A. Anonim Halk \u015eiiri Naz\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri
\n1. Mani
\n S\u00f6zl\u00fc anonim edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindendir. D\u00f6rt m\u0131sradan meydan gelir. Yedili hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle s\u00f6ylenir. Sevgi, tabiat, \u00f6vg\u00fc, yergi, evl\u00e2t sevgisi, ayr\u0131l\u0131k, hasret ve a\u015fk konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fler. \u0130lk iki m\u0131sra doldurmad\u0131r, konuya giri\u015f i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenir. Son iki m\u0131srada ise as\u0131l s\u00f6ylenmek istenen verilir. Maniler, d\u00fcz mani ve ayakl\u0131 (cinasl\u0131, kesik) mani olarak iki grupta incelenir. Cinasl\u0131 manilerde m\u0131sra say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6rtten fazla olabilir.S\u00f6yleyeni belli olmayan, genellikle 7\u2032li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re s\u00f6ylenen d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerdir. Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da mani yerine bayat\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nUyak d\u00fczeni aaba \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00fcrk\u00fc
\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011finde, bir ezgi ile s\u00f6ylenen halk \u015fiirinin her \u00e7e\u015fidini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan ad \u201ct\u00fcrk\u00fc\u201dd\u00fcr. \u00d6zel durumlarda ya da ezginin, s\u00f6zlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlemesine g\u00f6re ninni, a\u011f\u0131t, deyi\u015f, hava adlar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fdan \u00e7a\u011fa ve y\u00f6reden y\u00f6reye i\u00e7erik ve \u015fekil olarak de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterebilir. A\u015fk, do\u011fa, g\u00fczellik, kahramanl\u0131k, sosyal konular t\u00fcrk\u00fclerin konusunu olu\u015fturur. T\u00fcrk\u00fcler ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m \u015feklidir. Yani s\u00f6yleyeni belli t\u00fcrk\u00fcler de vard\u0131r.Kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ezgiyle s\u00f6ylenir. 8\u2018li ve 11\u2019li hece kal\u0131b\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenir. Bent ve kavu\u015ftak olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur.
\nHecenin sekizli ve on birli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleriyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk\u00fcler ezgilerine g\u00f6re divan, usuls\u00fcz, bozlak, ko\u015fma, hoyrat, kayaba\u015f\u0131, \u00c7ukurova gibi \u00e7e\u015fitlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\nNinni
\nAnonim s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdendir.
\nT\u00fcrk\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden biridir.
\n\u00c7ocu\u011fun uyumas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ya da a\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, sade bir dille ve hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re ezgili olarak s\u00f6ylenen t\u00fcrk\u00fclerdir. S\u00f6yleyeni belli olmayan bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerden ve nakarat b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
B. \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Edebiyat\u0131 Naz\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri <\/p>\n
\u00c2\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m t\u00fcr ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Ancak \u015fehirde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, okumu\u015f yazm\u0131\u015f olan \u00e2\u015f\u0131klarla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015famakta olan \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar \u015fiirlerini yazarlar.<\/p>\n
1. Ko\u015fma<\/p>\n
\u00c2\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok sevilen ve kullan\u0131lan naz\u0131m \u015feklidir.
\nD\u00f6rt dizeli bentlerden olu\u015fur.
\nD\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 3-5 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n11\u2019li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle (6+5 ya da 4+4+3 durakl\u0131 olarak) yaz\u0131l\u0131r\/s\u00f6ylenir. 4+3 ve 4+4 kal\u0131b\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f ko\u015fmalar da vard\u0131r.
\n\u015eair son d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte mahl\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.
\nUyak d\u00fczeni abab cccb dddb\u2026 \u015feklindedir. \u0130lk d\u00f6rtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn uyak d\u00fczeni xbxb ya da aaab \u015feklinde de olabilir.
\nKo\u015fmalar genellikle lirik konularda s\u00f6ylenir.
\nA\u015fk, g\u00fczellik, tabiat, sevgi vb konular i\u015flenir.
\nKo\u015fmalar konular\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fczelleme, ko\u00e7aklama, ta\u015flama, a\u011f\u0131t gibi naz\u0131m t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7erir.
\nKar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fma (dedim-dedi) bi\u00e7iminde olan ko\u015fmalar da vard\u0131r.
\nZiyadeli ko\u015fmalara ayakl\u0131 ko\u015fma denir: ab(b)ab(b) cccb(b) dddb(b) \u2026
\n\u00d6nemli ko\u015fma \u015fairleri K\u00f6ro\u011flu, Pir Sultan Abdal, Karacao\u011flan, Gevher\u00ee, Erzurumlu Emrah, \u00c2\u015f\u0131k \u00d6mer.
