktas\u0131nda ayn\u0131 olcacakt\u0131r.
\n Boyle Kanunu:<\/p>\n
Bir gaz\u0131n hacmini, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden yar\u0131ya indirelim. B\u00f6ylece gaz molek\u00fcllerinin say\u0131s\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmaz ancak birim hacimdeki gaz molek\u00fcllerinin say\u0131s\u0131 iki misli olur. Bu nedenle molek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn \u00e7eperdeki herhangi bir noktaya ikinci gitmesi gereken yol yar\u0131ya iner. S\u0131cakl\u0131k ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan molk\u00fcllerin ortalam h\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u00e7epere yap\u0131lan \u00e7arpma say\u0131s\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bas\u0131n\u00e7 iki misli artar.<\/p>\n
Charles ve Gay-Lussac Kanunlar\u0131 :<\/p>\n
Kinetik teoriye g\u00f6re molek\u00fcllerin kinetik enerjisi mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131kla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda molek\u00fcllerin h\u0131z\u0131 artar. H\u0131z\u0131n artmas\u0131yla, molek\u00fcllerin h\u0131z\u0131 artmas\u0131yla , molek\u00fcllerin \u00e7epere \u00e7arpma say\u0131s\u0131 ve her \u00e7arpman\u0131n itme g\u00fcc\u00fc artaca\u011f\u0131ndan gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 artar. E\u011fer d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7 sabit ise i\u00e7 bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131 nedeniyle hacim artar. <\/p>\n
Van Der Waals Denklemi : <\/p>\n
Genel gaz denklemi hacim, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kuran ve bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle ilgili kanunlar\u0131 \u00f6zetleyen bir denklem oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re yaln\u0131z ideal gazlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
PV = nRT oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re 1 mol gaz i\u00e7in <\/p>\n
PV\/RT= 1 olur.<\/p>\n
Gay-Lussac Hacim Oranlar\u0131 Kanunu<\/p>\n
Gay-Lussac 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda, birbiriyle gaz halinde reaksiyona girerek yine gaz halinde bile\u015fikler veren reaksiyonlar\u0131 ve buradaki hacim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini incelemi\u015ftir.bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalr sonunda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki;
\n Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kve bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u015fartlar\u0131nda bir kimyasal reaksiyona giren ve reaksiyonda meydana gelen gazlar\u0131n hacimleri aras\u0131nda basit bir oran vard\u0131r. Buna Gay-Lussac hacim oranlarr\u0131 kanunu denir.<\/p>\n
Avogadro Hipotezi<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta b\u00fct\u00fcn gazlar\u0131n e\u015fit hacimlerinde e\u015fit say\u0131da molek\u00fcl vard\u0131r.
\n E\u015fit s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u015fartlar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn gazlar\u0131n e\u015fit hacimlerinde ayn\u0131 say\u0131da molek\u00fcl bulunaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve hacim hacim de\u011ferleri belirtildi\u011finde molek\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da belirli olmas\u0131 gerekir.standart \u015fartlarda (0 C ve 760 mm Hg bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda) herhangi bir gaz\u0131n 1 mol\u00fcn\u00fcn hacmi 22,4 litre
\n Gelir ve 1 mol gazda 6,02 x 10 (\u00fczeri)23 molek\u00fcl bulunur. Bu say\u0131yada avogadro say\u0131s\u0131 denir. <\/p>\n
Gazlar\u0131n dif\u00fczyonu : Graham Kanunu <\/p>\n
Gazlar birbiriyle her oranda kar\u0131\u015fabilirler. Odan\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesine serpilen kolonyan\u0131n kokusunu di\u011fer k\u00f6\u015fesinde duyabiliriz. Bu ancak kolanya buharlar\u0131n\u0131n havan\u0131n i\u00e7inde ilerliye bilmesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu olaya gazlar\u0131n difuzyonu denir.<\/p>\n
Graham kanununun kinetik teoriye g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 :<\/p>\n
Birbirine kar\u0131\u015fan gazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ortalama kinetik enerjileri birbirine e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Boyle Kanunu: \u0130ngiliz bilgini R. Boyle sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bir gaz\u0131n hacimini, de\u011fi\u015fik bas\u0131n\u00e7larda \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131ta bir gaz\u0131n hacmi ile bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 sabittir. P*V=K P1*V1=P2*V2=\u2026\u2026..=K Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar: Bir gaz\u0131n hacmi, 20 C de ve 1 atm. Bs\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda 10 lt. olsun ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve 2 atm. bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc yap\u0131lsayd\u0131 bu gaz\u0131n hacmi ne olurdu? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11592,11594,11593,11585,11591,11595],"class_list":["post-6181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-boyle-kanunu","tag-cahrles-kanunu","tag-gay-lussac-ve-charles-kanunlari","tag-gaz-molekulleri","tag-gaz-yasalari","tag-van-der-waals-denklemi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6181"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6181\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}