\u0130LK YARDIM
\n DAVRANI\u015e \u0130LKELER\u0130(\u0130D\u0130)
\n Her ilk yard\u0131mdurumunda uygulanmas\u0131
\n gereken hareket tarz\u0131d\u0131r.\u0130lk yard\u0131m kahramanl\u0131k
\n de\u011fildir,teknik ve beceri i\u015fidir.Olaydan
\n dugusal olarak uzakla\u015fmal\u0131 ve so\u011fuk kanl\u0131
\n olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n
4 ADIM(4T)<\/p>\n
1)SAHNEY\u0130 TARAMA:\u00d6nce olay\u0131n biraz
\n uza\u011f\u0131nda olup,olay\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeliyiz.
\n a.Tehlike:Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 tehlikeyi g\u00f6zlemler.
\n (kendi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in)
\n b.\u00d6yk\u00fc:Sahnedeki olay nas\u0131l geli\u015fti?
\n c.Say\u0131:Ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin ilkyard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 var?
\n —–<\/p>\n
2)AC\u0130L TARAMA:Temel amac\u0131,ki\u015finin
\n vital(ya\u015famsal)fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n(solunum)
\n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.
\n solunum yollar\u0131\/nefes\/dola\u015f\u0131m
\n —–
\n 3)TELEFON(HABERLE\u015eME)
\n —–
\n 4)GENEL TARAMA:Ki\u015fiyi kurtard\u0131ktan
\n ve i\u015fimizi bitirdikten sonra,ki\u015fiyi son bir kez
\n g\u00f6zlemlemeliyiz.
\n a.Sorgulama
\n b.Nefes,Nab\u0131z,Is\u0131,Renk
\n —————————————————–
\n SOLUNUM YOLU
\n TIKANIKLIKLARI
\n HE\u0130ML\u0130CHCE MANEVRASI<\/p>\n
Solunum yolu t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu
\n \u00f6ks\u00fcrme yolu ile bu t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k a\u015f\u0131lmaya
\n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.\u00d6ks\u00fcr\u00fck zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kesildi\u011fi
\n zaman yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken,kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011funa
\n yap\u0131lan bask\u0131 ile cismin soluk borusunda
\n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
BASKI NOKTASININ BULUNMASI
\n 1)Sa\u011f elin i\u015faret ve orta parma\u011f\u0131yla
\n kaburgan\u0131n en alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bulunur.
\n 2)Sternumun ucu bulunur.
\n 3)Ba\u015f parmak sternumun alt ucuna
\n konur.
\n 4)Bir kar\u0131\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inilerekser\u00e7e parmak
\n g\u00f6bek ucuna yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n 5)Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tam orta noktas\u0131ndan bask\u0131
\n yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
EL\u0130N KONUMU
\n 1)Ba\u015f parmak ve i\u015faret parma\u011f\u0131yla bir
\n daire yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n 2)Sa\u011f el bask\u0131 noktas\u0131na konur ve sol el
\n ile sa\u011f el kavran\u0131r(solaklar i\u00e7in tam tersi).
\n 3)G\u00f6vde 10-15 derece \u00f6ne e\u011filir.
\n 4)Kar\u0131n kaslar\u0131n\u0131n direncini k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in
\n ilk \u00f6nce 1 cm kadar bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulan\u0131r.
\n 5)As\u0131l bask\u0131,el geri \u00e7ekilmeden,h\u0131zl\u0131 ve
\n keskin bir \u015fekilde,kesilmeden 5 cm kadar bir
\n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle bask\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
NOT.1)E\u011fer bu bask\u0131y\u0131 kendimize yapmam\u0131z
\n gerekirse,bir koltu\u011fun kenar\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131 arac\u0131
\n olarak kullanabiliriz.
\n NOT.2)Heimlichce manevras\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6nce
\n ayakta ba\u015flan\u0131r.
\n NOT.3)\u00c7ok \u015fi\u015fman v hamile bayanlarda bu
\n bask\u0131 sternum \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.Sternumun
\n alt ucuyla \u00fcst ucunun tam ortas\u0131na uygulan\u0131r.
\n Bas\u0131n\u00e7 tam dik olarak uygulan\u0131r.
