TRANSFORMAT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: Trafolar hareket etmeyen elk. Makinalar\u0131 olup belli bir gerilimdeki elektrik enerjisini di\u011fer bir gerilimdeki enerjiyi \u00e7evirmeye yararlar. \u00d6zellikle enerji iletiminde rolleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bir ve \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Trafolar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi di\u011fer elektrik makinalar\u0131na g\u00f6re veriminin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hareket etmeyen elektrik makinas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve r\u00fczgar kay\u0131plar\u0131 yoktur. Verimleri %99,5 a kadar y\u00fckseltilebilmi\u015ftir. Kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 yer neresi olursa olsun prensip bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daima ayn\u0131d\u0131rlar ve genel olarak bir di\u011ferine ve topra\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 izole edilmi\u015f iki sarg\u0131 ile \u00fczerlerinde ta\u015f\u0131yan demir \u00e7ekirdeklerden olu\u015furlar. Uyar\u0131lan sarg\u0131ya primer di\u011ferine sekonder denir. Trafolar y\u00fckseltici ve al\u00e7alt\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re primer gerilimi sekonderden b\u00fcy\u00fck veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olabilir.
\nGenerat\u00f6r \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gerilimleri 0,4 – 3,3 – 6,3 \u2013 10,6 \u2013 13,0 \u2013 14,7 \u2013 15,8 \u2013 35 kv. de\u011ferlerindedir.
\nBu gerilimler enerjinin uzak yerlere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fildir. Enerji hatlar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerilimin b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekir. Gerilimlerin b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmesi ise transformat\u00f6rler ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130letim gerilimleri ise orta \u2013 y\u00fcksek \u2013 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olarak \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta gerilim : 6,3 \u2013 10 \u2013 15 \u2013 20 \u2013 33 \u2013 45 \u2013 66 Kv.
\nY\u00fcksek gerilim : 110 \u2013 154 \u2013 220 Kv.
\n\u00c7ok y\u00fcksek gerilim: 380 \u2013 500 \u2013 750 Kv.<\/p>\n
Bu gerilimlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 3-5-8-12-24-48-110-220-380 v. Gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gerilimlere de ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
TRAFOLARIN SINIFLANDIRILMASI<\/p>\n
1. Manyetik N\u00fcvenin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekline g\u00f6re
\na) \u00c7ekirdek Tipi
\nb) Mantel Tipi
\nc) Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Tip N\u00fcveli <\/p>\n
2. Faz Say\u0131s\u0131na G\u00f6re
\na) Pr. ve Sek.i ayn\u0131 faza sahip olanlar
\nb) Pr. ve Sek.i farkl\u0131 faza sahip olanlar<\/p>\n
3. So\u011futma \u015eekline G\u00f6re
\na) Kuru Trafolar (Ya\u011fs\u0131z Trafolar)
\nc) Ya\u011fl\u0131 Trafolar<\/p>\n
4. Kurulu\u015f Yerine G\u00f6re
\na) \u0130\u00e7 Tip Trafolar (Yap\u0131 \u0130\u00e7i veya Dahili Trafo)
\nb) A\u00e7\u0131k Hava Tipi Trafolar (Harici Trafo)<\/p>\n
5. Sarg\u0131 Tipine G\u00f6re
\na) Silindirik Sarg\u0131l\u0131
\nb) Dilimli Sarg\u0131l\u0131<\/p>\n
6. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensiplerine G\u00f6re
\na) Sabit Gerilimli (\u015eebeke G\u00fc\u00e7 Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m Trafolar\u0131 Gibi)
\nb) Sabit Ak\u0131ml\u0131<\/p>\n
7. Sarg\u0131 Durumlar\u0131na G\u00f6re
\na) Yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Sarg\u0131l\u0131 (Normal \u0130ki Sarg\u0131)
\nb) Oto Trafolar\u0131<\/p>\n
8. So\u011futucunun Cinsine G\u00f6re
\na) Hava So\u011futmal\u0131
\nb) Ya\u011f So\u011futmal\u0131
\nc) Su So\u011futmal\u0131<\/p>\n
9. Kullan\u0131\u015f Ama\u00e7lar\u0131na G\u00f6re
\na) G\u00fc\u00e7 Trafolar\u0131
\nb) \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc Trafolar\u0131 (Ak\u0131m ve Gerilim Trafosu Gibi)
\nc) \u00c7e\u015fitli Ayg\u0131t Ve Makinalarda Kullan\u0131lan Trafolar (Kaynak, Radyo, G\u00fcvenlik…..)<\/p>\n
Trafolar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensibi: Trafolar\u0131n sarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bir AA. Sistemin elektromanyetik indiksiyon etkisiyle \u00f6teki sarg\u0131dan ayn\u0131 frekansta fakat farkl\u0131 \u015fiddet ve gerilimde ba\u015fka bir ak\u0131m sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren statik (hareketsiz) bir elektrik makinas\u0131n\u0131n Primer sarg\u0131da A.C. uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen manyetik alan sac n\u00fcve \u00fczerinden devresini tamamlar. A.C.\u2019nin her an y\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u015fiddeti de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden manyetik alan\u0131nda y\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u015fiddeti de\u011fi\u015fir.Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla lens kanununa g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 n\u00fcve \u00fczerinde sarg\u0131l\u0131 olan primer sarg\u0131da bir manyetik alan dolay\u0131s\u0131ylada bir A.C. ind\u00fcklenir.B\u00f6ylece iki sarg\u0131n\u0131nda elektriki hi\u00e7bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde manyetik ind\u00fcksiyon ikinci devrede bir gerilim olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Manyetik N\u00fcve:
\n1. \u00c7ekirdek Tip N\u00fcve: Trafonun sarg\u0131lar\u0131 manyetik n\u00fcveyi kavrayacak veya ku\u015fatacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa \u00e7ekirdek tip n\u00fcveyi olu\u015fturur.\u00c7ekirde\u011fin sarg\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131sm\u0131na bacak, bunlar\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren par\u00e7alara da boyunduruk denir.<\/p>\n
