Kat\u0131 Maddelerin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi <\/p>\n
Bir analizin ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle \u00f6rne\u011fin uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc bulunarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6ncelikle analize al\u0131nacak madde iyice \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu \u015fekilde y\u00fczey alan\u0131 geni\u015fler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n
Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n hangi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnece\u011fi deneme yolu ile belirlenir. Maddenin \u00f6ncelikle saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcp \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi\u011fine bak\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fcyorsa s\u0131ras\u0131 ile seyreltik asitler, deri\u015fik asitler ve alkali \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler denenir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc eklendi\u011fi zaman \u00e7\u00f6zeltide herhangibir hareket g\u00f6zlenirse (gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, madde azalmas\u0131 gibi) \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemi yard\u0131m\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6zme i\u015flemi h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle metal ve ala\u015f\u0131mlar deri\u015fik asit veya alkalilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Genellikle do\u011fal maddeler ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tu\u011fla, cam, \u00e7imento gibi yapay maddeler yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan ya\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmedi\u011finden kuru \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcler dedi\u011fimiz eriti\u015f maddeleri ile eriti\u015f y\u00f6ntemi ile \u00e7\u00f6zelti haline getirilirler.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerin \u00e7\u00f6zebildi\u011fi bile\u015fikler <\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc
\n\u00c7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bile\u015fikler
\nSu
\n\u0130yonik bile\u015fikler
\nHCI
\nMetaller, Oksitler, Karbonatlar, S\u00fclf\u00fcrler, Fosfatlar
\nHNO3
\nMetaller, Oksitler, Karbonatlar, S\u00fclf\u00fcrler, Fosfatlar
\nKral suyu
\nMetaller, Oksitler, Karbonatlar, S\u00fclf\u00fcrler, Fosfatlar
\nH2SO4
\nOrganik bile\u015fikleri par\u00e7alar
\nHCIO4
\nOrganik bile\u015fikleri par\u00e7alar
\nHF
\nSilikatlar
\nNaOH
\nAmfoter oksitler
\nNH3
\nAmfoter oksitler
\nZn + H2SO4
\nG\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr halojen\u00fcrler
\nKompleksle\u015ftiriciler(NaCN, KCN)
\nSoy metal bile\u015fikleri <\/p>\n
Suyun \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tuzlar <\/p>\n
Anyon
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck
\nNitrat (NO3-)
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\nAsetat (C2H3O2-)
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\nKlorat (ClO3-)
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\nNitrit (NO2-)
\nAg+ hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr
\nKlor\u00fcr (Cl-)
\nAg+, Hg2+2, Pb+2, Cu+ hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr
\nBrom\u00fcr (Br-)
\nAg+, Hg2+2 , Pb+2 hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr
\n\u0130yod\u00fcr (I-)
\nAg+, Hg2+2, Pb+2 hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr
\nS\u00fclfat (SO42-)
\nAg+, Ba+2, Sr+2, Ca+2 hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr
\nSulfid (S2-)
\nAlkali metaller (IA), toprak alkali (IIA) ve NH4+ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler hari\u00e7 di\u011fer metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez
\nFosfat (PO43-)
\nAlkali metaller (IA) ve NH4+ ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler hari\u00e7 di\u011fer metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez
\nKarbonat (CO32-)
\nAlkali metaller (IA) ve NH4+ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler hari\u00e7 di\u011fer metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez
\nOksit (O2-2)
\nAlkali metaller (IA) ve toprak alkali metaller(IIA)ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler hari\u00e7 di\u011fer metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez
\nHidroksit (OH-)
\nAlkali metaller (IA), toprak alkali metaller (IIA)ve NH4+ ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler hari\u00e7 di\u011fer metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikleri suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez<\/p>\n
Asidin se\u00e7imi: Asitte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bile\u015fiklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu amfiprotik anyonlar (kuvvetli bazik \u00f6zellikte ve proton alma e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren anyonlar) i\u00e7eren bile\u015fiklerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen kalsiyum karbonat, asitler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc karbonat iyonu, asitten gelen protonla birle\u015fen kuvvetli bir bazd\u0131r. Karbonatlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda asitte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bile\u015fiklere \u00f6rnek olarak s\u00fclf\u00fcrler, s\u00fclfitler, fosfatlar, arsenatlar, boratlar, kromatlar, arsenitler ve nitritler verilebilir.<\/p>\n
Hidroklorik asit <\/p>\n
Hidroklorik asit karbonatlar, fosfatlar, s\u00fclf\u00fcrler gibi suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen bir\u00e7ok tuzlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zer. PbO2, MnO2, FeO3, SnO2 gibi y\u00fckseltgenleride indirgeyerek \u00e7\u00f6zer. Klor\u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tuzlar u\u00e7ucu olduklar\u0131ndan alev deneyleri i\u00e7inde uygundur.<\/p>\n
Bu asidin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki dezavantaj ise baz\u0131 katyonlarla reaksiyonu sonucunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen tuzlar\u0131 olu\u015fur. AgCl (g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f klor\u00fcr), Hg2Cl2 (civa(I) klor\u00fcr) ve PbCl2 (kur\u015fun klor\u00fcr) bu tuzlara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. Bazende ortamdaki klor\u00fcn fazlas\u0131 kompleks yap\u0131c\u0131 olarak davran\u0131r.
