Laboratuarda bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilecek \u00f6teki maddelerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde kullan\u0131lan en kolay y\u00f6ntem dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Dam\u0131tma s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buharla\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p daha sonra y\u00fckselen buhar\u0131n bir so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemiyle yeniden s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131v\u0131 \u00f6nceden i\u00e7erdi\u011fi buharla\u015fmaz maddelerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur. Kaynama noktalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik iki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda dam\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fleme ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131tma ad\u0131 verilir.
\nKapal\u0131 bir kapta buhar elli bir bas\u0131nca ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar s\u0131v\u0131 buharla\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu bas\u0131n\u00e7 yaln\u0131z s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve buharla\u015fman\u0131n belli bir s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7in belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta maksimum s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Buhar\u0131n doymu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Her s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri vard\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal yap\u0131s\u0131na u\u00e7uculu\u011funun y\u00fcksek ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve maddenin miktar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 hemen her zaman mili metre civa olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu ayn\u0131 miktarda bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapma etkisindeki civa s\u00fctunun uzunlu\u011fudur.
\nBir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131 buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile y\u00fckselir. Suyun ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 buharla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bu art\u0131\u015f buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya uygulanan d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nca e\u015fit duruma getirince s\u0131v\u0131 kaynar,bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle s\u0131v\u0131 ile buhar aras\u0131ndaki denge bozularak, s\u0131v\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle buhar haline ge\u00e7er. T\u00fcm hal de\u011fi\u015fimlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi ,kaynama s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm s\u0131v\u0131 buhar haline ge\u00e7inceyte kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmez kal\u0131r. Deniz seviyesinde su 1atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.100Cde suyun buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 1atmye e\u015fittir. Bu y\u00fczden suyun kaynama noktas\u0131 100C\u2019dir.
\nBir s\u0131v\u0131 daha u\u00e7ucu olduk\u00e7a ,belli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckselir ve d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nca ula\u015fmas\u0131 kolay olur. Buna iyi bir \u00f6rnek olan eterin kaynama noktas\u0131 son derece y\u00fcksek bir buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak 35C0\u2019dir. Bu \u00f6zelliklere dayan\u0131larak bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti ,i\u00e7indeki kat\u0131\u015f\u0131klardan ar\u0131t\u0131labilir. Ama ,bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki iki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynama noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 80C den y\u00fcksek bir fark varsa, bunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r, kaynama noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark 80C den az ise iki ar\u0131 bile\u015fe elde etmek zordur.<\/p>\n
DAMITMA S\u00dcTUNLARI<\/p>\n
Kaynama noktalar\u0131 biri birinden birka\u00e7 derece farkl\u0131 bile\u015fenlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak,\u00e7ok s\u0131k gerek duyulan ve \u00f6zel ayg\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 gerektiren bir i\u015ftir.
\nDam\u0131tma s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u00e7inde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kaynat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 cam kab\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131ndan her zaman y\u00fcksektir. Bu kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tta buhar\u0131n hareketini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.
\nKaynama noktalar\u0131 birbirine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n iki s\u0131v\u0131da , s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n biraz artmas\u0131 bile s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n her ikisinin de e\u015f zamanda kaynay\u0131p dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bu y\u00fczden ,buhar\u0131n olabildi\u011fi kadar uzun bir hacimde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ilkesinden yararlan\u0131lan dam\u0131tma s\u00fctunlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nBu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n , s\u00fctunlar\u0131n so\u011fuk \u00e7eperlerine de\u011fdikten sonra daha kolay yeniden yo\u011funla\u015farak, dam\u0131tma kab\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmelerini sa\u011flar, bu arada, daha u\u00e7ucu maddeler ba\u015far\u0131yla dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
DAMITMANIN KULLANIM ALANLARI<\/p>\n
Dam\u0131tma,laboratuarda vazge\u00e7ilmez bir y\u00f6ntem olmas\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ,sanayide de \u00e7ok s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En yeni kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, deniz suyunun tuzunun giderilerek i\u00e7me suyu elde edilmesidir. Bu i\u015flem b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi tesisleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirse de yararlan\u0131lan ilke, laboratuarda yararlan\u0131lanla ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Dam\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi, sanayi art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 su kirlenmesi sorununa da uygulanabilir, ama art\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7inde buharla\u015fabilir kimyasal maddeler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nS\u0131v\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f havan\u0131n ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 da ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. \u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131da s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fan hava, sonra dam\u0131t\u0131larak i\u00e7indeki gazlar(azot, helyum vb.) ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 elde edilebilir. Burada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan teknik sorun,gazlar\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanmadan \u00f6nce, so\u011futmada yararlanmakt\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f hava \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta \u00e7e\u015fitli basmaklarda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, sonrada bir delik yada memeden ge\u00e7irilip h\u0131zla geni\u015fletilerek elde edilebilir. Roketlerin hareket etmelerini sa\u011flayan d\u00fczenlemelerde kullan\u0131lan s\u0131v\u0131 oksijen bu yolla elde edilir. Bununla birlikte asetilen gibi patlay\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n birikmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in de \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermek gerekir. Dam\u0131tman\u0131n petrol sanayisinde geni\u015f uygulama alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli akaryak\u0131tlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca kimya sanayisinde ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc gerektiren sanayilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Laboratuarda bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilecek \u00f6teki maddelerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde kullan\u0131lan en kolay y\u00f6ntem dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Dam\u0131tma s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buharla\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p daha sonra y\u00fckselen buhar\u0131n bir so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemiyle yeniden s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131v\u0131 \u00f6nceden i\u00e7erdi\u011fi buharla\u015fmaz maddelerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur. Kaynama noktalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik iki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda dam\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fleme ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131tma ad\u0131 verilir. Kapal\u0131 bir kapta …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[11609,4601],"class_list":["post-6510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-buhar-basinci","tag-damitma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6510"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6510\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}