T\u00dcRK EDEB\u0130YATI<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m’dan \u00d6nceki T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131: Eldeki bilgilere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrklerin ilk anayurdu Orta Asya’d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde bulunan yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler, T\u00fcrk dili ve edebiyat\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli bilgileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze iletmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler, VIII. yy’dar\u0131 kalmad\u0131r (G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131). Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerdeki dilin geli\u015fmi\u015f, i\u00e7eri\u011finin zengin olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha eskilere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00fcr\u00fcnler yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmeden \u00f6nce, uzunca s\u00fcre s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u0130sl\u00e2m’dan \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 da iki ana dalda incelemek gerekir: S\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek; yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelenek.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek (ya da s\u00f6zl\u00fc ebiyat): B\u00fct\u00fcn uluslar\u0131n edebiyat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, T\u00fcrk ulusunun da ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze s\u00fcregelen bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat gelene\u011fi vard\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut’un, Divan\u00fc L\u00fcgat it-T\u00fcrk ([T\u00fcrk Dili S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrklerde s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekte \u015fiir \u00f6nde geliyordu. “Kam”, “baks\u0131”, “ozan”, “\u015faman” gibi adlar verilen ilk ozanlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda “kopuz” denen bir \u00e7alg\u0131 da \u00e7almaktayd\u0131lar. Hekimlik, b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck gibi g\u00f6revleri de olan bu ozanlar, \u015f\u00f6len, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, yu\u011f gibi t\u00f6renlerde g\u00f6rev al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Turfan kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ilk T\u00fcrk ozanlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiirleri bulunmu\u015ftur. Apr\u0131n\u00e7ur Tigin, \u00c7u\u00e7u, K\u00fcl Tarkan, \u00c7\u0131suya Tutung, As\u0131g Tutung, Sungku Seli Tutung, Kal\u0131m Key\u015fi adl\u0131 ilk T\u00fcrk ozanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiirlerinde, genellikle d\u00f6rtl\u00fck naz\u0131m birimi, hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fiirlerin dili de “\u00f6z T\u00fcrk\u00e7e” dir. S\u00f6z konusu \u015fiirlerde “ko\u015fu\u011f”, “kojan”, “tak\u015fut”, “\u0131r”, “y\u0131r”, “\u015flok”, “kavi”, “bas\u0131k” gibi adlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkati \u00e7eker. S\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekte olu\u015fan t\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda, destanlar ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 al\u0131r. Sonra ko\u015fuklar (sevgi, do\u011fa g\u00fczellikleri, vb. konular\u0131 i\u015flerler), sagular (\u00f6len bir kimsenin arkas\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenen, onun yi\u011fitliklerini, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden duyulan ac\u0131y\u0131 dile getiren \u015fiirler) gelir. Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut’un s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, eski T\u00fcrk atas\u00f6zleri (sav)\u00f6rneklerine de rastlanmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekler pek \u00e7ok bi\u00e7imsel, b\u00f6lgesel, vb. de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelenek ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat: Yaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra, s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’de ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler, VI. yy’dan kalan Yenisey yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 ve VII. yy’dan kalan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131tlar aras\u0131nda Kuzey Mo\u011folistan’da bulunan K\u00fcltigin yaz\u0131t\u0131 (dikili\u015fi 732), Bilge Ka\u011fan yaz\u0131t\u0131 (dikili\u015fi 735) ve Tonyukuk yaz\u0131t\u0131 (dikili\u015fi 720) an\u0131-s\u00f6ylev t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rnekleri say\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrk toplumunun devlet, toplum, iktisat, siyaset, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ya\u015famlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler vermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan bu yaz\u0131tlarda, geli\u015fmi\u015f bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelene\u011fin daha \u00f6nceleri ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimini uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r, Uygur T\u00fcrklerinden kalan yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda da, Altun Yaruk \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7ince’den T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u00e7evrilen bu kitap, buddhac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kutsal yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u00d6b\u00fcr Uygurca \u00f6yk\u00fcler aras\u0131nda Cestani Bey Hik\u00e2yesi, Kutsal Tav\u015fan Hik\u00e2yesi, Prens Kalyanamkara ve Papamkara Hik\u00e2yesi say\u0131labilir. Dinsel niteli\u011fi \u00f6nde gelen Uygur edebiyat\u0131nda, \u00e7eviriler a\u011f\u0131r basmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00d6ZL\u00dc EDEB\u0130YAT <\/p>\n
