Ar\u0131 halde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fc beyaz renkli bir metal olan demir (Fe), d\u00fcnyada ki metaller i\u00e7inde en bol bulunanlar\u0131n ikincisi, elementler aras\u0131nda ise d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda metal demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, yery\u00fcz\u00fc kabu\u011funda demir, \u00f6teki maddelerle tepkimeye girmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ar\u0131 durumda \u00e7ok seyrek bulunur: Yaln\u0131zca baz\u0131 g\u00f6kta\u015flar\u0131nda ve bazaltl\u0131 kayalarda.
\nT\u00fcm bitkilerin, hayvanlar\u0131n ve insanlar\u0131n, ya\u015famak i\u00e7in demire ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlarda en b\u00fcy\u00fck demir y\u00fczdesi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerinde bulunur. Hemoglobinin temel b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden birini olu\u015fturur. Kasalarda ve dokularda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlar halinde bulunur.
\nDemirin kimyasal simgesi olan Fe, latince \u201cdemir\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen ferrum\u2019 dan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Demirin atom numaras\u0131 26, atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 55,85 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 7,86\u2019 d\u0131r.
\nDemir, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u011fnelerden dev yap\u0131lara kadar, binlerce i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ana maddesidir. K\u00fck\u00fcrt ve oksijen gibi metallerle kolayca birle\u015fir. Ba\u015fka herhangi bir metalden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda, ala\u015f\u0131mlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En yararl\u0131 ve ucuz metallerden biri olan \u00e7elik, demire k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir miktar karbon kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilir.
\nTopaz, turkuvaz ve lal ta\u015f\u0131 dahil, \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferli ta\u015flar\u0131n kapsam\u0131nda deri vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
DEM\u0130R F\u0130L\u0130ZLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
Demir, yer kabu\u011funda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda bulunan bir\u00e7ok y\u00fckseltgenmi\u015f minerallerden ergitilir. Bu mineraller aras\u0131nda hematit, magnetit, limonit ve karbonat sideriti sayabiliriz.
\nHematit (Fe 2 O 3 ), y\u00fczde 70 demir, y\u00fczde 30 oksijen kapsayan bir filizdir. Ad\u0131, kan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 renginden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yunanca \u201ckan\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Hematit, bazen e\u015fkenar paralel y\u00fczl\u00fc bi\u00e7iminde, bazen bir g\u00fcl yapraklar\u0131na benzeyen ince tabakalar halinde, bazen de boya maddesi olarak kullan\u0131lan ve toprakl\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bak\u0131r filizi diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir toz halinde bulunur.
\nMagnetit (Fe 3 O 4 ), ad\u0131n\u0131 magnetit \u00f6zelliklerinden alan ve y\u00fczde 72 demir kapsayan en zengin demir filizidir. E\u015fkenar paralel y\u00fczl\u00fc ve sekiz y\u00fczl\u00fc sistemlerde billurla\u015f\u0131r. Magnetit su ve \u00e7\u00f6zelti halindeki gazlar\u0131n kimyasal olarak a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaya u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olivin ve biyotit gibi kayalar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiminden de olu\u015fur.
\nLimonit filizi, d\u00fcnya demir \u00fcretiminde olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir y\u00fczde olu\u015fturur. Her bir limonit \u00f6rne\u011finde ki demir y\u00fczdesi, bulunan su molek\u00fclleri say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6teki demir filizlerinin de\u011fi\u015fimiyle olu\u015fan limonit \u00e7o\u011funlukla demirli su \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri yataklar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Demir bakterisi ad\u0131yla bilinen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck organizmalar\u0131n hareketi de b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda limonit yataklar\u0131 olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019 daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yataklar olan Alsace-Lorraine yataklar\u0131 b\u00f6yle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\nSiderit, FeCO 3 form\u00fcl\u00fcyle g\u00f6sterilen ve y\u00fczde 43 demir kapsayan bir demir II karbonatt\u0131r. Billurlar\u0131 e\u015fkenar paralel y\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Siderit de\u011fi\u015fimi u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece beyazd\u0131r; ama y\u00fckseltgenli\u011finde (oksitlendi\u011finde), rengi sar\u0131 ile ya da kahverengiyle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Siderit, \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde tortul kayalarda birle\u015fme ya da kayalar\u0131n kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fmeleri sonucu olu\u015fur.
\nMika, form\u00fcl\u00fc FeO(OH) olan bir demir hidroksittir. Limonit ile birlikte bulunur. \u0130\u011fne bi\u00e7iminde billurlar ya da tabakalar halinde rastlan\u0131r.
