Hologram, e\u015fevreli lazer \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen resime verilen ad. Hologram elde etmek i\u00e7in uygulanan y\u00f6ntemse holografi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Holografi normal foto\u011fraf tekni\u011finden baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Her \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r: Dalga y\u00fcksekli\u011fiyle tan\u0131mlanan \u015fiddeti, dalgaboyu uzunlu\u011fuyla tan\u0131mlanan rengi ve do\u011frultusu. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc levha \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilen ve siyah beyaz foto\u011fraflarda, \u0131\u015f\u0131ktaki \u015fiddet de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedilirken, renkli foto\u011fraflarda dalgaboyu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de kaydedilir.
\nHologramdaysa, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddetiyle birlikte, \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frultusu da kaydedilerek bir cismi \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu g\u00f6rmemiz sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu, tek renk hologramlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olsa da renkli hologramlar i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n her \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi de kaydedilir.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 boyutlu bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc elde edebilmek i\u00e7in, kaynaktan yay\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek gerekiyor. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n hareket eden ve bu s\u0131rada \u00e7e\u015fitli tepe ve \u00e7ukur noktalar\u0131 olu\u015fturan dalgalar\u0131 bir an i\u00e7in dondurulup foto\u011fraflanabilirse, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tan cismin \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131yan
\ndalga \u00f6rne\u011fi yeniden olu\u015fturulabilir. Bu noktadan hareket edilerek, cisimden yans\u0131yan lazer dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n genlikleri ve fazlar\u0131 kaydedilip hologram elde edilebilir. <\/p>\n
Hologram \u0130lkesi : 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda D. Gabor taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. Uygulamaya ge\u00e7i\u015fi ancak 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayabildi. Hologram bir cisim taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan veya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan bir dalgan\u0131n, bu cisimle ilgisi olmayan ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma dalgas\u0131 denilen bir dalga ile \u00fcst \u00fcste gelmesinden do\u011fan giri\u015fimleri kaydeden bir foto\u011fraf pla\u011f\u0131ndan meydana gelir. Bu iki dalgan\u0131n giri\u015fim yapmas\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k noktas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar tek renkli olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu sebeple tek renkli ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddeti y\u00fcksek olan lazer, bu yeni teknikte h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerlemeler sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bir hologram elde etmek i\u00e7in, bir lazer demeti yar\u0131 saydam bir ayna ile ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr; aynadan yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar merceklerden ge\u00e7meden, bir foto\u011fraf kli\u015fesini ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r; aynan\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar ise foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekilecek nesnenin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fer. Nesne bu \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rar ve k\u0131r\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde foto\u011fraf kli\u015fesini ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. Gelen bu iki demetin fazlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir ve kli\u015fe \u00fczerinde, giri\u015fim sa\u00e7aklar\u0131ndan, \u00e7ok ince ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u011f meydana gelir. \u00c7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle incelendi\u011finde bu sa\u00e7aklar g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k mikroskopta giri\u015fim sa\u00e7aklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu sa\u00e7aklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 cismin \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Foto\u011fraf\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma dalgas\u0131 ile hologram\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatarak cisim tekrar meydana getirilebilir. O zaman cismin foto\u011fraf an\u0131ndaki konumunu tam olarak veren bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc g\u00f6zlemi yap\u0131labilir. Bunun i\u00e7in hologram yar\u0131 saydam bir aynaya \u00e7arpan bir lazer demetinin yans\u0131yan k\u0131sm\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131l\u0131r. Hologram\u0131n i\u00e7ine bak\u0131larak aynadan ge\u00e7en \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n giri\u015fimi sonucunda cismin kabart\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc elde edilebilir. Burada ger\u00e7ek bir kabart\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur; \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6zlemi yapan ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hafif\u00e7e oynatarak paralaks etkilerini meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r; yani cisim, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, bir fon \u00fczerinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftiriyormu\u015f gibidir.<\/p>\n
Hologramlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi cisimler, d\u00fczlem cisimler, yani bir foto\u011fraf em\u00fclsiyonu \u00fczerinde maddele\u015ftirilmi\u015f cisimler veya \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu cisimler olabilir. Hologram\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131z uygulamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlileri, bir yandan hologramlar\u0131n \u00fcst \u00fcste konulmas\u0131yla hareket halindeki cisimlerin veya baz\u0131 cisimlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerinin meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6te yandan hesap makineleri ile harflerin yeniden tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hologram, e\u015fevreli lazer \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen resime verilen ad. Hologram elde etmek i\u00e7in uygulanan y\u00f6ntemse holografi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Holografi normal foto\u011fraf tekni\u011finden baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Her \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r: Dalga y\u00fcksekli\u011fiyle tan\u0131mlanan \u015fiddeti, dalgaboyu uzunlu\u011fuyla tan\u0131mlanan rengi ve do\u011frultusu. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc levha \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilen ve siyah beyaz foto\u011fraflarda, \u0131\u015f\u0131ktaki \u015fiddet de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedilirken, renkli …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11729],"class_list":["post-6372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-hologram"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6372\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}