Her toplumda oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrklerde de kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri vard\u0131r. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler eski T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131r,\u015f\u00f6len ve yu\u011f ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri t\u00f6renlerden do\u011fan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. <\/p>\n
S\u0131\u011f\u0131r: Av t\u00f6renlerine denir. <\/p>\n
\u015e\u00f6len: Kurban t\u00f6renlerine denir. <\/p>\n
Yu\u011f: Yas,\u00f6l\u00fcm t\u00f6renlerine denir. <\/p>\n
Bu t\u00f6renler \u015faman,kam,baks\u0131 ve ozan ad\u0131n\u0131 alan ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir.Bunlar sazlar\u0131yla bu t\u00f6renlerde baz\u0131 destan par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 veya ko\u015fuk,sagu ad\u0131 verilen \u015fiirleri s\u00f6ylerlerdi. <\/p>\n
\u0130slamiyet \u00d6ncesi T\u00fcrk \u015eiirinin \u00d6zellikleri: <\/p>\n
*Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.(7\u2019li,8\u2019li,12\u2019li) <\/p>\n
*Yar\u0131m kafiye kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
*Naz\u0131m birimi d\u00f6rtl\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
*Dildeki kelime say\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.,yabanc\u0131 dillerin etkisi yoktur <\/p>\n
*Tabiatla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sanat\u00e7\u0131lar benzetmelerde tabiattan yararlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
*\u015eiirlerde i\u015flenen konular:kahramanl\u0131k,yi\u011fitlik,\u00f6l\u00fcm,sava\u015f ve a\u015fkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130SLAM\u0130YET \u00d6NCES\u0130 T\u00dcRK EDEB\u0130YATI
\nBilinmeyen bir tarihte ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slamiyet’in kabul\u00fcne kadar devam ede gelmi\u015ftir. Atl\u0131- g\u00f6\u00e7ebe k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm, yi\u011fitlik, sava\u015f, a\u015fk konular\u0131 en \u00e7ok i\u015flenen konular olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ki koldan geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
A) S\u00d6ZL\u00dc EDEB\u0130YAT:\u015eaman, kam, baks\u0131, ozan ad\u0131 verilen sanat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan icra edilmi\u015ftir. Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar “kopuz”ad\u0131 verilen bir saz aleti kullan\u0131rlard\u0131. Do\u011fu\u015fu her ne kadar dini t\u00f6renlere dayansa da zamanla din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konular da geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n*Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n*A\u015fk, do\u011fa, \u00f6l\u00fcm konular\u0131 s\u0131k i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.
\n*Anomin \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\n* Yar\u0131m kafiye kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n*Ko\u015fuk, sav, sagu, destan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnleri say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
KO\u015eUK
\nKopuz e\u015fli\u011finde “s\u0131\u011f\u0131r” denilen s\u00fcrek avlar\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenen lirik \u015fiirlerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki “ko\u015fma”lar\u0131n ilk versiyonu say\u0131l\u0131rlar. Kafiye \u015femas\u0131 “aaab,cccb,dddb”\u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
SAGU
\nYu\u011f ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6l\u00fc t\u00f6renlerinde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hafifletmek amac\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz “a\u011f\u0131t”lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk versiyonuna denir. Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 7’li-8’li par\u00e7alar\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nUyar\u0131: Bilinen en eski sagu :”Alp er Tunga”sagusudur.<\/p>\n
SAV
\nAtas\u00f6z\u00fc demektir. Atas\u00f6zlerimiz ilk defa “Divan-\u0131 Lugati’t T\u00fcrk”kitab\u0131nda bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
DESTAN
\nToplumu derinden etkileyen sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k, afet vb. olaylar\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fcklerle bezendirilerek anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 manzum (bazen naz\u0131m- nesir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k)uzun hik\u00e2yelere denir.
\nDestanlar “Do\u011fal-Yapay”olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z>>> M\u0130TOLOJi
\n1) DO\u011eAL DESTANLAR
\nGer\u00e7ekte var olan herhangi bir olay\u0131n milletin dilinde y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren bir anlat\u0131mdan sonra bir ozan taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan destanlara denir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki en \u00f6nemli do\u011fal destanlar:<\/p>\n
Kalevala……………F\u0130NLAND\u0130YA
\nMahabharata …… H\u0130NT
\nRamayana …………H\u0130NT
\n\u015eant do R\u00f6lant……FRANSIZ
\nNibelungen…………ALMAN
\n\u0130gor…………………..RUS
\nBeovful………………\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z
\n\u0130liada ……………….YUNAN
\nOdyssa ……………..YUNAN
\n\u015eehname……………\u0130RAN
\nG\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f……………S\u00dcMER
\nO\u011fuz Ka\u011fan………..T\u00dcRK
\nErgenekon………….T\u00dcRK
\nManas ………………KIRGIZ <\/p>\n
2)YAPAY DESTANLAR
\nHerhangi bir olaydan yola \u00e7\u0131karak bir ozan\u0131n destan kurallar\u0131na riayet edip olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u015fiirlere denir.<\/p>\n
Kaybolmu\u015f Cennet (Milton)
\nKurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kud\u00fcs (Tasso)
\n\u0130lahi Komedya (Dante)
\n\u00c7\u0131lg\u0131n Orlando (Ludovico Ariosto)
\n\u00dc\u00e7 \u015eehitler Destan\u0131 ( Faz\u0131l H\u00fcsn\u00fc Da\u011flarca)
\n\u00c7anakkale \u015eehitlerine (Mehmet Akif)<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Destanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri:
\n* \u00c7o\u011funlukla manzumdurlar (\u015fiir \u015feklinde).