\nPrittien de (demir dis\u00fclf\u00fcr, FeS 2 b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda demir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Prit, kavurma denilen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le, k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit yapmak i\u00e7in bol hava ile yak\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit, daha sonra, demir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na elveri\u015fli olan s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit ve demir oksitler olu\u015fturmadan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
DEM\u0130R YATAKLARI <\/p>\n
A.B.D. en b\u00fcy\u00fck demir \u00fcreticisidir. Hemen her eyalette demir bulunur. Ancak, en \u00f6nemli yataklar Michigan, Minnessota ve Wisconsin\u2019 deki hematit filizleridir. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyindeki insan yap\u0131s\u0131 en geni\u015f delik, Minnessota\u2019 da Hibbing yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bir de demir madeni y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lorraine\u2019 deki b\u00fcy\u00fck limonit yataklar\u0131, Fransa i\u00e7in zengin ve ekonomik bir demir kayna\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Rusya\u2019 daki ba\u015fl\u0131ca yataklar Urallar\u2019 da Perm\u2019 de ve Ukrayna\u2019 da d\u0131r. Britanya\u2019 da demir filizi yataklar\u0131, Midlands ve Kuzey \u0130ngiltere k\u00f6m\u00fcr havzalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. \u0130sve\u00e7, Almanya, \u0130spanya, L\u00fcksemburg, Kanada ve Hindistan\u2019 da geni\u015f yataklar vard\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019 da da geni\u015f demir yataklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBir\u00e7ok demir filizi yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, bir y\u00fckselme ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr: Bir\u00e7o\u011fu, y\u00fczy\u0131llarca i\u015fletildikten sonra b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6tekiler,y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ilgi \u00e7ekmedikten sonra g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00e7\u0131karma teknikleri, y\u00fcksek nitelikli metalin yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ok ar\u0131 haldeki filizlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayacak d\u00fczeydeydi
\nBug\u00fcn metal i\u015fleme tekniklerindeki geli\u015fme nedeniyle bir yata\u011f\u0131n kazan\u00e7 getirici say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k tavanl\u0131 madencili\u011fe elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\nDEM\u0130R B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130KLER\u0130
\nDemirin ba\u015fl\u0131ca bile\u015fiklerindeki y\u00fckseltgenme say\u0131lar\u0131 +2 ve +3\u2019 t\u00fcr. Havada oksijenle demir oksit olu\u015fturacak bi\u00e7imde bile\u015fir. Olduk\u00e7a karars\u0131z olan bu bile\u015fi\u011fin demir (III) oksit denilen ferrik oksit\u2019 e (Fe 2 O 3 ) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi vard\u0131r. Ferrik oksit, demirin havas\u0131 bol bir ortamda yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilir. Ferro s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u2019 \u00fc (FeS) de kapsayan s\u00fclf\u00fcrleri, hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fcn (H 2 S) amonyakl\u0131 ortamda demir tuzlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fiminden olu\u015fur.
\nDemirin s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle, soluk ye\u015fil renkli ferros\u00fclfat [Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ] olu\u015fur. Ferros\u00fclfat hava ile temas etti\u011finde h\u0131zla, kahverengi ferrik s\u00fclfata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Demir hidroklorik asit (HCI) ile birle\u015fince, susuz halde beyaz renkli, d\u00f6rt hidrojenli haldeyse ye\u015fil renkli ferro klor\u00fcr (FeCI 2 ) olu\u015fur. Demir klorla tepkiyince yer yer ye\u015file \u00e7alan ve siyah\u0131ms\u0131-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli bir bile\u015fik olan ferrik klor\u00fcr olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n
TEDAV\u0130DE KULLANILI\u015eI <\/p>\n
Demirin t\u0131ptaki en \u00f6nemli kullan\u0131m yeri, hipokromik kans\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisindedir. Demir eksikli\u011fi durumu, hemoglobin olu\u015fumunu engeller ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerinin \u00f6teki i\u015flevlerini yerine getirmesini de g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir. \u00c7ok say\u0131daki demir bile\u015fiklerinden herhangi biri tedavide kullan\u0131labilir. \u0130norganik tuzlar da, bu konuda ayn\u0131 derecede etkilidirler. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ar\u0131 halde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fc beyaz renkli bir metal olan demir (Fe), d\u00fcnyada ki metaller i\u00e7inde en bol bulunanlar\u0131n ikincisi, elementler aras\u0131nda ise d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda metal demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, yery\u00fcz\u00fc kabu\u011funda demir, \u00f6teki maddelerle tepkimeye girmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ar\u0131 durumda \u00e7ok seyrek bulunur: Yaln\u0131zca baz\u0131 g\u00f6kta\u015flar\u0131nda ve bazaltl\u0131 kayalarda. T\u00fcm bitkilerin, hayvanlar\u0131n ve insanlar\u0131n, ya\u015famak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2273,11748,2565,2340],"class_list":["post-6408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-bitkiler","tag-demir-metalinin-ozellikleri","tag-fe","tag-hemoglobin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6408\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}