\n Heimlichce manevralar\u0131 ard arda yap\u0131ld\u0131-
\n \u011f\u0131nda,her bask\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fiddette uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n NOT.4)Ki\u015fi bay\u0131l\u0131rsa s\u0131tr \u00fcst\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ayn\u0131
\n \u015fekilde bask\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.Bask\u0131 ba\u015f parmak aya-
\n s\u0131yla uygulan\u0131r.Dizlerin biraz \u00fcst\u00fcne,ata biner
\n \u015fekilde oturulur.
\n NOT.5)Heimlichce manevras\u0131 1 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki
\n herkese yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015finin Kendi Diliyle Bo\u011fulmas\u0131<\/p>\n
1)Ki\u015fi bayg\u0131nsa
\n 2)Ba\u015f pozisyonu \u00f6ne e\u011fikse
\n Bu durumda nefes al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in,\u00e7eneyi ekstansiyon pozisyonuna getirip ba\u015f\u0131 arkaya do\u011fru itmeliyiz.<\/p>\n
Suda Bo\u011fulma
\n Genellikle 16-24 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gen\u00e7 erkeklerde ve 0-4 ya\u015f aras\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fulma Sebepleri:
\n 1)Y\u00fczme bilmemek
\n 2)Alkol ve uyu\u015fturucu kullanarak y\u00fczmek
\n 3)\u00c7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar(\u00f6zellikle kalp krizi ve tansiyon n\u00f6betleriyle,\u015feker hastal\u0131klar\u0131,sara hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131)
\n Y\u00fczme s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan kramplar da \u00e7ok tehlikeli olabilir.
\n Sara hastalar\u0131,k\u00fcvette bile bo\u011fulma tehlikesi ge\u00e7irebilirler.
\n Birden so\u011fuk suya girildi\u011fi zaman Vagus sinirinden nabza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f emri gelir.Buna N.Vagus Refleksi denir.<\/p>\n
Hiperventik\u00fclasyon Bo\u011fulmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Dal\u0131\u015f yapmadan \u00f6nce al\u0131nan derin nefes sonucu suda bo\u011fulmalar olabilir.Hiperventik\u00fclasyon yap\u0131l\u0131nca suyun alt\u0131nda nefes alma ihtiyac\u0131 azal\u0131r.Bunun sonucunda v\u00fccutta karbondioksit birikmesi olu\u015fur.\u00d6nemli olan,v\u00fccutta oksijen azalmas\u0131 de\u011fil,karbondioksit birikmesidir.
\n Sudaki bo\u011fulmalar\u0131n sebebi hipoksidir.Yani v\u00fccudun oksijen alamamas\u0131d\u0131r.V\u00fccuda giren su miktar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
BO\u011eULMA:Su alt\u0131nda nefessiz kalarak \u00f6lme olay\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Bo\u011fulma Tehlikesi;su alt\u0131nda nefessiz kald\u0131ktan sonra,en az\u0131ndan bir s\u00fcre ya\u015fam fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.
\n Bo\u011fulma Sonucunda:
\n 1)Ki\u015fi biraz ya\u015far ve \u00f6l\u00fcr veya,
\n 2)Ki\u015fi tam olarak iyile\u015fir veya,
\n 3)Ki\u015fi hasarl\u0131 iyile\u015fir(sekel).<\/p>\n
Suda bo\u011fulmada ilk a\u015famada akci\u011ferden su \u00e7\u0131kartmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.Fakat daha sonra,sudaki tuz miktar\u0131yla ilgili olarak akci\u011fer tahribat olu\u015fabilir.Kuru bo\u011fulma vakalar\u0131nda,akci\u011ferde hi\u00e7 su yoktur.
\n Bo\u011fulmalarda ki\u015fi gen\u00e7se kurtulma \u015fans\u0131 y\u00fcksektir.