\n2. Semai<\/p>\n
Aruzla ve heceyle yaz\u0131lan olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc semai vard\u0131r.
\nHeceyle yaz\u0131lanlar ko\u015fmaya benzer.
\nTek fark dizelerin hece say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.
\nSemai sekizli kal\u0131pla yaz\u0131l\u0131r.
\nKendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ezgiyle s\u00f6ylenir.
\nD\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fur.
\nD\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 3-5 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nUyak d\u00fczeni ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
\nSevgi, g\u00fczellik, ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve do\u011fa konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fler.
\nKaracao\u011flan ve Erzurumlu Emrah bu alanda me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n
3. Varsa\u011f\u0131
\n Toroslardaki Varsak (Av\u015far) boyunun \u00f6zel bir ezgiyle s\u00f6yledi\u011fi t\u00fcrk\u00fclerden geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. Kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bestesi vard\u0131r. Epik \u015fiirlerdir. Sert, yi\u011fit\u00e7e bir s\u00f6yleyi\u015fi vard\u0131r. Hayattan ve talihten \u015fik\u00e2yet gibi konular da i\u015flenir.Hecenin 8\u2019li kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle \u201cbre, bre hey, hey, be hey\u201d gibi \u00fcnlem s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerine yer verilir.Kafiyeleni\u015fi ko\u015fmayla ayn\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 3-5 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dadalo\u011flu ve Karacao\u011flan varsa\u011f\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc iki \u015fairdir.<\/p>\n
4. Destan<\/p>\n
\u00c2\u015f\u0131k \u015firinin en uzun naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. (Anonim destanlardan farkl\u0131d\u0131r.)D\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fur. D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 konuya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Kimi destanlarda y\u00fcz\u00fc ge\u00e7er. Sava\u015flar, kahramanl\u0131klar, ayaklanmalar, k\u0131tl\u0131klar, do\u011fal afetler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, e\u015fk\u0131ya ve \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filerin ser\u00fcvenleri, g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olaylar, toplumsal ta\u015flama ve ele\u015ftiri, atas\u00f6zleri, hayvanlar destanlara konu olur.
\nDestan ko\u015fma gibi kafiyelenir: abab cccb dddb\u2026 \u0130lk d\u00f6rtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn uyak d\u00fczeni: xbxb \u015feklinde de olabilir.
\nHecenin daha \u00e7ok on birli kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r\/s\u00f6ylenir. Sekizli kal\u0131pla s\u00f6ylenenler de vard\u0131r. Destanlar\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ezgisi vard\u0131r. Destanda da \u015fair son d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte mahl\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Seyran\u00ee ve \u00c2\u015f\u0131k \u00d6mer bu alanda \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. \u00c2\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m t\u00fcrleri<\/p>\n
\u00c2\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m t\u00fcrleri genellikle ko\u015fma ve semai naz\u0131m \u015fekilleriyle s\u00f6ylenir. Konular\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ko\u015fma ve semaiden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. G\u00fczelleme<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan, tabiat, a\u015fk, sevgi sevgilinin g\u00fczelliklerinden bahseden \u015fiirlerdir. Ko\u015fma naz\u0131m \u015fekliyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Lirik \u015fiirlerdir.En \u00f6nemli \u015fairi Karacao\u011flan\u2019d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
2. Ko\u00e7aklama<\/p>\n
Co\u015fkun ve yi\u011fit\u00e7e bir \u00fcsl\u00fbpla yi\u011fitlik, kahramanl\u0131k ve sava\u015f konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fler. Epik \u015fiirlerdir. Ko\u015fma \u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenir. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda K\u00f6ro\u011flu ve Dadalo\u011flu ko\u00e7aklama \u015fairi olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Ta\u015flama<\/p>\n
Bir kimseyi veya toplumun bozuk y\u00f6nlerini ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerdir. Ko\u015fma naz\u0131m \u015fekliyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131k Dertli, Bayburtlu Zihni, Ruhsati ve Develili Seyrani \u00f6nemli ta\u015flama \u015fairleridir. Divan edebiyat\u0131ndaki ad\u0131 hicviye\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
4. A\u011f\u0131t<\/p>\n
Sevilen bir ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden duyulan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc dile getirmek amac\u0131yla ve ko\u015fma naz\u0131m \u015fekliyle yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerdir. \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesindeki ad\u0131 sagu, Divan edebiyat\u0131ndaki ad\u0131 \u201cmersiye\u201ddir. Anonim halk edebiyat\u0131nda da a\u011f\u0131tlar olmakla birlikte a\u011f\u0131tlar \u00e2\u015f\u0131k tarz\u0131 T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na aittir.
