Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 (Ramazano\u011flu) Beyli\u011fi<\/p>\n
Adana b\u00f6lgesinde, 1352 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1608 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi.
\nO\u011fuzlar’\u0131n Y\u00fcre\u011fir boyuna mensup olan Ramazan Beyin kurdu\u011fu beylik; 1383 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Elbistan\u2019\u0131, oran\u0131n Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131’na ge\u00e7mesi ile de Adana\u2019y\u0131 merkez yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, 1352\u2019den 1608\u2019e kadar 256 y\u0131l devam etmekle beraber, son 92 y\u0131l\u0131 tam bir Osmanl\u0131 t\u00e2biiyeti h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7mi\u015f, hanedan\u0131n \u00fcyeleri, Osmanl\u0131 sancakbeyi olarak vazife yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n mensup olduklar\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7 Oklu T\u00fcrkmenleri, Mo\u011fol istil\u00e2s\u0131 sebebiyle, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019ya kalabal\u0131k say\u0131da gelen T\u00fcrkmen k\u00fctleleri aras\u0131nda bulunuyorlard\u0131. Bu T\u00fcrkmenler, daim\u00ee bir \u015fekilde, Mo\u011follarla m\u00fccadele h\u00e2linde idiler. Onlara itaat etmediklerinden dolay\u0131, Anadolu\u2019da da kesin bir isk\u00e2n sahas\u0131 bulamad\u0131lar. Bundan dolay\u0131 Suriye\u2019ye inen bu T\u00fcrkmenleri, Meml\u00fbk Sult\u00e2n\u0131 Baybars, Antakya\u2019dan Gazze\u2019ye kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirdi ve kendilerine dirlikler verdi. B\u00f6ylece bu T\u00fcrkmenler, Meml\u00fbk Devleti’nin en m\u00fchim yard\u0131mc\u0131 asker\u00ee kuvvetini te\u015fkil ettiler. Bu sayededir ki, Sultan Baybars, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar ve Mo\u011follar ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda parlak zaferler kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Kilikya\u2019daki Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na da a\u011f\u0131r darbeler indirdi. <\/p>\n
Neticede, Anadolu\u2019da Mo\u011fol n\u00fcfuzunun yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan ve bilhassa Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed Bahad\u0131r Han\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00dc\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmenleri, Kilikya \u00fczerine ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, elde edilen topraklara yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu s\u0131rada Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Ramazan Bey bulunmaktayd\u0131. 1344 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren, bat\u0131ya do\u011fru geli\u015fen fetih hareketi, Silifke\u2019ye kadar uzad\u0131 ve 1360 y\u0131l\u0131nda Meml\u00fbklular\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131 ile Adana ve Tarsus da ele ge\u00e7irildi. B\u00f6ylece Ermenilerin elinde, merkezleri Sis olmak \u00fczere birka\u00e7 kale kalm\u0131\u015f oluyordu. <\/p>\n
Ramazan Beyin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu \u0130brahim Bey, \u00c7ukurova\u2019da Meml\u00fbk h\u00e2kimiyetini k\u0131rmak ve istikl\u00e2lini ilan etmek \u00fczere Karamano\u011flu Al\u00e2eddin Beyle ittifak ederek, ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Meml\u00fbk ordusu, T\u00fcrkmenlerin arazisine girerek ya\u011fmalamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak, Belen Bo\u011faz\u0131nda meydana gelen \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmada \u0130brahim Bey idaresindeki T\u00fcrkmen ordusu, Meml\u00fbklar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Bizzat kumandan Tem\u00fcr Bay\u0131n da esir edildi\u011fi muharebede, Meml\u00fbklardan \u00e7ok az kimse kurtuldu. Bu durum \u00fczerine, Meml\u00fbklar\u0131n Halep valisi Y\u0131lbo\u011fa, T\u00fcrkmenler \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Misis Kalesini ele ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130brahim Bey, Sis\u2019e \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131 ise de, Sis valisi kendisini yakalay\u0131p Meml\u00fbklara teslim etti. Y\u0131lbo\u011fa, ba\u015fta \u0130brahim Bey olmak \u00fczere, karde\u015fi Kara Mehmed\u2019i, annesi ve di\u011fer esirleri derhal \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc. Em\u00eerlerinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duyan Y\u00fcre\u011firliler, Misis\u2019e d\u00f6nmekte olan Y\u0131lbo\u011fa\u2019ya, Saruca-\u015eam Ge\u00e7idinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlediler. Y\u0131lbo\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden yaralan\u0131p ortadan kaybolmas\u0131 ile pani\u011fe kap\u0131lan Meml\u00fbklar, ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durum T\u00fcrkmenlerin i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve elveri\u015fli b\u00f6lgelerde Meml\u00fbklara, \u00fcst \u00fcste bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlediler. Meml\u00fbklar, Halep\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, ancak birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u0130brahim Beyin yerine, karde\u015fi Ahmed Bey ge\u00e7ti. Ahmed Bey, yerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ncaya kadar Meml\u00fbklarla iyi ge\u00e7inmeye gayret etti. Daha sonra Meml\u00fbklu Sultan\u0131 Berkuk\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile bu \u00fclkede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar esnas\u0131nda, durumunu kuvvetlendirdi. Bu s\u0131rada Halep\u2019i ku\u015fatan me\u015fhur Arap kumandan\u0131 Nuayr\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Meml\u00fbklar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fan Ahmed Bey, Sultan Ferec\u2019in iltifat\u0131na kavu\u015ftu. K\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 da Sultan Ferec\u2019le evlendirerek, Meml\u00fbklarla akraba oldu. 1410 y\u0131l\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etti. B\u00f6ylece, daha rahat hareket edebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na kavu\u015fan Ahmed Bey, 1415 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yedi ay s\u00fcren bir ku\u015fatma sonucunda, Tarsus\u2019u Karamano\u011fullar\u0131’ndan ald\u0131. Ahmed Bey\u2019in 1416 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine yerine o\u011flu \u0130brahim Bey ge\u00e7ti. <\/p>\n
Ahmed Bey kaynaklarda cesur, heybetli, dirayetli bir emir olarak vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c2limlere h\u00fcrmetli, fakirleri koruyan, iyiliksever bir beydi. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, \u00dc\u00e7oklar\u0131n siyas\u00ee ehemmiyeti gittik\u00e7e azald\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u0130kinci \u0130brahim Bey, Karamano\u011flu Mehmed Bey’in damad\u0131 olmaktayd\u0131. 1415-1417 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tarsus ve Adana havalisinde tam bir h\u00e2kimiyet tesis etmi\u015fse de, Meml\u00fbklarla aras\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Tarsus\u2019u karde\u015fi Hamza Beye b\u0131rakmak zorunda kald\u0131. Ancak Hamza Bey, Meml\u00fbk kuvvetlerinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Adana\u2019y\u0131 da ele ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130brahim Bey, 1427 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kahire\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Hamza Beyin beyli\u011finin ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve nerede \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmemektedir. Ancak, onun da karde\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, Meml\u00fbklarca \u00f6ld\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin olunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
1427 y\u0131l\u0131nda beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na Mehmed Bey getirildi. Fakat bu tarihte, b\u00f6lgede tam bir Meml\u00fbk h\u00e2kimiyeti kurulmu\u015f olup, Sis, Adana ve Tarsus gibi \u00f6nemli merkezler Meml\u00fbk valilerince idare edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 beylerinden s\u0131ras\u0131yla Eyl\u00fbk Bey, D\u00fcndar Bey ve \u00d6mer Bey sembolik olarak beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu. <\/p>\n
\u00d6mer Beyden sonra beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na, 1480 senesinde Halep\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Davud Beyin o\u011flu G\u0131y\u00e2seddin Halil Bey ge\u00e7ti ve otuz sene gibi uzun bir zaman h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hatt\u00e2, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7ukurova b\u00f6lgesinde h\u00e2kimiyetlerini kabul ettikten sonra, bu devletle iyi ge\u00e7inmeyi, beyli\u011finin gelece\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha faydal\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131larla olan bu dostlu\u011fu, Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011finin, Meml\u00fbk Devletiyle ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 iyice zay\u0131flatt\u0131. Uzun s\u00fcren saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck dikkat sarfeden Halil Bey; \u00e2limlere h\u00fcrmet eden, c\u00f6mert, fakir-fukaray\u0131 koruyup g\u00f6zeten bir beydi. Tebaas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, hizmetleri sebebiyle kendisine, dine yard\u0131m eden man\u00e2s\u0131na gelen \u201cG\u0131y\u00e2sedd\u00een\u201d lakab\u0131 verildi. Ramazanl\u0131 \u00fclkesi en \u00e7ok bu bey zaman\u0131nda imar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, camiler, medreseler, saraylar, hanlar ve \u00e7e\u015fmelerle \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131 tezyin edilmi\u015fti. Halil Bey, mezar kitabesinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1511 senesinde vefat etmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Halil