\n \u0130lk yard\u0131m uygulanacak ki\u015finin 5 dakikadan fazla suda kalmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u0130lk yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ki\u015finin kalbinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesi de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130D\u0130 \/2)AC\u0130L TARAMA:Ki\u015finin ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir safhad\u0131r.ilk \u00f6nce ki\u015finin solunumunu kontrol edip,t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k varsa bunu gidermeliyiz.\u00d6ncelikle ba\u015f\u0131 hiper ekstansiyon pozisyonuna getirip,a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p ki\u015finin a\u011fz\u0131nda bir \u015fey varsa \u00e7\u0131kartmal\u0131y\u0131z.Ki\u015finin nefes al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilir.Ki\u015fi nefes alm\u0131yorsa;ya solunum yolunda bir t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k vard\u0131r,ya da beyindeki solunum merkezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yordur.Bu durumda ki\u015fiye 2 kez suni solunum yap\u0131l\u0131r.Bu nefes toraks\u0131 \u015fi\u015firiyorsa solunum yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k demektir.Solunum dursa bile kalp bir s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na devam eder(yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 dakika kadar).
\n ——————————–<\/p>\n
Kalp-Dola\u015f\u0131m Sisteminin Kontrol\u00fc<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle so\u011fuk suda olu\u015fan bo\u011fulmalarda kalp durmas\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.So\u011fuk su bo\u011fulmalar\u0131nda v\u00fccut merkez \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 32 derece ve alt\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde,durum tehlikeli olabilir.
\nSo\u011fuk suda bo\u011fulan ki\u015fiye sert darbeler uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Sadece bu sebepten dolay\u0131 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirebilir.Genel taramada,\u00f6ncelikle v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 kontrol edilmelidir.So\u011fuk suda bo\u011fulma olaylar\u0131nda ki\u015fiyi \u0131s\u0131tmak da yararl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Suda bo\u011fulma olaylar\u0131nda,nab\u0131z yava\u015f ve d\u00fczensiz i\u015fleyebilir.Buna ”aritmi” ad\u0131 verilir.Bundan dolay\u0131 bo\u011fulan ki\u015finin nabz\u0131n\u0131 en az 10-15 saniye g\u00f6zlemlemeliyiz.En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nab\u0131z bile yeterlidir.Nabz\u0131 atan ki\u015fiye kesinlikle kalp masaj\u0131 yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.Kalp durursa solunum da durur.Fakat solunum durmu\u015fsa kalp max 5 dakika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.
\n Ki\u015fide nab\u0131z yoksa ve nefes alm\u0131yorsa hastaya ”cardiopulmoner canlanma” uygulan\u0131r.Yani ki\u015fiye suni solunum ve kalp masaj\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Kalp masaj\u0131,kalbin pompalama g\u00f6revinin d\u0131\u015fardan yap\u0131lma olay\u0131d\u0131r.
\n A\u00e7\u0131k kalp masaj\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in 2 \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r.Bunlar:
\n 1)Kalbi d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak
\n 2)Sistol ve diastol ritmini yakalamak.
\n Kapal\u0131 kalp masaj\u0131,sternumun 3 parmak \u00fczerine,ba\u015f parmak ayas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r.Kas kuvveti kullan\u0131lmadan,sadece v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile uygulanmas\u0131 daha do\u011frudur.Kalp masaj\u0131 yap\u0131lan ki\u015fi sert bir zemine yerle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Elektrik \u00c7arpmalar\u0131<\/p>\n
Elektrik \u00e7arpmalar\u0131 v\u00fccuda iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar verebilir.Birincisi \u0131s\u0131 ile v\u00fccuda verdi\u011fi zarard\u0131r.Ak\u0131m \u015fiddetinin s\u00fcresi de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.V\u00fccuda giren elektrik enerjisi \u0131s\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek kan\u0131 kayn\u0131p,dokular\u0131 yakabilir.Elektrik \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sonucu v\u00fccuttaki organlar hasar g\u00f6rebilir.Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlileri kalp,sinir sistemi ve dokulard\u0131r.
\n U >gerilim(volt)
\n R= ———————- R>diren\u00e7(ohm)
\n \u0130 >ak\u0131m(amper)<\/p>\n
Acil Tarama<\/p>\n
\u0130lk olarak solunum yolu kontrol edilir.Nefes ve kalbine bak\u0131l\u0131r.Ki\u015fi gen\u00e7se ve \u015fehir ceryan\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa,kalp seyrek olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na bir s\u00fcre devam eder.Buna ”fibrilasyon” denir.Bu olay oldu\u011funda kalbe 5 cm uzaktan,\u015fiddetli bir yumruk at\u0131l\u0131r.Buna ”prekardiyal yumruk” denir.Ama\u00e7 seyrek atan kalbi tamamen durdurup kalp masaj\u0131na ba\u015flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m D\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmesinde arkadan gelen elektrik g\u00fcc\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon volttur.Ki\u015fi \u0131slak de\u011filse ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m ki\u015finin \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse ki\u015fiyi etkilemeyebilir.Buna ”flash over” denir.Ak\u0131m bu \u015fekilde ki\u015finin \u00fcst\u00fcnden gider.