\nDo\u011fal afetler, \u00f6l\u00fcm, hastal\u0131k vb. \u00e7aresizlikler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korku, heyecan, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, isyan gibi duygular\u0131 ifade eden ezgili \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir.
\nA\u011f\u0131t s\u00f6yleme i\u015fine a\u011f\u0131t yakma, a\u011f\u0131t s\u00f6yleyenlere ise a\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131 denilmektedir.
\nKo\u015fma naz\u0131m \u015fekliyle s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re d\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fur.
\nKafiye \u015femas\u0131 ko\u015fmadaki gibidir.<\/p>\n
D.Dini Tasavvufi T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Naz\u0131m \u015eekilleri ve T\u00fcrleri <\/p>\n
Din\u00ee-Tasavvuf\u00ee T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na Tekke edebiyat\u0131 da denir.<\/p>\n
Tekke Edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m t\u00fcrleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. \u0130lahi
\n Allah a\u015fk\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen, Tanr\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6vmek, ona yalvarmak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan\/s\u00f6ylenen \u015fiirlerdir. \u00d6zel bir ezgiyle okunur. \u0130l\u00e2h\u00eeler tarikatlere g\u00f6re t\u00fcrl\u00fc adlar al\u0131r: Mevlev\u00eelerde \u00e2yin, Bekta\u015f\u00eelerde nefes, Alevilerde deme (deyi\u015f, deme), di\u011fer tarikatlerde de cumhur yada il\u00e2h\u00ee denir. Deme, Alev\u00ee ve K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f \u015fairlerine aittir. Bestelenir. 8\u2019li kal\u0131pla s\u00f6ylenir.\u0130l\u00e2h\u00eeleriyle en \u00e7ok Yunus Emre (XIII. yy.) \u00fcnlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee, yedili, sekizli ve on birli hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6rtl\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 3-7 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nKafiye d\u00fczeni ko\u015fmaya benzer: abab cccb dddb\u2026 \u0130lk d\u00f6rtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn uyak d\u00fczeni xbxb ya da aaab \u015feklinde de olabilir.<\/p>\n
2. Nefes
\n Bekta\u015f\u00ee \u015fairlerinin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 tasavvuf\u00ee \u015fiirlerdir. Nefeslerde genellikle tasavvuftaki vahdet-i v\u00fccut (varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birli\u011fi) kavram\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Hz. Muhammet ve Hz: Ali i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fcler de s\u00f6ylenir. Nefeslerde kalenderane ve alayc\u0131 bir \u00fcsl\u00fbp g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda Pir Sultan Abdal nefesleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
3. Nutuk<\/p>\n
Tekke \u00f6nderlerinin tarikate yeni giren dervi\u015flere tarikatin ilkelerini \u00f6\u011fretmek mac\u0131yla s\u00f6yledikleri didaktik \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n
4. Devriye<\/p>\n
\u0130l\u00e2h\u00eeye benzer. Ezelden beri var olan insan ruhunun Allah\u2019tan gelip tekrar Allah\u2019a d\u00f6nmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini i\u015fleyen \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n
5. \u015eathiye<\/p>\n
Dinin ilkelerinden, inan\u00e7lardan teklifsizce ve alayc\u0131 bir dille s\u00f6z ediyormu\u015f gibi s\u00f6ylenen \u015fiirlerdir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte sa\u00e7ma san\u0131lan bu \u015fiirler asl\u0131nda toplumun ve insanlar\u0131n ele\u015ftirisini yapmakta ve tasavvuf kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bunlara genellikle Bekta\u015f\u00ee \u015fairlerinde rastlan\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A. Anonim Halk \u015eiiri Naz\u0131m Bi\u00e7imleri 1. Mani S\u00f6zl\u00fc anonim edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindendir. D\u00f6rt m\u0131sradan meydan gelir. Yedili hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle s\u00f6ylenir. Sevgi, tabiat, \u00f6vg\u00fc, yergi, evl\u00e2t sevgisi, ayr\u0131l\u0131k, hasret ve a\u015fk konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fler. \u0130lk iki m\u0131sra doldurmad\u0131r, konuya giri\u015f i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenir. Son iki m\u0131srada ise as\u0131l s\u00f6ylenmek istenen verilir. Maniler, d\u00fcz mani ve ayakl\u0131 (cinasl\u0131, kesik) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[2033,2027,1990,2032,2026,2034,2030,2029,2028,2031],"class_list":["post-690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-agit","tag-anonim-halk-siiri","tag-destan","tag-guzelleme","tag-hece-olcusuyle-yazilan-halk-siiri-nazim-bicimleri","tag-ilahi","tag-kosma","tag-ninni","tag-turku","tag-varsagi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/690\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}