\n* Anonimdirler.
\n* Olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerin \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131rlar.
\n* Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri \u00e7ok\u00e7a bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n* \u00c7ok sonra yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK DESTANLARI<\/p>\n
Saka T\u00fcrklerinin Destanlar\u0131
\n* Alp Er Tunga Destan\u0131: T\u00fcrk-\u0130ran sava\u015flar\u0131yla Alp Er Tunga’n\u0131n yi\u011fitliklerinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 destanlard\u0131r.
\n* \u015eu Destan\u0131: \u0130skender ile T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar\u0131n ve H\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u015eu’nun destan\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Hun T\u00fcrklerinin Destanlar\u0131
\n* O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131: Hun H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Mete’nin yi\u011fitliklerini, \u00fclkesini geni\u015fletip o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatan destand\u0131r. <\/p>\n
G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Destanlar\u0131
\n*Bozkurt Destan\u0131: Sava\u015fta yaralanan bir T\u00fcrk’\u00fcn, di\u015fi bir kurt taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kurtla bu T\u00fcrk’ten \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* Ergenekon Destan\u0131: Bir yenilgi sonunda Ergenekon’a \u00e7ekilen T\u00fcrklerin orada \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131p, bir demir da\u011f\u0131 erittikten sonra \u00f6\u00e7lerini al\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan destand\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin Destanlar\u0131
\n* T\u00fcreyi\u015f Destan\u0131: Uygur hakan\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 insano\u011fluyla evlendirmeyi uygun bulmayarak tanr\u0131ya, k\u0131zlar\u0131yla evlenmesi ve Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin bu evlenmeden \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* G\u00f6\u00e7 Destan\u0131: T\u00fcrklerin, Kutsal ta\u015f\u0131 \u00c7inlilere vermeleri \u00fczerine, tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle de g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeleri anlat\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bkz.T\u00fcrk Destanlar\u0131 – D\u00fcnya Destanlar\u0131
\nAyr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z>>> Destan D\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Sunusu\/Slayt\u0131<\/p>\n
B ) YAZILI EDEB\u0130YAT T\u00fcrklerin G\u00d6KT\u00dcRK alfabesini kullanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan d\u00f6nemdir. Daha eskilere ait maalesef herhangi bir eserimiz yoktur. Tarihi bilinen en eski yaz\u0131t\u0131m\u0131z(mezar ta\u015f\u0131): \u00c7oyren (687-692)dir.
\nTarihimizin ve dilimizin ilk en \u00f6nemli belgeleri G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Yaz\u0131tlar(Orhun Kitabeleri)dir.
\n*Do\u011fu G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerine aittirler.
\n*725,732,735 y\u0131llar\u0131nda dikilmi\u015flerdir.
\n*Vezir Tonyukuk, Bilge Ka\u011fan, K\u00fcltigin ad\u0131na dikilmi\u015flerdir.
\n*Yollug Tigin adl\u0131 bir yazara yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n*\u00d6z T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n*T\u00fcrk hakanlar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkleri nas\u0131l birle\u015ftirdiklerini, devleti nas\u0131l idare ettiklerini, gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131n ne yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini anlatan bir nutuk (s\u00f6ylev)tur.
\n* Asl\u0131nda birer mezar ta\u015f\u0131 olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* Ta\u015flar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesiyle bir taraf\u0131 da \u00c7ince yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Eserler \u015fu an Mo\u011folistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir.
