Yer g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir manyetik alana ve bu alan\u0131n etkisi ile \u015fekillenen \u00f6nemli bir manyetosfere sahiptir.
\nYer’in manyetik alan\u0131 ekseni gezegenin d\u00f6nme eksenine 114o a\u00e7\u0131 yapan ve merkezine 460 km. uzaktan ge\u00e7en bir \u00e7ift kutuplu niteli\u011findedir. Bu alan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc gezegen y\u00fczeyinde (ekvatorda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde) 031 gauss de\u011ferine ula\u015f\u0131r ve Sat\u00fcrn Uran\u00fcs ve Nept\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011ferlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir. Zay\u0131f bir manyetik alana ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir manyetosfere sahip olan Merk\u00fcr bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131lacak olursa Yer’in manyetik alan ve manyetosferi yer benzeri gezegenler aras\u0131nda en dikkate de\u011fer \u00f6rne\u011fi olu\u015fturur. Yer manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 gezegen i\u00e7inde elektriksel a\u00e7\u0131dan iletken ayn\u0131 zamanda da hareketli yani ak\u0131\u015fkan bir ortam varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Yer k\u00fcrenin i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin modeller geli\u015ftirilirken bu nokta da dikkate al\u0131narak d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirde\u011fin s\u0131v\u0131 halde demir i\u00e7eren yap\u0131s\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gezegenin tarihi boyunca bir\u00e7ok kez manyetik kutuplar\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Bu olaylar\u0131n nedenleri ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte Yer \u00e7ekirde\u011finin d\u00f6nme h\u0131z\u0131 ile gezegenin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7indeki de\u011fi\u015fimleri ile ili\u015fkili olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Yer manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcnde yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir azalman\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve bu azalman\u0131n \u00f6zellikle son 150 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde h\u0131zlanarak devam etmesi yak\u0131n bir gelecekte yeni bir kutup de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yorumlanmaktad\u0131r.
\nYer manyetosferi tan\u0131m olarak gezegenin manyetik alan\u0131n etkisi ile G\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczgar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00f6kenli h\u0131zl\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu plazma ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sapt\u0131r\u0131larak engellendi\u011fi b\u00f6lgedir. Manyetosferin en d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda plazma ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n aniden yava\u015flayarak h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ses h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na indi\u011fi ve y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir \u015fok dalgas\u0131 g\u00f6zlenir. Gezegene yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a manyetik alan\u0131n etkisi giderek artar ve g\u00fcne\u015f k\u00f6kenli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n a\u015famayarak \u00e7evresinden dola\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 manyetopoz manyetosferin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirler. G\u00fcne\u015f etkinli\u011fine g\u00f6re gezegene uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen bu s\u0131n\u0131r G\u00fcne\u015f do\u011frultusunda Yer’in merkezinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 60.000 km. uzakl\u0131kta (Yer yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n 10 kat\u0131 kadar) bulunur. G\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczgar\u0131n\u0131n deforme etti\u011fi manyetik kuvvet \u00e7izgilerine uyumlu olarak bu s\u0131n\u0131r yanlara do\u011fru geni\u015fleyerek gezegenden uzakla\u015f\u0131r ve bir damla bi\u00e7imini alarak gezegenin arkas\u0131nda milyonlarca kilometre uzanan bir kuyruk olu\u015fturur.
\nYer manyetik alan\u0131na yakalanan elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 simit bi\u00e7iminde iki \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yer k\u00fcreyi \u00e7evreler. A.B.D. taraf\u0131ndan uzaya g\u00f6nderilen ilk uydu olan Explorer I yard\u0131m\u0131 ile 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen bu ku\u015faklar uyduyu tasarlayan James Van Allen onuruna Van Allen ku\u015faklar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u0131\u015fta yer alan ku\u015fak g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczgar\u0131 k\u00f6kenli hidrojen (H+=protonlar) helyum (He2+=alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131)ve oksijen (O+) iyonlar\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra serbest elektronlar i\u00e7erir. Yer y\u00fczeyinden 10.000-60.000 km. y\u00fckseklikte bulunan bu ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n en yo\u011fun kesimi 15.000-19.000 km. aras\u0131nda bulunur. \u0130\u00e7te yer alan ku\u015fak ise kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n iyonla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 atmosfer kaynakl\u0131 atomlar i\u00e7erir. 650-6500 km. y\u00fckseklikte yer alan bu ku\u015fak d\u0131\u015f ku\u015fa\u011fa oranla \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve bu y\u00fckseklikte bulunan uydular\u0131n etkinlikleri ve uzay adamlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.
\nY\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n Yer’in manyetik kutuplar\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan a\u00e7\u0131k manyetik \u00e7izgiler boyunca ilerleyerek atmosferin y\u00fcksek tabakalar\u0131yla etkile\u015fmeleri kutup \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yer g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir manyetik alana ve bu alan\u0131n etkisi ile \u015fekillenen \u00f6nemli bir manyetosfere sahiptir. Yer’in manyetik alan\u0131 ekseni gezegenin d\u00f6nme eksenine 114o a\u00e7\u0131 yapan ve merkezine 460 km. uzaktan ge\u00e7en bir \u00e7ift kutuplu niteli\u011findedir. Bu alan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc gezegen y\u00fczeyinde (ekvatorda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde) 031 gauss de\u011ferine ula\u015f\u0131r ve Sat\u00fcrn Uran\u00fcs ve Nept\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011ferlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2796,2887,2136,7046,11728],"class_list":["post-6370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-atmosfer","tag-ekvator","tag-hidrojen","tag-manyetik-alan","tag-manyetosfer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6370"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6370\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}