\nHidroklorik asit \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn olarak denenirken hem seyreltik ve deri\u015fik olarak hemde s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk olarak denenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Nitrik Asit <\/p>\n
Nitrik asitte hidroklorik asit gibi baz\u0131 tuzlar\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6zer. As2S3, Sb2S3, HgS gibi hidroklorik asidin \u00e7\u00f6zemedi\u011fi s\u00fclf\u00fcrleride \u00e7\u00f6zer. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fc kolayl\u0131kla y\u00fckseltgemesinden ileri gelir. Nitrik asit hem protonundan hemde anyonundan dolay\u0131 iyi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nitratlar genellikle suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve daha az u\u00e7ucudurlar. <\/p>\n
Bu asidinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda baz\u0131 dezavantajlar vard\u0131r. Analiz s\u00fcresinden nitrik asidin y\u00fckseltgeyici etkisi devam eder ve baz\u0131 iyonlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenmesine neden olabilir. S\u00fclf\u00fcr k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fclfat k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fcne y\u00fckseltgiyerek baz\u0131 s\u00fclfatlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olur. Nitrik asit suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen MnO2 .SnO2 ve PbO2 gibi y\u00fckseltgenleri \u00e7\u00f6zmez.<\/p>\n
S\u00fclf\u00fcrik Asit <\/p>\n
Klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 istenmedi\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n tercih edildi\u011fi durumlarda kullan\u0131labilinir. \u00d6zellikle kur\u015fun, kur\u015fun oksitleri, kur\u015funlu ala\u015f\u0131mlar ve baz\u0131 karbonatlar i\u00e7in iyi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00f6zme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan s\u00fclfat tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmemeleri nedeniyle \u00e7ok tercih edilmez.<\/p>\n
Kral suyu <\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin yukar\u0131daki asitlerle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmemesi halinde s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk kral suyu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kral suyu 3 k\u0131s\u0131m hidrokorik asit ve 1 k\u0131s\u0131m nitrik asitten olu\u015fur.Kral suyunun \u00e7\u00f6zme kuvveti i\u00e7inde bol miktarda bulunan klor iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n , eser halde bulunan katyonlar\u0131 kompleks halinde ba\u011flamas\u0131ndan ileri gelir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kat\u0131 Maddelerin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi Bir analizin ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle \u00f6rne\u011fin uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc bulunarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6ncelikle analize al\u0131nacak madde iyice \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu \u015fekilde y\u00fczey alan\u0131 geni\u015fler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 artar. Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n hangi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnece\u011fi deneme yolu ile belirlenir. Maddenin \u00f6ncelikle saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcp \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi\u011fine bak\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fcyorsa s\u0131ras\u0131 ile seyreltik asitler, deri\u015fik asitler …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11794,2262,11792,2176,3584,11789,11790,11788,11795,2142,4679,7113,11793,11791],"class_list":["post-6463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-amfoter-oksitler","tag-asitler","tag-fosfatlar","tag-hidroklorik-asit","tag-hidroksit","tag-iyonik-bilesikler","tag-karbonatlar","tag-kati-maddelerin-cozulmesi","tag-kral-suyu","tag-metaller","tag-nitrik-asit","tag-oksitler","tag-silikatlar","tag-sulfurler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6463\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}