\n* 1900′ l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Strahlanberk taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015f, Danimarkal\u0131 Wilhelm Thomsen taraf\u0131ndan okunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131l\u0131 D\u00f6nem \u00dcr\u00fcnleri
\nOrhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131
\nUygur Metinleri<\/p>\n
Orhun (G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk) Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 (Abideleri, An\u0131tlar\u0131)
\n\u00c7inlilere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 yapan, T\u00fcrk b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden kurmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7te ve d\u0131\u015fta sava\u015fan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin hikayesi anlat\u0131l\u0131r bu yaz\u0131tlarda. Bu abideler 38 harfli olan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemli olanlar\u0131 3 tanedir.<\/p>\n
1. Vezir Tonyukuk Yaz\u0131t\u0131 (725): D\u00f6rt bakana vezirlik etmi\u015f olan Tonyukuk taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok \u00c7inlilerle yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. K\u00fcl Ti\u011fin Yaz\u0131t\u0131 (732) : G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk hakan\u0131 Bilge Ka\u011fan’\u0131n karde\u015fi K\u00fcl Ti\u011fin’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine Bilge Ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan dikilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Bilge Ka\u011fan Yaz\u0131t\u0131 (735) : G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk hakan\u0131 Bilge Ka\u011fan’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra o\u011flu Tenri Ka\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan diktirilmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131t, Bilge Ka\u011fan’\u0131n ye\u011feni Yollug Tigin taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Son iki yaz\u0131t daha \u00e7ok d\u00f6nemin olaylar\u0131ndan, t\u00f6relerden ve Bilge Ka\u011fan’\u0131n ulusuna diledi\u011fi iyi dileklerden s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\n
Uygur D\u00f6nemi Eserleri \/ Uygur Metinleri
\nG\u00f6kt\u00fcrk devletinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra kurulan uygur hanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kalma eserlerdir Daha \u00e7ok Buddha ve Mani dininin esaslar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan metinlerdir. Bunlar turfan y\u00f6resinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygurlar\u0131n k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da kitap basma tekni\u011fini bildikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00f6nemden kalma bir\u00e7ok hik\u00e2yenin yan\u0131nda “k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00e7” denilen bir ilkel tiyatro eserleri de vard\u0131r. Uygurlar bu eserleri 14 harfli uygur alfabesiyle yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sekiz Y\u00fckmek (Sekiz Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n): \u00c7inceden \u00e7evrilen Sekiz Y\u00fckmek’te Burkanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ait din\u00ee – ahl\u00e2ki inan\u0131\u015flar ve baz\u0131 pratik bilgiler vard\u0131r. Uygurlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yay\u0131lan bu eser; k\u0131sa c\u00fcmleleriyle, i\u00e7ten anlat\u0131m\u0131 ve zengin s\u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dikkati \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n
Altun Yaruk (Alt\u0131n I\u015f\u0131k): Burkanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temellerini, felsefesini ve Buda’n\u0131n menk\u0131belerini i\u00e7erir. Bunlardan en me\u015fhurlar\u0131 “\u015eehzade ile A\u00e7 Pars Hik\u00e2yesi” (A\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmek \u00fczere olan pars\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in kendini feda eden \u015fehzadenin hik\u00e2yesi), Dantipali Be\u011f Hik\u00e2yesi (Emrindeki geyikleri kurtarmak i\u00e7in kendini feda eden geyikler be\u011fini Dantipali Be\u011f \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr ve korkun\u00e7 alevler de Dantipali Be\u011f’i yutar) ve \u00c7a\u015ftani Be\u011f Hik\u00e2yesi (\u00dclkesindeki insanlara hastal\u0131k ve bela getiren \u015feytanlarla \u00c7a\u015ftani Be\u011f’in m\u00fccadelesidir.<\/p>\n
Irk Bitig (Fal Kitab\u0131): G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir fal kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Her biri ayr\u0131 fal olarak yaz\u0131lan 65 paragraftan olu\u015fur. \u00c7e\u015fitli inan\u0131\u015flar ve masal unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kitapta g\u00fcnl\u00fck dile ait pek \u00e7ok kelime de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kalyanamkara ve Papamkara Hik\u00e2yesi (\u0130yi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli \u015eehzade ile K\u00f6t\u00fc D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli \u015eehzade): Burkanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ait bir menk\u0131benin hik\u00e2yesidir. \u0130yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli \u015fehzadenin b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lara yard\u0131m etmek ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n birbirlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelerini engellemek i\u00e7in bir m\u00fccevheri elde etmek \u00fczere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 maceral\u0131 yolculuk anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK EDEB\u0130YATI \u0130sl\u00e2m’dan \u00d6nceki T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131: Eldeki bilgilere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrklerin ilk anayurdu Orta Asya’d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde bulunan yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler, T\u00fcrk dili ve edebiyat\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli bilgileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze iletmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler, VIII. yy’dar\u0131 kalmad\u0131r (G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131). Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerdeki dilin geli\u015fmi\u015f, i\u00e7eri\u011finin zengin olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha eskilere …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1405],"tags":[2066,2073,135,2069,2071,2072,2074,2067,2068,2065,2070],"class_list":["post-704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-turkce-odevleri","tag-baksi","tag-gilgamis","tag-islam","tag-kam","tag-kopuz","tag-manas","tag-odyssa","tag-ozan","tag-saman","tag-turk-edebiyatinda-kam","tag-yug"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}