Kas Sitemi<\/p>\n
Toplam v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kas dokusu olu\u015fturur.
\n\u0130skeletin \u00fczerini sararak v\u00fccudumuza esas \u015feklini veren ve eklemlerle birlikte hareketi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lara kas denir. Kaslar, kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015feyebilen liflerden olu\u015fan yap\u0131lard\u0131r.
\n\u0130nsanlarda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fe g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u015fekli de\u011fi\u015fen 600\u2019den fazla kas vard\u0131r.
\nKas dokusu uyaranlara tepki verebilme, uyaranlar\u0131 iletebilme, kas\u0131labilme, uzayabilme ve esneyebilme gibi yeteneklere sahiptirler.<\/p>\n
Kaslar\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131<\/p>\n
*
\nKaslar, \u00e7e\u015fitli organlar\u0131n veya v\u00fccudun tamam\u0131n\u0131n hareketini sa\u011flar. Duru\u015f ve hareketten sorumlu olan iskeletin \u00fczerindeki kaslar, kemiklere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve eklemlerin etraf\u0131nda toplanan kaslar birbirlerine z\u0131t y\u00f6nlerde hareket ederler.
\n*
\nV\u00fccutta madde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.
\n*
\nKalp kas\u0131, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar ve kan\u0131 t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda pompalar.
\n*
\nD\u00fcz kaslar, sindirim, bo\u015falt\u0131m ve \u00fcreme sistemlerinin hareketini sa\u011flar.
\n*
\n\u0130skelet kas\u0131 lenf ak\u0131m\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.
\n*
\nKemiklerin etraf\u0131nda bulunan iskelet kaslar\u0131 hareketle beraber, v\u00fccut \u015feklinin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.
\n*
\nKaslar \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretiminde g\u00f6rev al\u0131rlar. \u0130skelet kas\u0131 bir i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretir. V\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %85\u2019i kas kontraksiyonundan meydana gelir. <\/p>\n
Kaslar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
Kaslar kas teli denilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da ince kas lifinden olu\u015fur. Kas liflerinin membran\u0131na sarkolemma, sitoplazmas\u0131na ise sarkoplazma denir. Kas h\u00fccrelerinde enerji ihtiyac\u0131 fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sitoplazmada kas\u0131lmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00e7ok say\u0131da mitokondri bulunur.<\/p>\n
Kaslar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda aktin ve miyozin denen miyofilamentler bulunur.<\/p>\n
Miyozin filamenti yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 miyozin molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Miyozin ba\u015f\u0131 kas kas\u0131lmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlere sahiptir. Miyozin ba\u015f\u0131 ATPaz i\u015flevine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Aktin ise proteinlerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\nKaslar kemiklere kiri\u015flerle ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kiri\u015f; k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kaslar\u0131n ucunda bulunan beyaz renkli, sa\u011flam ve kas\u0131 kemi\u011fe ba\u011flayan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kas tipleri<\/p>\n
3 ana tip kas vard\u0131r.; iskelet kaslar\u0131, d\u00fcz kaslar ve kalp kas\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130skelet kaslar\u0131 (\u00e7izgili kaslar,istemli kaslar)<\/p>\n
\u0130skelet etraf\u0131nda bulunan, hareketi sa\u011flayan ve istemli olarak hareket ettirdi\u011fimiz kaslard\u0131r. Bu kaslar, t\u00fcm kas boyunca uzayan \u00e7ok say\u0131da liften olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu lifler de miyofibrillerden meydana gelir. Her miyofibrilde ise yanyana uzayan aktin ve miyozin filamentleri bulunur. Bu filamentler, dizili\u015flerinden dolay\u0131 bir koyu bir a\u00e7\u0131k b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturarak miyofibrilin enine \u00e7izgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcz ve mimik kaslar\u0131, g\u00f6vdede bulunan kol kaslar\u0131, kaburgalar aras\u0131 kaslar, kol ve bacak kaslar\u0131 iste\u011fimize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hareket ettirebildi\u011fimiz kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kalp kas\u0131
\nSadece kalpte bulunur. Miyofibrillerin dizili\u015fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden iskelet kas\u0131na, istemsiz kas\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcz kasa benzer. Kalp kas\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinde bol miktarda bulunan mitokondri, kas\u0131n devaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kalp kas lifi dallanm\u0131\u015f ve birbiri i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u015fekildedir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcz Kaslar
\n\u0130ste\u011fimiz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kendili\u011finden \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 otonomik sinir sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. V\u00fccutta en \u00e7ok sindirim, dola\u015f\u0131m, solunum ve \u00fcrogenital sistemler gibi i\u00e7i bo\u015fluklu sistemlerde bulunur. \u0130skelete ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. D\u00fcz kaslar barsak duvar\u0131, damar duvar\u0131, rahim kaslar\u0131 gibi i\u00e7 organlarda bulunan kaslar d\u00fcz kaslard\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcre yorulmadan kas\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirler.<\/p>\n
Kaslar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131
\nKaslar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131nda kalsiyum ve magnezyumun rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Kas\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131, miyozin molek\u00fcllerinin ba\u015f\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u00e7apraz k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin aktin miyofilamentini \u00e7ekmesi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kas\u0131lan kas\u0131n boyu k\u0131sal\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu kemi\u011fi \u00e7ekerek i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