\n Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131ndan kurtulman\u0131n bir yolu da ”faraday kafesi”dir.Ki\u015fi \u00e7evresini metal cisimlerle \u00e7evirir ama onlara de\u011fmez.Bu \u015fekilde kafes kurulur ve elktrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisinden kurtulunur.
\n—————————————————————-<\/p>\n
Bal Ar\u0131s\u0131 Sokmas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede alerjisi olan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in \u00e7ok tehlikelidir.Hayvan,ki\u015finin v\u00fccuduna ”venom” ad\u0131 verilen zehri enjekte eder.Venom iki \u00e7e\u015fit etki g\u00f6sterir.Bunlar;
\n 1)Toksit etkisi miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re,
\n 2)Solunum yollar\u0131 t\u0131kan\u0131r,hipertansiyon ve \u015fok olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lan Sokmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Zehirli y\u0131lanlar,\u00f6zellikle \u00fclkemizin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde bulunurlar.Y\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok ciddiye al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.Aksi takdirde sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcme yada sakat kalmaya kadar varabilir.
\n Y\u0131lan\u0131n iki sivri di\u015fi vard\u0131r.Bu di\u015flerin biraz ilerisinde zehri enjekte etti\u011fi delikler bulunur.Y\u0131lan\u0131n zehirlemesi i\u00e7in di\u015flerini tamamen ki\u015fiye ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\n Y\u0131lan\u0131n zehrini enjekte etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fi\u015flik olu\u015fur.Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede yanmayla beraber \u015fiddetli bir a\u011fr\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n Y\u0131lan venomu \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk v\u00fccuda yay\u0131l\u0131r.Yar\u0131m saat i\u00e7inde m\u00fcdahale edilemezse ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcm tehlikesiyle ba\u015fba\u015fad\u0131r.Y\u0131lan sokmas\u0131ndan sonra yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 dak. i\u00e7inde ki\u015fiye ula\u015fabilmi\u015fsek kurtarma ihtimalimiz %50 dir.\u00d6nemli olan,ki\u015finin \u0131s\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgesindeki di\u015f izlerine b\u0131\u00e7akla derinli\u011fi 1\/2 cm olan iki \u015ferit \u00e7ekilir.Kanama olmas\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fil,aksine yararl\u0131 olabilir.Daha sonra o b\u00f6lgedeki zehir a\u011f\u0131z yoluyla emilerek at\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Zehirli y\u0131lan sokmas\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca antivenom kullan\u0131labilir.
\n Y\u0131lan,akrep,\u00f6r\u00fcmcek,yarasa vb. sokmalarda,yaral\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye kesinlikle buz uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kuduz<\/p>\n
Kuduz vir\u00fcs\u00fc,sinirler yoluyla sinir sistemine ve oradan da beyne kadar yay\u0131labilir.
\n Kuduz \u015f\u00fcphesi duydu\u011fumuz hayvan bizi \u0131s\u0131rm\u0131\u015fsa \u00f6ncelikle o hayvan\u0131 bulmal\u0131 ve 10 g\u00fcn g\u00f6zlemlemeliyiz.E\u011fer hayvan bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fam\u0131na devam ediyorsa kuduz \u015f\u00fcphesi ortadan kalkar.
\n Kuduz olan hayvan ki\u015fiyi ne kadar beyne yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden \u0131s\u0131rm\u0131\u015fsa tehlike o kadar \u00e7oktur.<\/p>\n
————————————————————————————
\n Epidemi:Toplum i\u00e7erisinde yayg\u0131n olan salg\u0131n
\n hastal\u0131k.
