\u00c7\u00f6zelti Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir.
\n \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER\u0130 SINIFLANDIRMA
\n A- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnene G\u00f6re S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma
\n 1- Kat\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir. ( Tuzlu su, \u015fekerli su, bazl\u0131 su…..)
\n 2- S\u0131v\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r.
\n ( Kolonya, alkol+su…)
\n 3- Kat\u0131-Kat\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde homojen da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn ala\u015f\u0131mlar kat\u0131-kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltileridir. ( Lehim, \u00e7elik, tun\u00e7, prin\u00e7…..)
\n 4- Gaz-Gaz \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri En az iki gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 homojendir ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir. ( Hava, t\u00fcp gaz)
\n 5- Gaz-S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir gaz\u0131n bir s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. ( Kola, gazoz…)
\n B- Deri\u015fime G\u00f6re S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma
\n 1- Seyreltik \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011finden az miktarda maddeyi \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015fse doymam\u0131\u015f ya da seyreltik \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.
\n 2- Doymu\u015f \u00c7\u00f6zelti \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fi kadar maddeyi \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015fse doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.
\n 3- A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Doymu\u015f \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011finden fazla maddeyi \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015fse a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.
\n \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\n Kat\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerinde,
\n 1- \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama noktas\u0131 saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n 2- \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin donma noktas\u0131 saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n 3- \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n 4- \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin \u00f6z k\u00fctlesi saf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6z k\u00fctlesinden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n 5- Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye su eklenirse deri\u015fimi d\u00fc\u015fer, buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 artar, donma noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselir. \u0130letkenli\u011fi azal\u0131r.
\n DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M VE DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130
\n Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin birim hacmine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin gram cinsinden miktar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin k\u00fctlesi
\n Deri\u015fim = ——————-
\n \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin hacmi<\/p>\n
K\u00fctlece % Deri\u015fim Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 100 gram\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin gram cinsinden miktar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin k\u00fctlesi
\n Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim = ——————–x100
\n \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesi<\/p>\n
KARI\u015eIMLARIN % DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u0130
\n \u0130ki veya daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6zelti birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdaki toplam \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde miktar\u0131, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddelerin k\u00fctleleri toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir. Bu durumda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131ya g\u00f6re hesap yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M1Y1 + M2Y2 +…………….= MkYk<\/p>\n
* \u00c7\u00f6zeltiye saf su eklenirse deri\u015fim 0\/100 (% 0 l\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6zelti), saf madde eklenirse deri\u015fim 100\/100 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MOLAR DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M (MOLAR\u0130TE)
\n Bir litre \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin mol say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Molaritenin birimi mol \/litre yada molar ( M) d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin mol say\u0131s\u0131
\n MOLAR\u0130TE= ————————
\n \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin hacmi(litre)<\/p>\n
\u0130ki veya daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6zelti birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa,<\/p>\n
M1V1 + M2V2+…………..=MkVk<\/p>\n
*\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin \u00f6z k\u00fctlesi verilirse, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin k\u00fctlesi=%.d.V ye e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n
Normalite Bir litre \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan maddenin e\u015fde\u011fer gram say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Pratik olarak ;<\/p>\n
Normalite = molarite x etki de\u011feri<\/p>\n
Etki de\u011feri Asitlerde suya verilen H+ say\u0131s\u0131, bazlarda OH- say\u0131s\u0131, tuzlarda ise + yada – y\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek H2SO4 i\u00e7in etki de\u011feri 2 dir. HNO3 i\u00e7in 1, H3PO4 i\u00e7in 3 d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
NaOH i\u00e7in 1, Ca(OH)2 i\u00e7in 2, Al(OH)3 i\u00e7in 3 d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
CuSO4 i\u00e7in etki de\u011feri 2 dir. (SO4-2) ve Al2(SO4)3 de ise 6 d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130YONLARIN MOLAR DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u0130<\/p>\n
AlCl3 –> Al+3 + 3Cl-
\n 1 M 1M 3M<\/p>\n
CaCl2 –> Ca+2 + 2Cl-
\n 2 M 2 M 4 M<\/p>\n
Al2SO4 –> 2Al+3 + 3 SO4-2
\n 2 M 4 M 6 M Elektrik \u0130letkenli\u011fi \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 elektri\u011fi iletti\u011fi halde bir k\u0131sm\u0131 iletmez. Elektri\u011fi ileten \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere elektrolit denir. Biri maddenin elektri\u011fi iletmesi i\u00e7in;
\n 1- Serbest halde elektronu bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. (elektron ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla) \u00d6rne\u011fin metaller ve ala\u015f\u0131mlar bu \u015fekilde iletir.
\n 2- Yap\u0131s\u0131nda + ve – y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonlar ( \u0130yonik kat\u0131lar) bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. ( B\u00fct\u00fcn metal- ametal bile\u015fikleri)
\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckBelli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn belli miktar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde miktar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc miktar\u0131 genelde 100 ml ya da 100 gram, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak da su al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gazlar i\u00e7in ay\u0131rt edici bir \u00f6zelliktir.
\n \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n
1- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin cinsi<\/p>\n
Her madde her maddede \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. Organik bile\u015fikler organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde inorganik bile\u015fikler inorganik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Polar bile\u015fikler polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde apolar bile\u015fikler apolar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler. \u00d6rne\u011fin naftalin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez fakat benzende \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u201cBenzer benzeri \u00e7\u00f6zer\u201d.<\/p>\n
2- S\u0131cakl\u0131k
\n Kat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genelde \u0131s\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131 (endotermik) oldu\u011fu halde gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekzotermiktir. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3- Bas\u0131n\u00e7
\n Bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimi kat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkilemedi\u011fi halde gazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak etkiler.
\n \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcNME HIZINA ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n
1- S\u0131cakl\u0131k
\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fen maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla artar.
\n 2- Tanecik B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin tanecikleri ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. ( \u00d6rne\u011fin tala\u015f ile kalas\u0131n yanmas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda tala\u015f\u0131n yanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleriz)
\n 3- Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma
\n \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kat\u0131y\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneciklere ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00f6zc\u00fcyle temas eden y\u00fczeyi art\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131zlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7\u00f6zelti Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER\u0130 SINIFLANDIRMA A- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnene G\u00f6re S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma 1- Kat\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir. ( Tuzlu su, \u015fekerli su, bazl\u0131 su…..) 2- S\u0131v\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. ( Kolonya, alkol+su…) 3- Kat\u0131-Kat\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltileri Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde homojen …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2192,2158,11609,2189,11610,4545,2191,11608,2190,3678],"class_list":["post-6201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-asiri-doymus-cozeltiler","tag-basinc","tag-buhar-basinci","tag-cozeltiler","tag-cozucu","tag-cozunen","tag-doymus-cozelti","tag-homojen-karisimlar","tag-seyreltik-cozeltiler","tag-sicaklik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6201"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}