Kas kas\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 ATP\u2019dir. Enerjinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7apraz k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin aktin filamentlerini \u00e7ekmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kas\u0131lmada esas enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 besinlerle al\u0131nan karbonhidrat, ya\u011f ve proteinlerin oksidatif y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan elde edilen ATP\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
ATP\u2019yi yeniden olu\u015fturabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli enerji kayna\u011f\u0131, kasta depolanm\u0131\u015f olan glikojenden gelir.<\/p>\n
Kas\u0131lma tipleri<\/p>\n
\u0130zometrik kas\u0131lma : Bu kas\u0131lma tipinde kas\u0131n boyunda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmaz.<\/p>\n
\u0130zotenik kas\u0131lma : Belirli bir y\u00fcke kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan ve kas boyunda k\u0131salman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kas\u0131lma tipidir.<\/p>\n
Tetanik kas\u0131lma : Uyar\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tekrar edilmesi sonucunda kas\u0131n gev\u015femeden s\u00fcrekli kas\u0131lmas\u0131 durumudur. Spazm ve kramp iskelet kas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen tetanik kas\u0131lmaya \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n
V\u00fccut kaslar\u0131
\nMimik ve \u00e7i\u011fneme kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcz mimiklerinin belirginle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r. G\u00fcl\u00fcmseme, konu\u015fma, dudak hareketleri, \u00e7i\u011fneme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen t\u00fcm hareketler, nefes al\u0131p verme s\u0131ras\u0131nda burun deliklerinin geni\u015flemesini, y\u00fczle ilgili t\u00fcm ifadelerin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Boyun kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Ba\u015f\u0131n sa\u011fa sola d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini, \u00f6ne e\u011filmesini, arkaya b\u00fck\u00fclmesini, dikli\u011fini ve boyun derisinin gerginli\u011fini sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131rt kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Omuzu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ve yukar\u0131ya \u00e7eken, kolun rotasyonunu (kendi ekseni etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmesini) ve add\u00fcksiyonunu (orta hatta yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131) sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
M.pectoralis major, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsteki y\u00fczeysel kast\u0131r, kolun add\u00fckt\u00f6r\u00fc ve i\u00e7e rotat\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. M.pectoralis min\u00f6r g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda ve derinde bulunan kast\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Diyafram, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesini kapatan, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011fu ile kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funu birbirinden ay\u0131ran ince bir kast\u0131r. Nefes al\u0131p vermede \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptir. Kas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funu geni\u015fletip b\u00fcy\u00fcterek nefes al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Kar\u0131n kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Diyafram\u0131n solunum i\u00e7in ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, i\u015feme, \u0131k\u0131nma ve do\u011fum olay\u0131 ile belin \u00f6ne ve yana e\u011filmesi gibi g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Omuz ve kol kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Kolun orta hatta yakla\u015ft\u0131ran, orta hattan uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran, kolu b\u00fcken , eklem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltan ve geni\u015fleten kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nkol ve el kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u00d6nkolda ele ve bile\u011fe do\u011fru uzanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da kas vard\u0131r. \u00d6nkol, el ve parmak hareketlerini sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Le\u011fen ve uyluk kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Uyluk kemi\u011fini b\u00fcken, eklem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltan ve artt\u0131ran, t\u00fcm hareketlerini sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bacak ve ayak kaslar\u0131<\/p>\n
Diz eklemini b\u00fcken, ayak ekleminin i\u00e7e ve d\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6nd\u00fcren, ayak ve parmaklar\u0131n hareketlerini sa\u011flayan kaslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kas Sitemi Toplam v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kas dokusu olu\u015fturur. \u0130skeletin \u00fczerini sararak v\u00fccudumuza esas \u015feklini veren ve eklemlerle birlikte hareketi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lara kas denir. Kaslar, kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015feyebilen liflerden olu\u015fan yap\u0131lard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlarda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fe g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u015fekli de\u011fi\u015fen 600\u2019den fazla kas vard\u0131r. Kas dokusu uyaranlara tepki verebilme, uyaranlar\u0131 iletebilme, kas\u0131labilme, uzayabilme ve esneyebilme gibi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2418,2416,2415,2414,2417,2275],"class_list":["post-817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-atpaz","tag-bosaltim","tag-kalp-kasi","tag-kas-sitemi","tag-miyozin-filamenti","tag-sindirim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/817\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}