\n Endemi:Bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n,toplumda devaml\u0131 olarak yer almas\u0131 fakat salg\u0131n (epidemi)olmamas\u0131.<\/p>\n
————————————————————-<\/p>\n
SPOR YARALANMALARI<\/p>\n
Spor yaralanmalar\u0131nda ilk yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 4 ana ba\u015fl\u0131kla incelenir.Bunlar:
\n R: Rest(dinlenme)
\n \u0130: ice(so\u011futma)
\n C: Comppression(s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bandaj)
\n E: Elevasyon(yaral\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin kalp seviyesine
\n yada daha yukar\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131)<\/p>\n
Spor sakatlanmalar\u0131n\u0131n en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede iyile\u015fmesi ve ki\u015finin tam verime,en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in tedavi edilen b\u00f6lgenin en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede hareketlendirilmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.Buna ”erken mobilizasyon”denir.Ayr\u0131ca su i\u00e7erisindeki egzersizlerle de sakat b\u00f6lgeyi en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebiliriz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nemli(\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc) Sakatl\u0131klar<\/p>\n
En tehlikeli sakatl\u0131klar beyin travmalar\u0131d\u0131r.Kafaya al\u0131nan sert darbeler sonucu beyin,kafatas\u0131n\u0131n icinde sars\u0131l\u0131r.Bunun sonucu bay\u0131lmalar olu\u015fur.Kafaya al\u0131nan sert darbeler sonucu,beyinde h\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcmleri olu\u015fur.Darbe alan b\u00f6lgede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u00e7 kanamalar olu\u015fur.Bunun sonucunda uzun vadede b\u00fcy\u00fck beyin hasarlar\u0131 olu\u015fabilir.
\n Boyun k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok tehlikeli bir sakatl\u0131kt\u0131r.K\u0131r\u0131lma sonucunda,karotis arteri(\u015fah damar\u0131) kesilebilir.Bunun sonucunda ki\u015fi \u00f6lebilir.
\n Burun k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli olan her iki burun deli\u011fine de tampon uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Toraks k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7ok tehlikeli olabilir.Torakstaki k\u0131r\u0131k \u00f6n b\u00f6lgedeyse yanlardan,yanlarda ise de tokaks\u0131 \u00f6n ve arkadan toraksa hafif\u00e7e bask\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.Bu bask\u0131 sonucunda k\u0131r\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesbit edilir.
\n Kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesine gelen darbelerde dalak hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcp i\u00e7 kanama olu\u015fturabilir.Bunun sonucunda ki\u015fi ba\u015fta a\u011fr\u0131 hissetsek de i\u00e7 kanama oldu\u011fu farkedilmeyebilir.Ki\u015fi bu olay sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirebilir.
\n V\u00fccudun herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesine yap\u0131lan darbeler sonucu kas i\u00e7erisinde i\u00e7 kanama olu\u015fur ve bunun sonucunda kas\u0131n i\u00e7i kanla dolar.Bu da \u00e7ok ciddi bir sakatl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SICA\u011eA BA\u011eLI AC\u0130L DURUMLAR<\/p>\n
1)S\u0131cak \u00c7arpmas\u0131:S\u0131\u00e7ak \u00fclkelerdeki sava\u015flardaki \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu s\u0131cak \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sonucu olur.Sporda mukavemet gerektiren sporlarda s\u0131cak \u00e7ok tehlikelidir.40 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki ki\u015filerde hafif egzersizlerde bile tehlikeli olabilir.
\n S\u0131cak ortamlarda ,merkezi beden \u0131s\u0131s\u0131(MBI) 38 derecenin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karsa v\u00fccuttaki h\u00fccrelerde hasar olu\u015fturabilir hatta h\u00fccre ol\u00fcmlerine neden olabilir.MBI en g\u00fcvenilir dil alt\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.MBI,egzersizin \u015fiddetine ve s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artar.Bu \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 41 derecenin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
2)S\u0131cak Yorgunlu\u011fu ve Bitkinli\u011fi<\/p>\n
3)G\u00fcne\u015f \u00c7arpmas\u0131:Sporda fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.\u00c7ok ender olarak \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.\u00c7\u0131plak kafaya g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan etki etmesiyle ,kafatas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki beyin zar\u0131n\u0131n(meninks) tahri\u015f olmas\u0131 ve beyin \u00f6demiyle hasar olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n
4)S\u0131cakta Bay\u0131lma:Ki\u015fi tansiyon d\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu bay\u0131l\u0131r.Ki\u015fi bay\u0131l\u0131nca kendini yere atmal\u0131 ve bacaklar\u0131n\u0131 kalp seviyesinden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a yukar\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kartmal\u0131d\u0131r.Bol miktarda su ve tuz al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.Al\u0131nan s\u0131v\u0131 izotonik ise kandaki tuz oran\u0131 kadar tuz al\u0131n\u0131r(%0.9).S\u0131cak havalardaki yo\u011fun performanslarda s\u0131v\u0131 al\u0131nmamas\u0131 sonucu kandaki potasyum miktar\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi sonucu ki\u015fi \u00f6lebilir.