Beyin vefat\u0131ndan sonra, yerine karde\u015fi Mahmud Bey ge\u00e7ti. Mahmud Bey de, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne yakla\u015fmak ve Meml\u00fbklarla olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak suretiyle, a\u011fabeyi Halil Beyin siyasetini devam ettirdi. Ancak Meml\u00fbklar, Mahmud Beyi beylikten azlederek, yerine karde\u015finin o\u011flu Selim Beyi t\u00e2yin ettiler. Bu durum \u00fczerine Mahmud Bey, \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek Yavuz Sultan Selim Hana t\u00e2biiyetini arz etti. Mahmud Beye b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar g\u00f6steren Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, iki y\u00fcz bin ak\u00e7elik bir dirlik verdi. Ayr\u0131ca, seferde kendisine refakat etmek imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131 da bah\u015fetti. B\u00f6ylece Mahmud Bey, sultandan ba\u015fka kimseye t\u00e2bi olmayacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n
1516 senesinde Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, M\u0131s\u0131r Seferine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, Mahmud Bey de padi\u015fah\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunuyordu. Ordu Halep\u2019e geldi\u011fi zaman, Mahmud Beye ba\u011fl\u0131 Ramazanl\u0131 kuvvetleri, Osmanl\u0131 sult\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Rid\u00e2niye Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Meml\u00fbk Sultan\u0131 Tomanbay ve \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz se\u00e7me silah\u015forun, padi\u015fah\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ota\u011f-\u0131 h\u00fcm\u00e2y\u00fbna bask\u0131nda bulunduklar\u0131 s\u0131rada, Sadrazam Sinan Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Ramazano\u011flu Mahmud Bey de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Mahmud Beyin n\u00e2\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Halep\u2019e g\u00f6nderen Yavuz Sultan Selim Han, Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011finin ba\u015f\u0131na Halil Beyin o\u011flu Kubad Beyi tayin etti (1517). <\/p>\n
Ancak, bu tarihten itibaren Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 beyleri, bir Osmanl\u0131 sancakbeyi olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bundan sonra hanedandan, m\u00fchim Osmanl\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015fti. <\/p>\n
Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011finin te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kesin delillere dayal\u0131 bir bilgi yoktur. Ancak, Dulkad\u0131rl\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi O\u011fuz geleneklerine, yani t\u00f6re esas\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kendilerine ait olarak para bast\u0131rmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Halil Beyden \u00f6nceki Ramazan Beylerine ait cami, medrese ve hamam gibi eserlere rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halil Bey ve bilhassa Osmanl\u0131 sancakbeyi olan, hatt\u00e2 daha sonra pa\u015fal\u0131k r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckseltilerek Halep ve \u015eam beylerbeyliklerinde bulunan o\u011flu P\u00eer\u00ee Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Adana\u2019da cami, medrese, han ve hamam olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hay\u0131r eserleri mevcuttur. Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda \u00c7ukurova, hac yolunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi m\u00fchim bir b\u00f6lge h\u00e2line gelmi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle birlikte bu yolun \u00f6nemi daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumun, b\u00f6lgenin iktisad\u00ee hayat\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tesir etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 (Ramazano\u011flu) Beyli\u011fi Adana b\u00f6lgesinde, 1352 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1608 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir T\u00fcrk beyli\u011fi. O\u011fuzlar’\u0131n Y\u00fcre\u011fir boyuna mensup olan Ramazan Beyin kurdu\u011fu beylik; 1383 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Elbistan\u2019\u0131, oran\u0131n Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131’na ge\u00e7mesi ile de Adana\u2019y\u0131 merkez yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ramazano\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, 1352\u2019den 1608\u2019e kadar 256 y\u0131l devam etmekle beraber, son 92 y\u0131l\u0131 tam bir Osmanl\u0131 t\u00e2biiyeti h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7mi\u015f, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[1908,1508,1526,1907,1906],"class_list":["post-626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-memluk-devleti","tag-oguzlar","tag-osmanli","tag-ramazanoglu","tag-ramazanogullari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}