2. Mantel Tip N\u00fcve: Al\u00e7ak gerilimli trafolarda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sarg\u0131lar manyetik n\u00fcve taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tarzdad\u0131r. Bu tip trafolarda ortalama demir yolu \u00e7ekirdek tipten daha k\u0131sa oldu\u011fundan m\u0131knat\u0131slanma ak\u0131m\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu nedenle zay\u0131f ak\u0131m trafolar\u0131nda mantel n\u00fcve kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Mantel tipinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni ise sarg\u0131lar\u0131n mekanik bak\u0131mdan daha iyi korunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Tip N\u00fcve : Bu tip n\u00fcveler \u00fcstten + \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp sarg\u0131lar yine orta ayakta bulunup di\u011fer 4 d\u0131\u015f ayak taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlara H tipi n\u00fcvelerde denir. Bu tip n\u00fcvelilerde ka\u00e7ak olanlar \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan bo\u015fta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ak\u0131m\u0131 azd\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 gerilim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri azd\u0131r ve sarg\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan aya\u011f\u0131n ak\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu di\u011fer ayaklardan fazlad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayak kesiti di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu durum kay\u0131plar\u0131 da azalt\u0131r. So\u011futulmas\u0131 daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
TRAFOLARDA D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015eT\u00dcRME ORANLARI<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nceki konularda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir trafonun I. devresine A.C. uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda II. devre u\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00fck ba\u011flanmazsa yani II. devre u\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ise I. devreden \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bo\u015fta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7er. (Io) Bu ak\u0131m\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fken alan Sek. Sarg\u0131lar\u0131 da keserek sek. devrede de bir AC gerilim ind\u00fckler. Her iki devredeki gerilimlerin frekanslar\u0131 bir birine e\u015fittir. E\u011fer bo\u015ftaki ak\u0131m\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kay\u0131plar\u0131n O oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131l\u0131rsa bu trafo ideal bir trafodur denir. Yani verim %100 d\u00fcr. \u0130deal bir trafoda her iki devrede de ayn\u0131 gerilim ind\u00fcklenir. Yani her iki sarg\u0131da da spir ba\u015f\u0131na ind\u00fcklenen gerilim (Us) ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Ve aralar\u0131nda faz fark\u0131 yoktur. E1 ve E2 ayn\u0131 fazdad\u0131r. Pr. de olu\u015fan E1 gerilimi Lens kanununa g\u00f6re kendisini meydana getiren U1 gerilimine ters y\u00f6nde olup (1800 faz fark\u0131 ideal trafoda ) yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak e\u015fit de\u011ferdedir.
\n Bu durumda spir ba\u015f\u0131na ind\u00fcklenen gerilimler ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fundan <\/p>\n
U1 U2 U1 E1 N1
\nUs = —— = —— ; —— = —— = ——- olur
\n N1 N2 U2 E2 N2<\/p>\n
Bu duruma g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fitlikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak bunlara trafo d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme ad\u0131 verilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a harfi ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
E1 U1 I2 N1
\na = —– = ——- = ——- = ——
\n E2 U2 I1 N2<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek: Primer gerilimi 220 V. Sekonder gerilimi 55 V. olan bir trafonun Pr. Sarg\u0131s\u0131ndan 4 A. ge\u00e7mektedir.Bu trafoda spir ba\u015f\u0131na ind\u00fcklenen gerilimin, 0,5 V. oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re
\na) Sr. ak\u0131m\u0131
\nb) Pr. ve Sr. Spir say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bulunuz.<\/p>\n
Verilenler:
\nU1= 220 v.
\nU2= 55 v.
\nI1= 4 A.
\nUs=0,5 v.
\nI2 = ?
\nN1=?
\nN2=?<\/p>\n
U1 220 220
\nUs = —— = —— = 0,5 ; N1= —– = 440 spir.
\n N1 N1 0,5<\/p>\n
U1 220 I1 4
\na = —– = ——- = 4 I2= ——- = —–= 1
\n U2 55 a 4<\/p>\n
N1 440
\nN2=—— = —– = 110 spir.
\n a 4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
TRANSFORMAT\u00d6RLER Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: Trafolar hareket etmeyen elk. Makinalar\u0131 olup belli bir gerilimdeki elektrik enerjisini di\u011fer bir gerilimdeki enerjiyi \u00e7evirmeye yararlar. \u00d6zellikle enerji iletiminde rolleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bir ve \u00fc\u00e7 fazl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Trafolar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi di\u011fer elektrik makinalar\u0131na g\u00f6re veriminin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hareket etmeyen elektrik makinas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve r\u00fczgar kay\u0131plar\u0131 yoktur. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2766,2767,2764,2765],"class_list":["post-923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-manyetik","tag-manyetik-nuve","tag-transformatorler","tag-yuksek-gerilim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=923"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/923\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}