\n G\u00fcne\u015f \u00c7arpmas\u0131 Belirtileri;
\n Kafa k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte ve s\u0131cakt\u0131r.Kafatas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki zar kafatas\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r.Bunun sonucu kafa hareket etmez.Boyun kaslar\u0131 kas\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5)S\u0131cakta Kramplar:S\u0131cak havalarda yorgunluk ve s\u0131v\u0131 kayb\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fur.Bu durumlarda kaslar\u0131 germek ve yumu\u015fatmak gerekir.Olay,omurili\u011fin sinirler yoluyla kaslara g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yanl\u0131\u015f iletilerden kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 Aktar\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
1)Konduksiyon(do\u011frudan temas):Bir cisme temas ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.Suda yap\u0131l\u0131rsa etkili olur.
\n 2)Radyasyon(\u0131\u015f\u0131n yoluyla)
\n 3)Konveksiyon(hava temas\u0131)
\n 4)Terleme:D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya s\u0131cak aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
SO\u011eUKTA AC\u0130L DURUMLAR VE
\n DONMA<\/p>\n
V\u00fccudun genel olarak donmas\u0131 ve merkezi beden \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi olay\u0131na ”hipotermi” denir.MBI 35-32 ise hafif ,32-28 ise orta,28 ve alt\u0131 ise a\u011f\u0131r donma olarak kabul edilir.A\u011f\u0131r donma olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde kalp durur.
\n Hipotermi olay\u0131 oldu\u011funda,ki\u015finin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki \u0131slak giysiler hemen \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmal\u0131,ki\u015fi s\u0131cak ve kuru bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir.MBI yava\u015f bir \u015fekilde normal \u0131s\u0131s\u0131na getirilmelidir.Ki\u015fiye pasif \u0131s\u0131tma yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.(battaniye ile sararak paketleme)
\n V\u00fccudun lokal olarak belirli b\u00f6lgelerinin donmas\u0131na ”frostbite”denir.Lokal donmada,doku i\u00e7i buzlan\u0131r ve buz kristalleri olu\u015fur.Lokal donmada donan yeri;hareketsiz ve y\u00fcks\u00fcz tutmal\u0131,pasif olarak \u0131s\u0131tmal\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kesinlikle tekrar donmamas\u0131na dikkat etmeliyiz.Is\u0131n\u0131p tekrar donan bir uzul,b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle kangren tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130LK YARDIM DAVRANI\u015e \u0130LKELER\u0130(\u0130D\u0130) Her ilk yard\u0131mdurumunda uygulanmas\u0131 gereken hareket tarz\u0131d\u0131r.\u0130lk yard\u0131m kahramanl\u0131k de\u011fildir,teknik ve beceri i\u015fidir.Olaydan dugusal olarak uzakla\u015fmal\u0131 ve so\u011fuk kanl\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z. 4 ADIM(4T) 1)SAHNEY\u0130 TARAMA:\u00d6nce olay\u0131n biraz uza\u011f\u0131nda olup,olay\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeliyiz. a.Tehlike:Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 tehlikeyi g\u00f6zlemler. (kendi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in) b.\u00d6yk\u00fc:Sahnedeki olay nas\u0131l geli\u015fti? c.Say\u0131:Ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin ilkyard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 var? —– 2)AC\u0130L TARAMA:Temel amac\u0131,ki\u015finin vital(ya\u015famsal)fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n(solunum) s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. solunum …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2621,2447,2624,2622,2623,2620,2402,2625],"class_list":["post-874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-cardiopulmoner-canlanma","tag-dolasim-sistemi","tag-faraday-kafesi","tag-fibrilasyon","tag-flash-over","tag-ilk-yardim","tag-sinir-sistemi","tag-yilan-sokmasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=874"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}