Ay karanl\u0131k iken k\u0131rda, denizde ya da ormanda gece ge\u00e7irmi\u015f bir kimse, ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne kadar karanl\u0131k oldu\u011funu bilir. Birka\u00e7 dakika \u00f6nce g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz cisimler \u015fafak s\u00f6kerken \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flar. Sonra ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar belirir, renkler g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr ve parlar, b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ba\u015flar. D\u00fcnyam\u0131za \u015fekil, ayr\u0131nt\u0131 ve renk veren \u015fey do\u011fu ufkunda y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flayan G\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, l\u00e2mbalar, hatt\u00e2 ate\u015f b\u00f6cekleri bile \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayarlar. Bunlara \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 cisimler denir. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6teki cisimler (\u00f6rne\u011fin a\u011fa\u00e7lar, \u00e7ay\u0131rlar, kitap sayfalar\u0131) \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bunlar ancak \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir cisimden \u0131\u015f\u0131k al\u0131p bunu g\u00f6zlerimize do\u011fru yans\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
Bir cismin \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 ya da \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z olu\u015fu, yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu madde kadar i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullara da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Fiziksel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek suretiyle, bildi\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 cismi \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z, ya da \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z olanlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirebiliriz. Bir ampul\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki ince tel (fitil) elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131yla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z kal\u0131r. So\u011fuk bir demir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p k\u00f6m\u00fcr ate\u015finde ya da havagaz\u0131 alevinde \u0131s\u0131tarak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, sar\u0131, hatt\u00e2 beyaz \u0131\u015f\u0131k verir hale getirebiliriz. Kat\u0131 cisimler ve eritilmi\u015f metal gibi s\u0131v\u0131lar 800 \u00b0C’nin \u00fcst\u00fcne kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 haline gelirler. Bu dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cisimlere akkor cisimler denir.<\/p>\n
Mum \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, alevde yanmakta olan karbon zerrelerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkatli bir g\u00f6zlemle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu zerreler s\u0131cakken \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7ar. Onun i\u00e7in alev, di\u011fer bir akkor \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Karbon zerrelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu alevde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yanmaz. Bu zerreler alevin \u00e7evresindeki hava ak\u0131mlar\u0131yla al\u0131n\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken so\u011fur, so\u011fuyunca \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z hale gelir ve b\u00f6ylece alevden y\u00fckselen duman ile isin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc meydana getirir.<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi akkor halde de\u011fildir. Neon t\u00fcpleri ve fluoresan lambalar da bildi\u011fimiz elektrik ampulleri gibi elektrik ge\u00e7irilince \u0131\u015f\u0131k verirler. Fakat bunlara elle dokunulacak olursa bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k veri\u015fin ba\u015fka oldu\u011fu hemen anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Elektrik ampul\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131sa zamanda dokunulamayacak kadar \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, neon t\u00fcpleri ve fluoresan lambalar olduk\u00e7a so\u011fuk kal\u0131r. Bu fark daha derinden incelenebilir: Elektrik ampul\u00fcn\u00fcn fitilinden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m\u0131n \u015fiddetini art\u0131rmak suretiyle \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabiliriz; parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n renginde de de\u011fi\u015fme olur. \u00d6nce soluk k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz, sonra bu \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n rengi parlak sar\u0131ya d\u00f6ner. Yeteri kadar ak\u0131mla bu da \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan demir par\u00e7as\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, akkor hale gelir. \u00d6te yandan, e\u011fer bir neon t\u00fcp\u00fcnden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m\u0131 \u015fiddetlendirirsek, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z; fakat renginde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6remeyiz. Demek ki akkor \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 ile \u00f6teki \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir temel fark vard\u0131r. Akkor halde \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7an kaynaklarda, kayna\u011f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmelerle \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve rengi bir birbirine yak\u0131ndan ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; oysaki, \u00f6teki kaynaklarda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n rengi maddenin cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00fcstelik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fmez.<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z y\u00fczeylerden g\u00f6zlerimize pek \u00e7ok \u0131\u015f\u0131k gelir. Duvarlar\u0131 ve i\u00e7indeki b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fyan\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131tmayan siyah bir boya ile boyanm\u0131\u015f bir odada oldu\u011fumuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. B\u00f6yle bir odadaki lambalar, siyah fon \u00fczerindeki beyaz parkt\u0131lar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Beyaz tavanlar ve parlak duvarlar ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu yans\u0131t\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece odan\u0131n ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Nitekim, dolayl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmada lambalar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerimizden saklar\u0131z; bize gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n hepsi duvarlara ve tavana \u00e7arparak yay\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra g\u00f6zlerimize ula\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu geceler, bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ay, ger\u00e7ekte g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dolayl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma arac\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Saydam ve Saydam Olm\u0131yan Maddeler<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015far\u0131da, iyi ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir manzaraya temiz bir pencere cam\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman, cam\u0131n arada oldu\u011funu zor farkedersiniz. Cam gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7iren bir maddeye saydam madde denir. Ak\u015fama do\u011fru karanl\u0131k basarken gene ayn\u0131 pencere cam\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya bak\u0131n\u0131z. D\u0131\u015fardaki manzaradan ba\u015fka, \u015fimdi camda kendinizin ve odadaki e\u015fyan\u0131n da bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri olu\u015fturan \u0131\u015f\u0131k, odan\u0131n i\u00e7inden geliyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k, cam\u0131 ge\u00e7ip d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kacak yerde, g\u00f6zlerinize geri geliyor, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle camdan yans\u0131yor. Saydam bir cismin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131 etkiler mi? Bir tek cam par\u00e7as\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen hemen tam olarak ge\u00e7irir. Fakat onbe\u015f yirmi par\u00e7a temiz cam \u00fcst\u00fcste konulsa, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 so\u011furulur; ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131k hem parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder hem de biraz renklenmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Pl\u00e2stik, cam, su gibi saydam maddelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmekle beraber bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve biraz da so\u011furduklar\u0131ndan kolayca anlar\u0131z. Saydam maddelerin \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi daha vard\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k bu maddelere girerken ve \u00e7\u0131karken yay\u0131lma do\u011frultusunu de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu olay olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ay karanl\u0131k iken k\u0131rda, denizde ya da ormanda gece ge\u00e7irmi\u015f bir kimse, ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne kadar karanl\u0131k oldu\u011funu bilir. Birka\u00e7 dakika \u00f6nce g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz cisimler \u015fafak s\u00f6kerken \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flar. Sonra ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar belirir, renkler g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr ve parlar, b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ba\u015flar. D\u00fcnyam\u0131za \u015fekil, ayr\u0131nt\u0131 ve renk veren \u015fey do\u011fu ufkunda y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flayan G\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, l\u00e2mbalar, hatt\u00e2 ate\u015f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11693,2730,7078,11694,2883],"class_list":["post-6338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-akkor","tag-gunes","tag-isik-kaynaklari","tag-saydam-ve-saydam-olmiyan-maddeler","tag-yildiz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6338\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}