\u201ckimyasal ba\u011flar\u201d tanecikler aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201c\u00e7ekim kuvvetleri\u201dnden ba\u015fka \u015feyler de\u011fildir.Fakat bu \u00e7ekim kuvvetlerinin \u015fiddeti farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a (art\u0131p azald\u0131k\u00e7a) farkl\u0131 isimler al\u0131rlar.\u015eiddetlerine ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi taneciklerin cinsine g\u00f6re 3\u2019e ay\u0131kabiliriz: Molek\u00fcller \u0130\u00e7in Ba\u011flar Metalik Ba\u011f Molek\u00fcller Aras\u0131 Ba\u011flar 1. \u0130yonik Ba\u011f 1. Hidrojen Ba\u011f\u0131 2. Kovalent Ba\u011f 2. Dipol Dipol Etkile\u015fimi a) Apolar Kovalent Ba\u011f 3. Vander Wals Kuvveti b) Polar Kovalent Ba\u011f I. MOLEK\u00dcL \u0130\u00c7\u0130 BA\u011eLAR Molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131 bir arada tutan, atomlar aras\u0131nda I.MOLEK\u00dcL \u0130\u00c7\u0130 BA\u011eLAR Molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131 bir arada tutan,atomlar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ba\u011flard\u0131r.\u015eiddetleri epeyce fazla oldu\u011fundan ve elektronlar\u0131n etkisi do\u011frudan s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan \u201dger\u00e7ek ba\u011f\u201d diye nitelendirmek diye nitelendirmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz.\u0130yonik ba\u011f ve kovalent ba\u011f olmak \u00fczere 2 \u00e7e\u015fittir. 1.\u0130YON\u0130K BA\u011e Metal-ametal elementler aras\u0131nda elektron al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi sonucu olu\u015fan ba\u011flard\u0131r.Ba\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu metal elektron vermi\u015f (katyon) halde, ametal ise elektron alm\u0131\u015f (anyon) haldedir. Elementler bile\u015fik olu\u015ftururlarken elektron say\u0131s\u0131 (elektron d\u00fczeni) bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kendisine en yak\u0131n soygaza benzemek ister. Atom numaras\u0131 (1,2,3 gibi) com k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan elementler, son enerji d\u00fczeyindeki elektron say\u0131s\u0131 8 olunca (oktet kural\u0131 )kararl\u0131 hale gecer. Bu iki kural asl\u0131nda kendisine en yak\u0131n soygaza benzeme iste\u011finden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Metal-ametal aras\u0131nda bile\u015fik olu\u015ftururken metallerin elektron verdi\u011fini, ametallerin \u0130se elektron ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz.\u015eimdi sodyum ile klor aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan bile\u015fikteki ba\u011flar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceleyelim. 1s 2s 2p 3s 11Na 17 Cl Orbital \u015femalar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, birle\u015fik olu\u015ftururken, son enerji d\u00fczeyine 1 elektronu olan Na bu 1 elektronu vererek +1, son enerji d\u00fczeyinde 7 elektronu alan Cl ise Na un verdi\u011fi bu elektronu alarak -1 de\u011ferine sahip olur ve bu iki element aras\u0131ndaki elektron al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi sonucunda Na Cl bile\u015fi\u011fi olu\u015fur. Bu bile\u015fikteki ba\u011f iyonik ba\u011fd\u0131r. \u00d6RNEK A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerden hangisini elementlerine ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak en zordur? (3Li, 11Na, 9F, 17Cl, 12Mg, 8O) A) LiCl B) NaCl C) LiF D) NaF E) MgO Bu bile\u015fiklerin hepsindeki ba\u011flar iyonik ba\u011f. \u0130yonik bile\u015fikleri elementlerine ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7ok zordur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc elektron verici element (metal)ile elektron al\u0131c\u0131 element ametal ars\u0131nda elektron al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi sonucu olu\u015fan istekli bir birliktelik s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130yonik ba\u011fda iyonlar aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131k \u00f6nemsenmezse elektiriksel \u00e7ekim kuvveti y\u00fcklerin \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131yla D.O. oldu\u011fundan ,iyon y\u00fck\u00fc artt\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u011f sa\u011flamla\u015f\u0131r. Mg+\u00b2 ,O-\u00b2 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekim kuvveti di\u011ferlerinden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. YANIT:E \u0130yonik bile\u015fiklerin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 kristal yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekil olarak farkl\u0131 olup da \u00f6zellikleri benzeyen , cok \u00e7e\u015fitli (k\u00fcbik, tetrogonal, hegzagonal gibi) kristal bi\u00e7imleri var.Fakat bunlar\u0131n hepsinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131yla ele almaya gerek yok. \u015eimdi \u00f6rnek olarak k\u00fcbik istiflenme bi\u00e7imi g\u00f6steren NaCl kristalinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceleyelim. a. \u00dc\u00e7 Boyutlu b. \u0130ki Boyutlu Bir tek yemek tuzu kristalinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da Na+ iyonu ve ona e\u015fit say\u0131da Cl\u00af iyonu bulunur. Kristal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tam anlayabilmek i\u00e7in biraz hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zorlamaya gerek var. \u201cb\u201d \u015feklinde ise (+) ve (-) ile simgelenmi\u015f. \u00d6nce \u201ca\u201d \u015feklini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m; Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerinde Na+ ve Cl\u00af iyonlar\u0131 bulunan bir k\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yan y\u00fczeyleri \u201c\u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131k\u201d olacak bi\u00e7imde k\u00fcpleri \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131n. \u201ca\u201d \u015feklinde b\u00f6yle iki k\u00fcp \u00e7izilmi\u015f. \u201cb\u201d \u015feklinde ise b\u00f6yle d\u00f6rt tane k\u00fcb\u00fcn sadece taban y\u00fczeyleri \u00e7izilmi\u015f. \u201ca\u201d \u015feklindeki k\u00fcpleri hayalinizde \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131n. \u201cb\u201d \u015feklindeki k\u00fcpleri ise \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn, sonra \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131n. Kristaldeki her Na+ iyonu da 6 tane Cl- iyonu taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu koordinali yap\u0131da(+)ve(-) y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekim kuvvetleri nedeniyle kristal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok sa\u011flamd\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi,bir tek NaCI molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden bahsetmek yanl\u0131\u015f olur. (NaCI)n bi\u00e7iminde de molek\u00fcllerden bahsedebiliriz. Kristal yap\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fan bu dev molek\u00fcller sayesinde iyonik bile\u015fiklerin erime ve kaynama noktalar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Kat\u0131 halde kristaldeki iyonlar\u0131n yerleri sabittir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201ckimyasal ba\u011flar\u201d tanecikler aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u201c\u00e7ekim kuvvetleri\u201dnden ba\u015fka \u015feyler de\u011fildir.Fakat bu \u00e7ekim kuvvetlerinin \u015fiddeti farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a (art\u0131p azald\u0131k\u00e7a) farkl\u0131 isimler al\u0131rlar.\u015eiddetlerine ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi taneciklerin cinsine g\u00f6re 3\u2019e ay\u0131kabiliriz: Molek\u00fcller \u0130\u00e7in Ba\u011flar Metalik Ba\u011f Molek\u00fcller Aras\u0131 Ba\u011flar 1. \u0130yonik Ba\u011f 1. Hidrojen Ba\u011f\u0131 2. Kovalent Ba\u011f 2. Dipol Dipol Etkile\u015fimi a) Apolar Kovalent Ba\u011f 3. Vander Wals …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2134,7587,5343,2229,11782,2240],"class_list":["post-6496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-elektron","tag-hidrojen-bagi","tag-katyon","tag-kimyasal-baglar","tag-kimyasal-baglar-ve-siniflandirilmasi","tag-kovalent-bag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6496\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}